Digital inclusion guidelines and promotion by the European Union

Digital inclusion has emerged as an institutional objective of European policies on information society since the last fifteen years in response to the potential risk of an increase in the digital divide within the European society. Content analysis of the European Commission plans and ministerial declarations —that constitute these policies— reveals a change in the treatment of the access to and the use of Information Technology and Communication (ICT), most clearly visible when these policies are associated with the development of e-Government. The main change is from the initial approaches focused on the social benefits of ICT access and its use to new approaches in which such social benefits are subject to technological development —mainly by extending broadband connections. This finding is especially relevant in the discussion of access to and the use of e-Government, more precisely the e-Administration services

Impacto de la formación profesional y orientación vocacional en los estudiantes hacia la elección de carreras técnicas en la Unidad Educativa Leónidas Grueso George

Introduction: vocational training and guidance are fundamental for the advancement and triumph of students in both their academic and professional endeavors, as they equip them with crucial decision-making tools before selecting further studies aligned with their professional passions and social demands. Objectives: the proposed objective of the study is to evaluate how the implementation of a vocational training and guidance strategy fosters students' propensity to choose career paths for their educational progress at the "Leonidas Gruezo George" Educational Unit in the 2024 school year. Methodology: the research adopted a quantitative approach characterized by detailed, correlational and applied research. Employing inductive and synthetic analytical methods, data were collected through surveys using questionnaires exploring socio-cultural aspects, involving a cohort of 47 students with post-secondary education as they approached a crossroads in their technical career options. Results: The results obtained after the training revealed a change in the students' perception of their preferred career paths, with technical fields becoming the most favored disciplines, illustrating the positive impact of vocational training on career decision making. Conclusions: It was observed that the intervention process through vocational training and vocational guidance, as students were initially inclined towards health, administration, and education-oriented careers and then their perception changed towards technical careers due to their characteristics and advantages. This suggests that vocational training exerted a favorable influence on the students' career prospects.Introducción: la formación y la orientación vocacionales son fundamentales para el avance y el triunfo de los estudiantes tanto en sus esfuerzos académicos como profesionales, ya que los equipan con herramientas cruciales para la toma de decisiones antes de seleccionar estudios adicionales alineados con sus pasiones profesionales y demandas sociales. Objetivos: el objetivo propuesto del estudio es evaluar cómo la aplicación de una estrategia de formación y orientación profesionales fomenta la propensión de los estudiantes a elegir trayectorias profesionales para su progreso educativo en la Unidad Educativa «Leonidas Gruezo George» en el periodo lectivo 2024. Metodología: la investigación adoptó un enfoque cuantitativo caracterizado por una investigación detallada, correlacional y aplicada. Empleando métodos analíticos inductivos y sintéticos, los datos se recopilaron mediante encuestas que utilizaron cuestionarios que exploraban los aspectos socioculturales, en las que participaron una cohorte de 47 estudiantes con educación postsecundaria cuando se acercaban a una encrucijada en sus opciones de carrera técnica. Resultados: los resultados obtenidos después de la formación pusieron de manifiesto un cambio en la percepción de los estudiantes con respecto a sus trayectorias profesionales preferidas, y los campos técnicos se han convertido en las disciplinas más favorecidas, lo que ilustra el impacto positivo de la formación profesional en la toma de decisiones profesionales. Conclusiones: Se observó que el proceso de intervención a través de formación profesional y orientación vocacional, ya que de manera inicial los estudiantes tenían inclinación hacia carreras orientadas a salud, administración y educación y luego su cambio de percepción se orientó hacia carreras técnicas debido a sus características y ventajas. Esto sugiere que la formación profesional ejerció una influencia favorable en las perspectivas profesionales de los estudiantes. Área de estudio general: Educación. Área de estudio específica: Educación en formación técnica

Pediatric Meningosarcoma: Clinical Evolution and Genetic Instability

This report presents a female diagnosed with a frontoparietal interhemispheric meningosarcoma who, parallel to the clinical worsening, revealed an increase in the genetic instability (in bleomycin cultures) and the complexity of the karyotypes, with the acquisition of a clonal deletion of 17p13 (the locus for the TP53 tumor suppressor gene). The genetic findings of this patient suggest that the increased genetic instability could contribute to tumor progression as well as to treatment resistance, possibly in the background of the clonal deletion of TP53

Opinion of doctors and users on e-health advances in primary care

[ES] Objetivo Explorar las opiniones de los usuarios y de los facultativos sobre el avance de la e-salud en atención primaria. Diseño Grupos focales realizados entre el 1 de mayo y el 25 de septiembre de 2018. Emplazamiento Nivel de atención primaria en los servicios autonómicos de salud. Participantes Un total de 29 usuarios y 33 facultativos vinculados a atención primaria contactados, respectivamente, a través de asociaciones de usuarios y por medio del servicio autonómico de salud. Método Análisis inductivo de las transcripciones de grupos focales en torno a los siguientes temas: accesibilidad y seguridad; eficiencia; problemas de información y técnicos; potencialidades. Resultados Los servicios de salud en línea son positivamente valorados por usuarios y facultativos de atención primaria en términos de ahorro de costes. No obstante, la interacción presencial sigue considerándose clave en la calidad de servicio. Se comparte la preocupación por la seguridad de los datos y por las deficiencias formativas de usuarios y de facultativos en el acceso y la provisión de servicios de e-salud. El diseño adecuado de las aplicaciones constituye un condicionante para la aceptación y la difusión de las tecnologías que sostienen la salud en línea. Conclusiones La administración sanitaria debería intensificar la utilización de las nuevas tecnologías con un enfoque facilitador de la labor del facultativo, simplificando tareas burocráticas, aportando seguridad diagnóstica, prescriptiva y de protección de datos. Mientras los sistemas generen fallos y desconfianza continuarán percibiéndose como un complemento pero no como alternativa al modelo de atención tradicional.[EN] Objective To find out the opinions of users and primary care doctors on the progress of e-health in primary care. Design Focus groups set up between 1st May and 25th September 2018. Location Primary care level in regional online health services. Participants A total of 29 users and 33 primary care doctors linked to primary care that were contacted, through user associations and regional public health services, respectively. Method Inductive analysis of transcripts from focus groups about the following issues: accessibility and security; efficiency; information and technical problems; potentialities. Results Online health services are positively valued in terms of cost savings both by users and doctors of primary care. Nevertheless, face-to-face interaction is still considered a key factor in the quality of service. When it comes to the access and provision of e-health services, there is shared concern for the security of the data and for the training deficiencies of users and doctors. An adequate design of the applications becomes a condition for the acceptance and diffusion of technologies that support online health. Conclusions Health authorities should intensify the use of new technologies oriented towards easing the work of doctors, simplifying bureaucratic tasks, providing diagnostic and prescription security, and protecting data. As long as systems generate failures and mistrust, new technologies will remain to be perceived as a complement, but not as an alternative to the traditional care model.Esta investigación se ha realizado en el marco del proyecto “Brecha Digital e Inhibidores en la Implementación del e-Gobierno: Especial Impacto en el Ámbito de la Salud”, financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (CSO2014-53014-R)

Nonclonal Chromosomal Aberrations Induced by Anti-Tumoral Regimens in Childhood Cancer: Relationship with Cancer-Related Genes and Fragile Sites

Cytogenetic studies were performed on 80 pediatric cancer patients to observe the chromosomal damage, both quantitative and qualitative, induced by chemotherapy. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) (n = 127) were obtained at diagnosis, during treatment, at remission, and at relapse, and chromosome analysis performed utilizing G-banding standard procedures. The results show a significant increase in the number of altered karyotypes (P = 0.03) in the samples during treatment, returning to values that were similar to those at diagnosis at 2-year remission. Most of the chromosomal aberrations (CA) detected during the chemotherapy regimens were nonclonal, unbalanced (75%), and involved chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 6, 11, 12, 16, and 17 most frequently. There was also a marked increase of CA in samples at relapse with very similar features (type and distribution) to those detected during treatment. There was a good correlation between the chromosomal breakpoints in our series and fragile sites (58%), oncogene (75%), and tumor suppressor gene (33%) loci described in the literature. The results obtained suggest that cytostatic drugs induce a transient increase in chromosome fragility occurring at several cancer-associated breakpoints

La RSE como mecanismo de participación, análisis y apoyo para determinar acciones en la empresa Alpina S.A

Enlace al código de ética y formato de recolección de datos.Se determina la ejecución del diagnóstico de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE) en la organización de productos Alimenticios Alpina S.A, por tratarse de una compañía reconocida tanto en Colombia como en otros países donde también hace presencia con sus productos, los cuales son reconocidos y preferidos por gran parte de la población, teniendo en cuenta la trayectoria y los procesos que se realizan para obtener los productos en las diferentes plantas, se opta por su estudio, para lo cual se hace necesario dar inicio a un proceso de búsqueda de información, análisis, recolección e interpretación de resultados, todo con la finalidad de llegar a un plan de acción que permita realizar las mejoras pertinentes de acuerdo a los hallazgos obtenidos. De los trabajos realizados dentro de este estudio se destaca la realización del manual Ético para la entidad de Productos Alimenticios Alpina S.A, documento que busca establecer mecanismos y puntos de partida para que la operación de la compañía se encuentre regida por normas y políticas que permitan una total transparencia en sus funciones tanto a nivel interno como externo, permitiendo así que pueda continuar vigente como una de las compañías más recocidas por sus excelentes productos, innovación y trayectoria en el mercado de los lácteos (Alpina, 2017)The analysis process of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is carried out at the company Alpina Products Alimenticios SA, as it is a recognized company both in Colombia and in other countries where it is also present with its products, which are recognized and preferred by Great part of the population. Taking into account the trajectory and the processes that are carried out to obtain the products in the different plants, it is decided to study them, for which it is necessary to start a process of information search, analysis, collection and interpretation of results, all with the aim of arriving at an action plan that allows making the pertinent improvements according to the findings. Of the work carried out within this study, the Code of Ethics for the company Products Alimenticios Alpina SA stands out, a document that seeks to establish mechanisms and starting points so that the operation of the company is governed by rules and policies that allow a total transparency in its functions both internally and externally, thus allowing it to continue in force as one of the most well-established companies due to its excellent products, innovation and track record in the dairy market (Alpina, 2017)

Embryonic Amygdalar Transplants in Adult Rats with Motor Cortex Lesions: A Molecular and Electrophysiological Analysis

Transplants of embryonic nervous tissue ameliorate motor deficits induced by motor cortex lesions in adult animals. Restoration of lost brain functions has been recently shown in grafts of homotopic cortical origin, to be associated with a functional integration of the transplant after development of reciprocal host–graft connections. Nevertheless little is known about physiological properties or gene expression profiles of cortical implants with functional restorative capacity but no cortical origin. In this study, we show molecular and electrophysiological evidence supporting the functional development and integration of heterotopic transplants of embryonic amygdalar tissue placed into pre-lesioned motor cortex of adult rats. Grafts were analyzed 3 months post-transplantation. Using reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we found that key glutamatergic, GABAergic, and muscarinic receptors transcripts were expressed at different quantitative levels both in grafted and host tissues, but were all continuously present in the graft. Parallel sharp electrode recordings of grafted neurons in brain slices showed a regular firing pattern of transplanted neurons similar to host amygdalar pyramidal neurons. Synaptic connections from the adjacent host cortex on grafted neurons were electrophysiologically investigated and confirmed our molecular results. Taken together, our findings indicate that grafted neurons from a non-cortical, non-motor-related, but ontogenetical similar source, not only received functionally effective contacts from the adjacent motor cortex, but also developed electrophysiological and gene expression patterns comparable to host pyramidal neurons; suggesting an interesting tool for the field of neural repair and donor tissue in adults

Influência de um software educacional na consolidação do aprendizado de superfícies quádricas

Three-dimensional analytical geometry is important in multivariate calculus courses, but students have difficulty learning it. We present results from a research on learning quadric surfaces by means of a didactical intervention based on the 3-dimensional dynamic educational software GAnalitica3D. We analyze the influence of the constructivist and collaborative nature of teaching and the visualization skills necessary to interact with the software. The experimentation was carried out with university students, who solved the problems in small groups and then made whole group discussions. We report on the assessment of students’ initial knowledge carried out and present examples of solutions in which the progress and difficulties of students are demonstrated. We conclude that the software allows students to comprehensively relate the algebraic and visual representations of quadric surfaces, which facilitates their learning.La geometría analítica 3-dimensional es importante en los cursos de cálculo multivariado, no obstante los estudiantes tienen dificultades para su aprendizaje. Presentamos resultados de una investigación sobre aprendizaje de las superficies cuádricas mediante una intervención didáctica basada en el software dinámico 3-dimensional educativo GAnalitica3D. Analizamos la influencia del carácter constructivista y colaborativo de la enseñanza y de las habilidades de visualización necesarias para interactuar con el software. La experimentación se realizó con estudiantes universitarios, que resolvían los problemas en pequeños grupos y después hacían puestas en común. Informamos sobre la evaluación de conocimientos previos realizada y mostramos ejemplos de resoluciones en las que se aprecian el progreso y las dificultades de los estudiantes. Concluimos que el software permite relacionar comprensivamente las representaciones algebraica y visual de las superficies cuádricas, lo cual facilita su aprendizaje.A geometria analítica tridimensional é importante em cursos de cálculo multivariado, porém os alunos têm dificuldade em aprendê-la. Apresentamos os resultados de uma investigação sobre a aprendizagem de superfícies quádricas por meio de uma intervenção didática baseada no software educacional dinâmico tridimensional GAnalitica3D. Analisamos a influência da natureza construtivista e colaborativa do ensino e as habilidades de visualização necessárias para interagir com o software. A experimentação foi realizada com estudantes universitários, que resolveram os problemas em pequenos grupos e depois compartilharam. Relatamos a avaliação de conhecimentos prévios dos alunos realizada e apresentamos exemplos de resoluções em que são apreciados os avanços e dificuldades dos alunos. Concluímos que o software permite relacionar de forma abrangente as representações algébricas e visuais de superfícies quádricas, o que facilita a sua aprendizagem

Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Cancer Syndrome in Spain: Clinical and Genetic Characterization

Simple Summary Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) syndrome is a very rare hereditary disorder characterized by cutaneous leiomyomas (CLMs), uterine leiomyomas (ULMs), renal cysts (RCys) and renal cell cancer (RCC), with no data on its prevalence worldwide. No genotype-phenotype associations have been described. The aim of our study was to describe the genotypic and phenotypic features of the largest series of patients with HLRCC from Spain reported to date. Of 27 FH germline pathogenic variants, 12 were not previously reported in databases. Patients with missense pathogenic variants showed higher frequencies of CLMs, ULMs and RCys, than those with loss-of-function variants. The frequency of RCCs (10.9%) was lower than those reported in the previously published series. Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer syndrome (HLRCC) is a very rare hereditary disorder characterized by cutaneous leiomyomas (CLMs), uterine leiomyomas (ULMs), renal cysts (RCys) and renal cell cancers (RCCs). We aimed to describe the genetics, clinical features and potential genotype-phenotype associations in the largest cohort of fumarate hydratase enzyme mutation carriers known from Spain using a multicentre, retrospective study of individuals with a genetic or clinical diagnosis of HLRCC. We collected clinical information from medical records, analysed genetic variants and looked for genotype-phenotype associations. Analyses were performed using R 3.6.0. software. We included 197 individuals: 74 index cases and 123 relatives. CLMs were diagnosed in 65% of patients, ULMs in 90% of women, RCys in 37% and RCC in 10.9%. Twenty-seven different pathogenic variants were detected, 12 (44%) of them not reported previously. Patients with missense pathogenic variants showed higher frequencies of CLMs, ULMs and RCys, than those with loss-of-function variants (p = 0.0380, p = 0.0015 and p = 0.024, respectively). This is the first report of patients with HLRCC from Spain. The frequency of RCCs was lower than those reported in the previously published series. Individuals with missense pathogenic variants had higher frequencies of CLMs, ULMs and RCys

La politización de las estructuras administrativas de las Comunidades Autónomas

Este artículo está referido al estudio del nivel político-administrativo de las CC AA. ¿Sepuede hablar de politización de las estructuras administrativas de las Comunidades Autónomas?Para responder a esta pregunta necesitamos unos indicadores que sirvan paramedirlo. En este paper se intenta dar algunos pasos en este sentido analizando el númerode altos cargos de la CC AA, el personal eventual, los puestos de libre designación,etcétera.<br /