Realization of Resistorless Lossless Positive and Negative Grounded Inductor Simulators Using Single ZC-CCCITA

This paper is in continuation with the very recent work of Prasad et al. [14], wherein new realizations of grounded and floating positive inductor simulator using current differencing transconductance amplifier (CDTA) are reported. The focus of the paper is to provide alternate realizations of lossless, both positive and negative inductor simulators (PIS and NIS) in grounded form using z-copy current-controlled current inverting transconductance amplifier (ZC-CCCITA), which can be considered as a derivative of CDTA, wherein the current differencing unit (CDU) is reduced to a current-controlled current inverting unit. We demonstrate that only a single ZC-CCCITA and one grounded capacitor are sufficient to realize grounded lossless PIS or NIS. The proposed circuits are resistorless whose parameters can be controlled through the bias currents. The workability of the proposed PIS is validated by SPICE simulations on three RLC prototypes

Efficiency of the Turkish Stock Exchange with respect to Monetary Variables: A C

Cataloged from PDF version of article.In this study, we test the semistrong form of the efficient market hypothesis in Turkey by using the recently developed techniques in time series econometrics, namely unit roots and cointegration. The long run relationship between stock prices and inflation is investigated by assuming the possible existence of a proxy effect. Conclusions are made as to the efficiency of the Turkish Stock Exchange and its possible implications for investors. To our knowledge, this is among the pioneering studies conducted in an emerging market that uses an updated econometric methodology to allow for an analysis of long run steady state properties together with short run dynamics

Purification and characterization of a thermostable glucoamylase produced by Aspergillus flavus HBF34

Glucoamylase (GA) from Aspergillus flavus HBF34 strain was partially purified 120 folds using starch affinity chromatography. Two isoenzymes (GA1 and GA2) were identified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) zymography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-PAGE analysis revealed that one of the enzymes consist of one subunit and the other, two subunits. The optimum pH of the purified GA was 6.0 and the optimum temperature was 60°C. GA was found to be stable at temperatures up to 50°C and at a pH range between 3.0 and 9.0. Km and Vmax values of the enzymes were determined using soluble potato starch, glycogen, amylopectin and amylose as substrates and calculated to be 0.046,0.075, 0.1 and 0.125 mg/ml and 769, 1250, 3333 and 2500 U/mg protein, respectively. While GA was activated by Mn2+, Ca2+, Co2+ and Ba2+, it was inhibited by Hg2+, Fe3+, Al3+, Zn2+ and Cu2+. The activity ofGA was found to be tolerant up to 5 M NaCl concentration.  N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and phenylmethanesulfonylfluoride (PMSF) inhibited the enzyme, suggesting the involvement of tryptophan and serine residues in the catalytic process. Raw corn starch adsorption of GA was found to be 93%. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) results showed that amylase was in fact a glucoamylase

Boundary Value Problems For Integrable Equations Compatible With The Symmetry Algebra

Boundary value problems for integrable nonlinear partial differential equations are considered from the symmetry point of view. Families of boundary conditions compatible with the Harry-Dym, KdV and MKdV equations and the Volterra chain are discussed. We also discuss the uniqueness of some of these boundary conditions.Comment: 25 pages , Latex , no figure

Interest rate pass-through in Turkey and impact of global financial crisis: asymmetric threshold cointegration analysis

Cataloged from PDF version of article.This paper aims to investigate the interest rate pass-through of monetary policy rate to banking retail rates in Turkey by employing the asymmetric threshold autoregressive (TAR) and momentum threshold autoegressive (MTAR) procedures introduced by Enders and Siklos (2001). Over the period December 2001 to April 2011, the empirical results of asymmetric threshold cointegration analysis suggest that there exist significant and complete pass-through between policy rate and loan rates. Positive and negative departures from the equilibrium converge to long run path almost at the same speed. Pace of convergence is about two to three months for all loan rates. Policy rate has significant short run impact on loan rates. Our analysis revealed that there is no significant relationship between policy rate and bank deposit rates due to sluggish adjustment of deposit rates. Lastly, the speed and behavior of interest rate pass-through between policy rate and loan rates did not change when we encounter the effect of 2008 financial crisis. Having a banking sector dominated financial system in Turkey, the results suggest that banks adjust loan rates faster than deposit rates. This indicates that Central Bank can affect the consumption behavior of people, in other words aggregate demand through loan rates

The Economics of Reducing Package Size: Consumer response and returns to manufacturers.

Marketing, Production Economics,

Smart Materials for Nerve Regeneration and Neural Tissue Engineering

Stimuli-responsive smart-biomaterial-based approaches have been identified as a promising tool for nerve regeneration and neural tissue engineering. Understanding the stimuli-responsive behavior of the smart materials, along with the fundamentals of cellular interactions, is the key to future strategies for neural tissue engineering. Advances in the development and application of smart biomaterials and 3-D scaffold fabrication techniques as well as cellular reprogramming and transdifferentiation technologies make it possible to combine stem cells, cellular engineering, drug/gene delivery systems, nanotechnology and biomaterial-based therapies to develop experimental and clinical strategies for neural tissue engineering. The application of smart biomaterials in these technologies is likely to contribute synergistically to the improvement of therapeutic strategies for clinical translation. This review chapter focuses on the use of strategies combining stimuli-responsive smart biomaterials with other technologies in neural tissue engineering. A specific emphasis on temperature, pH, enzyme, photo-triggered, self-assembling and electrical stimuli-sensitive mono or multi-responsive smart biomaterials in neural tissue engineering is presented. A summary of the clinical potential and applications of smart materials in neural tissue engineering is also presented at the end to illustrate how smart materials can be effective in combination with these technologies to enhance neural regeneration

Genome size and Giemsa C-banded karyotype of tetraploid \u3ci\u3eBromus ciliatus\u3c/i\u3e L.

Tetraploid Bromus ciliatus L. is a North American bromegrass that has been placed in the Pnigma section of Bromus. The objective of this study was to characterize the genome of tetraploid B. ciliatus by cytogenetic methods and compare it to the genomes of other species included in the section Pnigma. All the plants of the accession (USDA PI 232214) selected for chromosome counting were tetraploids (2n = 28). The mean 2C nuclear DNA content for tetraploid B. ciliatus was 19.13 ± 0.07 pg as determined by flow cytometry which is significantly greater than the tetraploid DNA content of B. inermis Leyss. (11.74 ± 0.16 pg). C-banding procedures were used to identify individual mitotic chromosomes and to develop a karyotype for B. ciliatus. The genome of the tetraploid B. ciliatus consisted of 16 median chromosomes, eight submedian chromosomes, and four chromosomes with satellites which included one pair with a large satellite and one pair with a small satellite. The general pattern of the distribution of constitutive heterochromatin in B. ciliatus was quite different than the other bromegrasses that have been analyzed to date. Except for two pairs of chromosomes, all chromosomes in tetraploid B. ciliatus had telomeric bands on one or both arms. Some of the chromosomes with telomeric bands had centromeric bands that were located at one or both sides of the centromere and intercalary bands which were generally absent in the other bromegrass species. It was possible to identify all chromosomes of tetraploid B. ciliatus and to match the pairs of homologous chromosomes by using chromosome lengths, arm length ratios and C-banding patterns. The results of this study indicate that tetraploid B. ciliatus has different genomes than the European species evaluated to date in the section Pnigma

Integrable nonlinear equations on a circle

The concept of integrable boundary value problems for soliton equations on $\mathbb{R}$ and $\mathbb{R}_+$ is extended to bounded regions enclosed by smooth curves. Classes of integrable boundary conditions on a circle for the Toda lattice and its reductions are found.Comment: 23 page

Cytogenetic and Nuclear DNA Content Characterization of Diploid \u3ci\u3eBromus erectus\u3c/i\u3e and \u3ci\u3eBromus variegatus\u3c/i\u3e

Bromus erectus Huds. (erect brome) and B. variegatus M. Bieb. are Eurasian Bromus species that have been tentatively identified as potential progenitors of smooth bromegrass (B. inermis Leyss) which is the principal cultivated bromegrass in North America. The objective of this study was to characterize the genome of diploid accessions of B. erectus (2n = 2x = 14) and B. variegatus (2n = 2x = 14) using nuclear DNA content and cytogenetic analysis using Giemsa C-banding. The nuclear DNA content for B. erectus (6.19 ± 0.08 pg 2C-1) was less than that of B. variegatus (6.76 ± 0.05 pg 2C-1). These two species can be distinguished cytogenetically with the karyotypes that were developed. Complete karyotypes were not developed for both species because within species, multiple chromosomes were similar in size and C-banding. Both species had two pairs of chromosomes with satellites but the size of the satellites and the number and position of C-bands on these chromosomes differed between species. Bromus variegatus had five pairs of chromosomes with telomeric C-bands on both arms, while B. erectus had four pairs of chromosomes with a single telomeric band on the long arm and a single pair with telomeric bands on both arms. Comparison with the previously reported karyotypes and nuclear DNA contents for tetraploid and octaploid B. inermis suggest that if the diploid species B. erectus and B. variegatus were the donor species for these polyploids, significant evolutionary changes have occurred since the initial formation of these species including chromosome loss and re-arrangement