Uso de herramientas CASE para la gestión de proyectos de software

En consideración de la constante actualización de las tecnologías emergentes que la práctica cotidiana requiere dentro de este campo, el presente trabajo presenta un compendio que resume una muestra de aplicaciones de apoyo al desarrollo e ingeniería de programas de cómputo, denominadas herramientas CASE, por sus siglas en inglés, tomando en consideración también un enfoque didáctico y la contribución que estas brindan al gestor o líder de proyecto de desarrollo de sistemas, se han agrupado por tipo de tecnología y en categorías de acuerdo a las distintas etapas que posee el ciclo de vida de un software, así como su colaboración en la metodología a implementar.Palabra(s) Clave(s): Desarrollo de software, metodología, ciclo de vida, CAS

Multicentric study of cervical cancer screening with human papillomavirus testing and assessment of triage methods in Latin America : the ESTAMPA screening study protocol

Q1Q1Introduction Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is replacing cytology in primary screening. Its limited specificity demands using a second (triage) test to better identify women at high-risk of cervical disease. Cytology represents the immediate triage but its low sensitivity might hamper HPV testing sensitivity, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), where cytology performance has been suboptimal. The ESTAMPA (EStudio multicéntrico de TAMizaje y triaje de cáncer de cuello uterino con pruebas del virus del PApiloma humano; Spanish acronym) study will: (1) evaluate the performance of different triage techniques to detect cervical precancer and (2) inform on how to implement HPV-based screening programmes in LMIC. Methods and analysis Women aged 30–64 years are screened with HPV testing and Pap across 12 study centres in Latin America. Screened positives have colposcopy with biopsy and treatment of lesions. Women with no evident disease are recalled 18 months later for another HPV test; those HPV-positive undergo colposcopy with biopsy and treatment as needed. Biological specimens are collected in different visits for triage testing, which is not used for clinical management. The study outcome is histological high-grade squamous intraepithelial or worse lesions (HSIL+) under the lower anogenital squamous terminology. About 50 000 women will be screened and 500 HSIL+ cases detected (at initial and 18 months screening). Performance measures (sensitivity, specificity and predictive values) of triage techniques to detect HSIL+ will be estimated and compared with adjustment by age and study centre. Ethics and dissemination The study protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), of the Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO) and by those in each participating centre. A Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) has been established to monitor progress of the study, assure participant safety, advice on scientific conduct and analysis and suggest protocol improvements. Study findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific meetings. Trial registration number NCT01881659Revista Internacional - Indexad

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL Y SOCIEDAD. SABERES LOCALES PARA EL DESARROLLO Y LA SUSTENTABILIDAD

Este texto contribuye al análisis científico de varias áreas del conocimiento como la filosofía social, la patología, la educación para el cuidado del medio ambiente y la sustentabilidad que inciden en diversas unidades de aprendizaje de la Licenciatura en Educación para la Salud y de la Maestría en Sociología de la SaludLas comunidades indígenas de la sierra norte de Oaxaca México, habitan un territorio extenso de biodiversidad. Sin que sea una área protegida y sustentable, la propia naturaleza de la región ofrece a sus visitantes la riqueza de la vegetación caracterizada por sus especies endémicas que componen un paisaje de suma belleza

La milpa comedero-trampa como una estrategia de cacería tradicional maya

The Maya conceive hunting as an integrated activity within their productive system. In this study, we draw attention to the use of slash-and-burn agriculture to capture wild fauna. The milpa comedero-trampa (the "milpa trough-trap"), as we have named it, is described and delimited as a habitat management practice in which cultivating is only done to enable hunting, and not to obtain cultivated products. The technical components and social organization involved in this variant or subsystem of the milpa are characterized, including its reduced size (1-3 mecates), the absence of burning or its restriction, the secondary role of Zea mays, or their individual nature. In a milpa comedero-trampa agriculture and hunting form a technological link to obtain prey in a specialized space (different from the conventional ix kool or milpa convencional, as it is referred to here).Los mayas conciben la cacería como una práctica integrada al resto de las actividades dentro de su sistema productivo. En el presente estudio resaltamos el uso que hacen de la agricultura de roza-tumba-quema para cazar. Se describe y delimita la que hemos denominado como "milpa comedero-trampa": práctica de manejo del hábitat donde la siembra de cultivos agrícolas interesa exclusivamente para atraer y cazar determinadas especies de vertebrados terrestres, no para obtener cosechas para autoconsumo. Se caracterizan los componentes técnicos y la organización social involucrada que identifican a esta variante o subsistema de milpa, como su reducido tamaño (entre 1-3 mecates), la ausencia de la fase de quema o que ésta es microlocalizada, que el maíz (Zea mays) no es el cultivo primordial, o que la milpa es de carácter enteramente individual, entre otros. En una milpa comedero-trampa, la agricultura y la cacería constituyen un nexo tecnológico para obtener presas en un espacio muy especializado dentro del territorio (que no es la típica ix kool o, como la llamaremos aquí, milpa convencional)

La gestión de la responsabilidad social en las universidades Iberoamericanas

La presente aportación recoge el trabajo de 47 especialistas de 14 países iberoamericanos que aportan sus estudios y valoraciones sobre la temática. Se proporciona así una visión amplia del desarrollo de esta en los distintos países, proporcionando para cada uno de ellos referencias normativas, la realidad en sus universidades, algún ejemplo relevante y algunas reflexiones y propuestas para la mejora. Se cumple así y una vez más el compromiso social de la Red de Apoyo a la Gestión Educativa (RedAGE) de emitir un informe anual sobre aspectos relevantes de la organización y gestión de la educación. La temática y estructura del informe fue debatido y aprobado en la reunión anual celebrada en Barcelona el 9 de abril de 2019, donde también se analizaron algunas de las problemáticas y retos que la vinculación con el entorno supone para los administradores y gestores de las universidades. Las diferentes aportaciones tratan de reflejar la realidad en los distintos países desde los redactores de los informes nacionales. El propósito no es tanto el de identificar todas las realizaciones existentes como el de conocer aportaciones significativas y tener una valoración cualificada de la realidad y perspectivas en la temática abordada. Esperemos se haya cumplido el propósito mencionado y el resultado sea de interés para los especialistas e interesados

Multicentric study of cervical cancer screening with human papillomavirus testing and assessment of triage methods in Latin America: the ESTAMPA screening study protocol.

IntroductionHuman papillomavirus (HPV) testing is replacing cytology in primary screening. Its limited specificity demands using a second (triage) test to better identify women at high-risk of cervical disease. Cytology represents the immediate triage but its low sensitivity might hamper HPV testing sensitivity, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), where cytology performance has been suboptimal. The ESTAMPA (EStudio multicéntrico de TAMizaje y triaje de cáncer de cuello uterino con pruebas del virus del PApiloma humano; Spanish acronym) study will: (1) evaluate the performance of different triage techniques to detect cervical precancer and (2) inform on how to implement HPV-based screening programmes in LMIC.Methods and analysisWomen aged 30-64 years are screened with HPV testing and Pap across 12 study centres in Latin America. Screened positives have colposcopy with biopsy and treatment of lesions. Women with no evident disease are recalled 18 months later for another HPV test; those HPV-positive undergo colposcopy with biopsy and treatment as needed. Biological specimens are collected in different visits for triage testing, which is not used for clinical management. The study outcome is histological high-grade squamous intraepithelial or worse lesions (HSIL+) under the lower anogenital squamous terminology. About 50 000 women will be screened and 500 HSIL+ cases detected (at initial and 18 months screening). Performance measures (sensitivity, specificity and predictive values) of triage techniques to detect HSIL+ will be estimated and compared with adjustment by age and study centre.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), of the Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO) and by those in each participating centre. A Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) has been established to monitor progress of the study, assure participant safety, advice on scientific conduct and analysis and suggest protocol improvements. Study findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific meetings.Trial registration numberNCT01881659

Compilación de Proyectos de Investigacion de 1984-2002

Instituto Politecnico Nacional. UPIICS