Solar Meridional Circulation from Doppler Shifts of the Fe I line at lambda 5250 Angstroms as Measured by the 150-foot Solar Tower Telescope at the Mt. Wilson Observatory

Doppler shifts of the Fe I spectral line at lambda5250 Angstroms from the full solar disk obtained over the period 1986 to 2009 are analyzed to determine the circulation velocity of the solar surface along meridional planes. Simultaneous measurements of the Zeeman splitting of this line are used to obtain measurements of the solar magnetic field that are used to select low field points and impose corrections for the magnetically induced Doppler shift. The data utilized is from a new reduction that preserves the full spatial resolution of the original observations so that the circulation flow can be followed to latitudes of 80 degrees N/S. The deduced meridional flow is shown to differ from the circulation velocities derived from magnetic pattern movements. A reversed circulation pattern is seen in polar regions for three successive solar minima. An surge in circulation velocity at low latitudes is seen during the rising phases of cycles 22 and 23.Comment: 34 pages, 12 figures, Accepted by Astrophysical Journa

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in hospital wastewater:a reservoir that may be unrelated to clinical isolates [star]

Summary Background: Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are an emerging infection control problem in hospitals worldwide. Identifying carriers can help reduce potential spread and infections. Aim: To assess whether testing hospital wastewater for CPE can supplement patient based screening for infection prevention purposes in a hospital without a recognised endemic CPE problem. Methods: Wastewater collected from hospital pipework on 16 occasions during February-March 2014 was screened for CPE using chromID®CARBA agar and chromID®CPS agar with a 10 μg ertapenem disc and combination disc testing. MICs were determined using British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy methodology and carbapenemase genes detected by PCR or wholegenome sequencing. Selected isolates were typed by PFGE. Findings: Suspected CPE were recovered from all 16 wastewater samples. Of 17 isolates sent to Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Reference Unit, six (four Citrobacter freundii and two Enterobacter cloacae complex) were New Delhi metallo–beta-lactamase (NDM) producers and the remaining 11 (six Klebsiella oxytoca and five Enterobacter cloacae complex), Guiana-Extended-Spectrum-5 (GES-5) producers, the first to be described in Enterobacteriaceae in the UK. The four NDM-producing C. freundii, two NDM-producing E. cloacae complex and 4/5 GES-5-producing E. cloacae complex were each indistinguishable isolates of the same three strains, whereas the six GES-5-producing K. oxytoca overall shared 79% similarity. Conclusion: CPE are readily isolated from hospital wastewater using simple culture methods. There are either undetected carriers of CPE excreting into the wastewater, or these CPE represent colonisation of the pipework. Surveillance of hospital wastewater for CPE does not appear helpful for infection control purposes

L'Abbittibbi et le Témiskaming hier et aujourd'hui

Ouvrage contenant les études suivantes: Benoît-Beaudry Gourd, «La colonisation et le peuplement du Témiscamingue et de l'Abitibi 1880-1950. Aperçu historique». Jean Laflamme, «Un camp de concentration en Abitibi durant la grande guerre». Roger Barrette, «Le plan Vautrin et l'Abitibi-Témiscamingue 1934-1936». Gilbert Saint-Laurent, «Prémices du transport d'écoliers du Québec. L'exemple de la Commission scolaire de Guérin, Comté de Témiscamingue, 1909-1950». Yves Côté, «L'évolution et la régression d'une ville minière: Duparquet». Jacques Meunier, «Réflexion en marge de la marginalité». Laurent Deshaies, «Le développement économique de l'Abitibi-Témiscamingue. Essai de prospective ou esquisse d'une géographie du futur de la région. Première partie». Bibiane Plourde-Savard et Noël Savard, «L'industrie manufacturière du Nord-Ouest québécois». Jean De Denus, «Le conseil régional de développement de l'Abitibi-Témiscamingue. Un organisme-tampon?». Michel Poudrier, «Classes sociales des étudiants du CEGEP du Nord-Ouest.

How can clinical research improve European health outcomes in cancer?

We review the mechanisms by which clinical cancer research can improve health outcomes and argue that this should be central to the development of policy. Recent series of major international studies have analysed large, often nationwide, datasets for cancer patient outcomes and participation in clinical research. They have evaluated and quantified the impact of new evidence generated by randomised controlled trials on cancer survival. They show a strong and probably causal relationship between the participation in clinical research in hospitals and the outcomes for patients with the disease under study in those hospitals. Also, institutions that are active in clinical trials appear to take up well evidenced innovations more rapidly than those which are not so engaged. Further work is necessary to confirm and examine the generalisability of these findings but we argue that all of these mechanisms are likely to lead to improved outcomes for patients as a consequence of the conduct of clinical research. The size of the benefit appears to be substantial and an active programme to promote clinical research across cancer care systems should be a part of National Cancer Plans and Cancer Control Strategies

Centre d’études africaines – CEAf

Jean Copans, professeur à l’Université Paris-V/DescartesIngolf Diener, maître de conférences à l’Université Paris-VIII/Vincennes-Saint-DenisRoger Meunier, ingénieur d’études État, sociétés et problèmes sociaux en Afrique australe Dans la continuité des années précédentes, le séminaire poursuit l’analyse de la dynamique des relations socio-économiques, politiques et culturelles en Afrique du Sud, en Namibie, en Angola et au Mozambique. Tout en étant attentifs aux continuités et aux ruptures pa..

Centre d’études africaines – CEAf

Jean Copans, professeur à l’Université Paris-V/DescartesIngolf Diener, maître de conférences à l’Université Paris-VIII/Vincennes-Saint-DenisRoger Meunier, ingénieur d’études État, sociétés et problèmes sociaux en Afrique australe Dans la continuité des années précédentes, le séminaire poursuit l’analyse de la dynamique des relations socio-économiques, politiques et culturelles en Afrique du Sud, en Namibie, en Angola et au Mozambique. Tout en étant attentifs aux continuités et aux ruptures pa..

Le FORUM, Vol. 36 No. 3

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/francoamericain_forum/1034/thumbnail.jp

Identification of a novel PPARβ/δ/miR-21-3p axis in UV-induced skin inflammation.

Although excessive exposure to UV is widely recognized as a major factor leading to skin perturbations and cancer, the complex mechanisms underlying inflammatory skin disorders resulting from UV exposure remain incompletely characterized. The nuclear hormone receptor PPARβ/δ is known to control mouse cutaneous repair and UV-induced skin cancer development. Here, we describe a novel PPARβ/δ-dependent molecular cascade involving TGFβ1 and miR-21-3p, which is activated in the epidermis in response to UV exposure. We establish that the passenger miRNA miR-21-3p, that we identify as a novel UV-induced miRNA in the epidermis, plays a pro-inflammatory function in keratinocytes and that its high level of expression in human skin is associated with psoriasis and squamous cell carcinomas. Finally, we provide evidence that inhibition of miR-21-3p reduces UV-induced cutaneous inflammation in ex vivo human skin biopsies, thereby underlining the clinical relevance of miRNA-based topical therapies for cutaneous disorders

From ether to acid: a plausible degradation pathway of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers

Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are ubiquitous microbial lipids with extensive demonstrated and potential roles as paleoenvironmental proxies. Despite the great attention they receive, comparatively little is known regarding their diagenetic fate. Putative degradation products of GDGTs, identified as hydroxyl and carboxyl derivatives, were detected in lipid extracts of marine sediment, seep carbonate, hot spring sediment and cells of the marine thaumarchaeon Nitrosopumilus maritimus. The distribution of GDGT degradation products in environmental samples suggests that both biotic and abiotic processes act as sinks for GDGTs. More than a hundred newly recognized degradation products afford a view of the stepwise degradation of GDGT via (1) ether bond hydrolysis yielding hydroxyl isoprenoids, namely, GDGTol (glycerol dialkyl glycerol triether alcohol), GMGD (glycerol monobiphytanyl glycerol diether), GDD (glycerol dibiphytanol diether), GMM (glycerol monobiphytanol monoether) and bpdiol (biphytanic diol); (2) oxidation of isoprenoidal alcohols into corresponding carboxyl derivatives and (3) chain shortening to yield C39and smaller isoprenoids. This plausible GDGT degradation pathway from glycerol ethers to isoprenoidal fatty acids provides the link to commonly detected head-to-head linked long chain isoprenoidal hydrocarbons in petroleum and sediment samples. The problematic C80to C82tetraacids that cause naphthenate deposits in some oil production facilities can be generated from H-shaped glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers (GMGTs) following the same process, as indicated by the distribution of related derivatives in hydrothermally influenced sediments.Seventh Framework Programme (European Commission) (ERC Grant 247153

Schr\"odinger Manifolds

This article propounds, in the wake of influential work of Fefferman and Graham about Poincar\'e extensions of conformal structures, a definition of a (Poincar\'e-)Schr\"odinger manifold whose boundary is endowed with a conformal Bargmann structure above a non-relativistic Newton-Cartan spacetime. Examples of such manifolds are worked out in terms of homogeneous spaces of the Schr\"odinger group in any spatial dimension, and their global topology is carefully analyzed. These archetypes of Schr\"odinger manifolds carry a Lorentz structure together with a preferred null Killing vector field; they are shown to admit the Schr\"odinger group as their maximal group of isometries. The relationship to similar objects arising in the non-relativisitc AdS/CFT correspondence is discussed and clarified.Comment: 42 pages, 1 figure, published version: J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 45 (2012) 395203 (24pp