Arquitecturas textuales: la invención visual a través de la recepción de la narrativa

The emulation of architectures from other architectures is the general source of inspiration for architectural creation. Mimesis exercises based on narrated architectures are much more complex, to the extent that words leave spots of indeterminacy that are difficult to fill in for the recipient. The ways of bridging the textual gaps to recreate buildings which are coded only in words allow us to discuss reception theories, typically literary, from the perspective of their connections with architecture. This research analyzes the role of the “model reader” of architecture and his possibilities as an emulator agent of architectures that have come to us through written texts.La emulación de arquitecturas a partir de otras arquitecturas es la fuente general de inspiración para la creación arquitectónica. Mucho más complejos resultan los ejercicios de mímesis a partir de arquitecturas narradas, en la medida en la que la palabra deja al receptor espacios de indeterminación difíciles de completar. Los modos de salvar las lagunas textuales para recrear edificios existentes solo en el verbo permiten discutir las teorías de la recepción, típicamente literarias, desde la perspectiva de sus conexiones con la arquitectura. En la presente investigación se analiza el papel del “lector modelo” de arquitectura y sus posibilidades como agente emulador de arquitecturas que nos han llegado a través de los textos escritos

Revisiting the rearrangement of Dewar thiophenes

Indexación: Scopus.The mechanism for the walk rearrangement in Dewar thiophenes has been clarified theoretically by studying the evolution of chemical bonds along the intrinsic reaction coordinates. Substituent effects on the overall mechanism are assessed by using combinations of the ring (R = H, CF3) and traveling (X = S, S = O, and CH2) groups. The origins of fluxionality in the S-oxide of perfluorotetramethyl Dewar thiophene are uncovered in this work. Dewar rearrangements are chemical processes that occur with a high degree of synchronicity. These changes are directly related to the activation energy.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/2/28

Remote monitoring and automatic analysis of phonocardiographic signals in climbing of high mountains

The climbing of high mountains, like the Himalayas, comes accompanied, as result of the deficit of oxygen, of certain changes of the hemodynamics, that can derive sometimes in High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE). With the objective to analyze the cardiological effects of that hemodynamics changes, a satellite monitoring of phonocardiographic (PCG) signals and pulseoxymetric data of a mountain climber was made during the development of the climbing to the Broad Peak, of 8,047 meters, located in the mountain range of the Karakorum, in Pakistan. Using an electronic estethoscope, signals were registered and sent to the hospital medical staff in Murcia by means of satellite phone, to be compared with basal registers. Different techniques for analysis in frequency and time domains were developed, mainly to detect and measure the first and second heart sounds and to observe possible modifications in the phonocardiographic patterns related to the altitude and pulseoxymetric data.This work has been partially supported by Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología of Spain, under grant TIC2003- 09400-C04-02

Impacto de la estimulación subtalámica a largo plazo sobre la situación cognitiva de los pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson avanzada

Objetivo El objetivo es evaluar los efectos de la estimulación cerebral profunda del núcleo subtalámico bilateral (STN-DBS) sobre el estado cognitivo de los pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson 5 años después de la cirugía. Materiales y métodos En este estudio prospectivo se incluyeron 50 pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson (62,5% hombres, edad media 62,2 ± 8,2 años y duración de la enfermedad 14,1 ± 6,3 años) sometidos a STN-DBS. Todos los pacientes fueron evaluados preoperatoriamente y un año después de la cirugía, y 40 pacientes fueron seguidos hasta 5 años. En cada visita se realizaron las siguientes evaluaciones neuropsicológicas: Mini-Mental State Examination, Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS), test de secuencias números-letras de WAIS III-LN, Prueba de dibujo de reloj, Prueba de aprendizaje verbal auditivo Rey, la Prueba de retención visual de Benton, la Prueba de juicio de orientación de línea de Benton, la fluidez verbal fonética y semántica, la Prueba Stroop y la Escala de clasificación de depresión de Montgomery-Asberg. Resultados Anualmente se observaron reducciones en la puntación de Mini-Mental State Examination (–0,89%), Prueba del dibujo de reloj (–2,61%) y MDRS (–1,72%), fueron más marcados tanto para la fluidez verbal fonética (–13,28%) como semántica (–12,40%). Para la Prueba de aprendizaje verbal auditivo Rey observamos un deterioro en la capacidad de recuerdo diferido (–10,12%) un año después de la cirugía. A los 5 años la mayor parte del deterioro se produjo en la fluidez verbal, con reducciones adicionales de 16,10% y 16,60% para la fluidez verbal semántica y fonética, respectivamente. Se observó un empeoramiento más moderado del recuerdo inmediato (–16,87%), WAIS III-LN (–16,67%) y de la prueba de orientación lineal de Benton (–11,56%). Discusión La STN-DBS no condujo a deterioro cognitivo global a los 5 años de la cirugía. Hubo un deterioro significativo en la función verbal desde el primer año de la cirugía. El deterioro de la capacidad de aprendizaje y de las funciones visuoespaciales podría atribuirse al propio proceso degenerativo de la enfermedad.This study was partially funded by research grant INT-BC2016-1 from Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute

Relationship Between Glucocerebrosidase Activity and Clinical Response to Enzyme Replacement Therapy in Patients With Gaucher Disease Type I

The quantification of enzyme activity in the patient treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has been suggested as a tool for dosage individualization, so we conducted a study to evaluate the relationship between glucocerebrosidase activity and clinical response in patients with Gaucher disease type I (GD1) to ERT. The study included patients diagnosed with GD1, who were being treated with ERT, and healthy individuals. Markers based on glucocerebrosidase activity measurement in patients’ leucocytes were studied: enzyme activity at 15 min. post-infusion (Act75) reflects the amount of enzyme that is distributed in the body post-ERT infusion, and accumulated glucocerebrosidase activity during ERT infusion (Act75-0) indicates the total drug exposure during infusion. The clinical response was evaluated based on criteria established by Pastores et al. and Gaucher Severity Score Index. Statistical analysis included ROC analysis and area under the curve test. Act75 and Act75-0 were found to be moderate predictive markers of an optimal clinical response (area under the ROC of Act75 was 0.733 and Act75-0 was 0.817). Act75-0 showed statistical significance in its discriminative capacity (p < 0.05) for obtaining an optimal response to ERT. The cut-off point was 58% (RR = 1.800; 95% CI: 1.003–3.229; p < 0.05). Moreover, Act75 showed a significant and inverse correlation with the Gaucher Severity Score Index, and Act75 and Act75-0 presented a significant correlation with residual enzyme activity at diagnosis. Markers based on glucocerebrosidase activity have a good correlation with clinical response to ERT. Therefore, it could provide supporting clinical data for dose management in GD1 patients

Contribution of the a-baumannii A1S_0114 gene to the interaction with eukaryotic cells and virulence

Genetic and functional studies showed that some components of the Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 17978 A1S_0112-A1S_0119 gene cluster are critical for biofilm biogenesis and surface motility. Recently, our group has shown that the A1S_0114 gene was involved in biofilm formation, a process related with pathogenesis. Confirming our previous results, microscopy images revealed that the ATCC 17978 10114 derivative lacking this gene was unable to form a mature biofilm structure. Therefore, other bacterial phenotypes were analyzed to determine the role of this gene in the pathogenicity of A. baumannii ATCC 17978. The interaction of the ATCC 17978 parental strain and the 10114 mutant with A549 human alveolar epithelial cells was quantified revealing that the A1S_0114 gene was necessary for proper attachment to A549 cells. This dependency correlates with the negative effect of the A1S_0114 deletion on the expression of genes coding for surface proteins and pili-assembly systems, which are known to play a role in adhesion. Three different experimental animal models, including vertebrate and invertebrate hosts, confirmed the role of the A1S_0114 gene in virulence. All of the experimental infection assays indicated that the virulence of the ATCC 17978 was significantly reduced when this gene was inactivated. Finally, we discovered that the A1S_0114 gene was involved in the production of a small lipopeptide-like compound herein referred to as acinetin 505 (Ac-505). Ac-505 was isolated from ATCC 17978 spent media and its chemical structure was interpreted by mass spectrometry. Overall, our observations provide novel information on the role of the A1S_0114 gene in A. baumannii’s pathobiology and lay the foundation for future work to determine the mechanisms by which Ac-505, or possibly an Ac-505 precursor, could execute critical functions as a secondary metaboliteS

Partial replacement of starch with acid detergent fibre and/or neutral detergent soluble fibre at two protein levels: Effects on ileal apparent digestibility and caecal environment of growing rabbits

[EN] The effects of the composition of pen-weaning diets on apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients and caecal environment were studied in growing rabbits. Eight diets were formulated according to a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design to increase acid detergent fibre (ADF) from 230 to 290 g kg(-1) dry matter (DM) at the expense of mainly starch, to increase neutral detergent soluble fibre (NDSF) from 145 to 185 g kg(-1) DM at the expense of mainly starch, and to reduce crude protein (CP) content from 175 to 145 g kg(-1) DM. A total of 32 litters of eight kits were randomly assigned to the diets at 17 days of age, weaned at 28 days of age and slaughtered at 35 days of age to collect samples of ileal and caecal contents. The substitution of ADF for starch reduced the coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) of DM (0.292 vs. 0.229; P <0.01). The substitution of NDSF for starch increased the CAID of NDSF (-0.040 vs. 0.099; P < 0.01). An interaction between dietary ADF and NDSF levels was found for the CAID of CP, higher in the low ADF-low NDSF diets than in the rest (+0.074; P <0.05). The reduction of dietary CP content decreased the CAID of CP (0.578 vs. 0.525; P < 0.05) and NDSF (0.086 vs. -0.038; P <0.01). Interactions between dietary ADF and NDSF levels were found affecting full caecum weight as well as DM content and pH of caecal digesta. The increase of ADF in the high NDSF diets reduced full caecum weight (-9.1 g kg(-1) live weight; P < 0.01), increased DM content of caecal digesta (+31 g kg(-1); P <0.001) and reduced caecal pH (- 0.10; P < 0.05). In the low NDSF diets, higher ADF increased DM content of caecal digesta to a lesser extent (+16 g kg(-1); P < 0.001) and increased caecal pH (+0.08; P <0.05). The increase of NDSF in the high ADF diets increased full caecum weight (+8.5 g kg(-1) live weight; P <0.01) and reduced caecal pH (-0.14; P <0.001). In the low ADF diets, higher NDSF increased full caecum weight more extensively (+15.5 g kg(-1) live weight; P < 0.001) and reduced DM content of caecal digesta (-16 g kg(-1); P <0.001). Both ADF and NDSF replacing starch increased total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration of caecal digesta (+11.5% and +13.9%, respectively; P < 0.01). The replacement with NDSF increased molar proportion of butyrate (0.095 vs. 0.112; P <0.001) at the expense of mainly acetate (0.841 vs. 0.820; P <0.001) and reduced ammonia concentration of caecal digesta (-8.1%; P < 0.05). The reduction of dietary CP content decreased total VFA (-14.4%; P < 0.001) and ammonia (-23.5%; P < 0.001) concentrations of caecal digesta and increased caecal pH (5.87 vs. 5.93; P <0.05). Overall, the three dietary changes under study led to changes in the caecal environment which might be effective in reducing mortality rate in a context of rabbit epizootic enteropathy. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Financial support was provided by the Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia of Spain (Proyecto AGL2006-07596). Authors thank J. Garcia from the Universidad Politecnica de Madrid (Spain) for the analyses of ytterbium.Martínez Vallespín, B.; Martinez-Paredes, E.; Ródenas Martínez, L.; Moya, V.; Cervera Fras, MC.; Pascual Amorós, JJ.; Blas Ferrer, E. (2013). Partial replacement of starch with acid detergent fibre and/or neutral detergent soluble fibre at two protein levels: Effects on ileal apparent digestibility and caecal environment of growing rabbits. Livestock Science. 154(1-3):123-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2013.02.012S1231301541-

Integrando escalas y métodos LTER para comprender la dinámica global de un espacio protegido de montaña: el Parque Nacional de Ordesa y Monte Perdido.

Los espacios protegidos, por el hecho de albergar una gran geo-biodiversidad y asegurar una baja intervención humana, constituyen lugares muy adecuados para el seguimiento de organismos y procesos a escala ecológica, así como para la obtención de series temporales largas a escala geológica. En el marco de la red LTER-España, el Parque Nacional de Ordesa y Monte Perdido (PNOMP) y el Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología-CSIC están impulsando estudios para la detección de cambios a distintas escalas mediante variados métodos y aproximaciones. Destacamos aquí los más consolidados, entre los que se encuentran los análisis de registros de sedimentos en lagos, espeleotemas en cuevas, la dinámica de uno de los pocos glaciares activos de la Península ibérica, el análisis físico-químico de aguas corrientes e ibones de alta montaña, el registro del cambio climático actual en árboles longevos, la afección que éste ejerce sobre masas actuales de pinos en el límite superior del bosque y de abetales en zonas húmedas, la matorralización de algunos pastos y los procesos mecanicistas que subyacen, la reorganización de la diversidad florística en pastos tras el abandono paulatino o drástico de la ganadería, la biodiversidad de las comunidades alpinas y la dinámica poblacional de especies amenazadas o indicadoras de hábitats o de motores de cambio global. Los seguimientos ecológicos actuales muestran que tanto el cambio climático como el de usos del suelo están teniendo una considerable trascendencia en la fisionomía y la estructura de algunos de los ambientes más icónicos y frecuentes del parque (deterioro del glaciar, termofilización de la flora en cumbres alpinas, densificación del bosque en su límite superior, pérdida de productividad en algunos pastos supraforestales, etc.). También sugieren una importante variabilidad espacial en los procesos (por ej. en el PNOMP conviven pastos matorralizados y pastos muy estables), y evidencian que los cambios observados no siempre siguen los paradigmas establecidos (por ej., las especies amenazadas mantienen dinámicas poblacionales estables). La integración de resultados parciales proporcionados por cada aproximación relativiza la importancia de las percepciones que cada estudio destaca por separado, y permite medir los cambios actuales en el marco de referencia de los cambios a escala geológica.Predecir la resistencia y resiliencia de los ecosistemas o las poblaciones de seres vivos para enfrentarse a los futuros cambios ambientales es complicado, no sólo por la falta de conocimientos disponibles sino también porque las respuestas que observamos no siempre son tan rápidas o lineales como se espera. La modelización constituye una herramienta cada vez más utilizada, pero requiere de evidencias reales para validar sus pronósticos, por lo que la observación de los procesos que actúan en el PNOMP ha de incluir un esfuerzo continuado de monitorización multiescalar y multidisciplinar de los distintos componentes de la geo, hidro-, crio- y biosfera, sin olvidar el componente humano. Entender la complejidad supone conectar las interacciones que existen entre todos los sistemas y ponderar sus efectos según las escalas de trabajo

Molecular diagnosis of Pseudoterranova decipiens s.s in human, France

Background: Anisakis and Pseudoterranova are the main genera involved in human infections caused by nematodes of the Anisakidae family. Species identification is complicated due to the lack of differential morphological characteristics at the larval stage, thus requiring molecular differentiation. Pseudoterranova larvae ingested through raw fish are spontaneously eliminated in most cases, but mechanical removal by means of endoscopy might be required. To date, only very few cases of Pseudoterranova infection have been reported in France. Case presentation: A 19-year-old woman from Northeastern France detected, while brushing her teeth, a larva exiting through her mouth. The patient who presented with headache, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps reported having eaten baked cod. The worm was a fourth-stage larva with a size of 22 × 0.9 mm, and molecular biology identified it as Pseudoterranova decipiens sensu stricto (s. s.). In a second P. decipiens infection case, occurring a few months later, a worm exited through the patient’s nose after she had eaten raw sea bream. Conclusion: These two cases demonstrate that Pseudoterranova infection is not uncommon among French patients. Therefore, molecular techniques should be more widely applied for a better characterization of anisakidosis epidemiology in France