Multiple necking pattern in nonlinear elastic bars subjected to dynamic stretching: the role of defects and inertia

In this paper we explore the inception and development of multiple necks in incompressible nonlinear elastic bars subjected to dynamic stretching. The goal is to elucidate the role played by a spatial-localized defect of the strain rate field in the necking pattern that emerges in the bars at large strains. For that task, we have used two different approaches: (1) finite element simulations and (2) linear stability analyses. The finite element simulations have revealed that, while the defect of the strain rate field speeds up the development of the necking pattern in the late stages of the localization process, the characteristic (average) neck spacing is largely independent of the defect within a wide range of defect amplitudes. The numerical results have been rationalized with the linear stability analyses, which enabled to explain the average spacing characterizing the necking pattern at high strain rates. Moreover, the numerical calculations have also shown that, due to inertia effects, the core of the localization process occurs during the post-uniform deformation regime of the bar, at strains larger than the one based on the Considère criterion. This phenomenon of neck retardation is shown to have a meaningful influence on the necking pattern.AVR and JARM are indebted to the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España (Projects EUIN2015-62556 and DPI2014- 57989-P ) for the financial support which permitted to conduct part of this work. AM and JARM acknowledge the support by the French State through the program Investment in the future operated by the National Research Agency (ANR) and referenced by ANR-11-LABX- 0 0 08-01 (LabEx DAMAS). The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon2020 Programme (Excellent Sci- ence, Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions) under REA grant agreement 675602 (Project OUTCOME)

When The News Was Sung: Ballads as News Media in Early Modern Europe

News songs differ in crucial ways to the other news media of the early modern period like newsletters, newspapers, or diplomatic correspondence – they differ even from the prose broadsheets and pamphlets that they so closely resemble. As historians of news we need to ask different kinds of questions of these multi-media artifacts. For example, how does the presentation in a performative genre affect the dissemination and reception of information about events? What part do orality and aurality play in how the news was sold and received? Here the activities and social status of street singers play an important role. We must consider the production, format and distribution of these songs in order to understand their impact. We also need to pay attention to the conjunction between text and melody, and the ways in which this affected the presentation of a news event. On a broader scale, what kind of information can ballads provide about specific news events that other documents cannot or will not provide? Can they offer us a new medium by which to interpret historical events? And lastly, how should historians deal with these profoundly emotive texts? The combination of sensationalist language and affecting music meant that songs had the potential to provoke a more powerful response than any other contemporary news source, and this emotional potency can at times be challenging for a modern historian to decipher and explain. This article will attempt to answer some of these questions and suggest some of the skills we as historians need to develop in order to appreciate the full meaning of songs as the most popular of news media in early modern Europe

Effects of eight neuropsychiatric copy number variants on human brain structure

Many copy number variants (CNVs) confer risk for the same range of neurodevelopmental symptoms and psychiatric conditions including autism and schizophrenia. Yet, to date neuroimaging studies have typically been carried out one mutation at a time, showing that CNVs have large effects on brain anatomy. Here, we aimed to characterize and quantify the distinct brain morphometry effects and latent dimensions across 8 neuropsychiatric CNVs. We analyzed T1-weighted MRI data from clinically and non-clinically ascertained CNV carriers (deletion/duplication) at the 1q21.1 (n = 39/28), 16p11.2 (n = 87/78), 22q11.2 (n = 75/30), and 15q11.2 (n = 72/76) loci as well as 1296 non-carriers (controls). Case-control contrasts of all examined genomic loci demonstrated effects on brain anatomy, with deletions and duplications showing mirror effects at the global and regional levels. Although CNVs mainly showed distinct brain patterns, principal component analysis (PCA) loaded subsets of CNVs on two latent brain dimensions, which explained 32 and 29% of the variance of the 8 Cohen’s d maps. The cingulate gyrus, insula, supplementary motor cortex, and cerebellum were identified by PCA and multi-view pattern learning as top regions contributing to latent dimension shared across subsets of CNVs. The large proportion of distinct CNV effects on brain morphology may explain the small neuroimaging effect sizes reported in polygenic psychiatric conditions. Nevertheless, latent gene brain morphology dimensions will help subgroup the rapidly expanding landscape of neuropsychiatric variants and dissect the heterogeneity of idiopathic conditions

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Cris nouveaux

Mercier Louis-Sébastien. Cris nouveaux. In: Littérature, n°69, 1988. Intertextualité et révolution. pp. 111-112

Paris, ein Gemälde von Mercier

verdeutscht von Bernh. Georg Walch, Herzoglich Sachsen-Koburg-Meiningischen Rath und Aufseher über die BibliothekVorlageform der Veröffentlichungsangabe: Leipzig, im Schwickertschen Verlage ...Erschienen: 1 (1783) - 8 (1784