Filantropia empresarial e educação brasileira no contexto da crise estrutural do capital: A Fundação Bradesco no centro do debate

The theme displayed here purposes to make a review of corporate philanthropy, mainly to education as deforming and tendentious mechanism for social cooptation that the capitalist system offers the working class. It is put as a solution to face the reverberations of capital's structural crisis, the insertion and acceptance of "civil society" represented by the business community, in a transfer movement of social responsibilities. In light of Marxist treadmill, the work investigates, in these terms, the considered third sector and its role in society by providing public and nonstate services. Making a cut in our object, in view of the numerous institutions that present themselves nowadays as philanthropic, we chose to make the main focus in the activity performed by Banco Bradesco (Bradesco Bank) and its coorporation: Fundação Bradesco. Put this issue, we left for proof of questions put through a theoretical and bibliographical research and document the concerns that reality required us. In the methodological field we understand that reality is composed of its many contrarieties and be built by men, has historicity, which is why it is necessary to maintain constant approaches in favor of not losing touch with reality. In general ,the corporate philanthropy directed for education masks the exploration of the working class, with social actions presented as humanised , coperation and social responsibility. However, we note that the Bradesco Foundation expressed an ideology of citizen corporate with responsibilities.A temática ora aqui apresentada tem como objetivo fazer uma crítica à filantropia empresarial, sobretudo a educacional como mecanismo deformador e tendencioso de cooptação social que o sistema capitalista propõe à classe trabalhadora. É posto como solução para enfrentar as reverberações da crise estrutural do capital, a inserção e aceitação da “sociedade civil”, representada pelo empresariado, em um movimento de transferência de responsabilidades sociais. Á luz da esteira marxista, o trabalho investiga, nestes termos, o considerado terceiro setor e seu papel na sociedade ao fornecer serviços público-não-estatais. Fazendo um recorte em nosso objeto, tendo em vista as inúmeras instituições que se apresentam na contemporaneidade como filantrópicas, optamos por fazer o enfoque maior a atividade realizada pelo Banco Bradesco e sua organização: Fundação Bradesco. Lançada essa questão, partimos para a comprovação das questões colocadas por meio de uma pesquisa teórico-bibliográfica e documental as inquietações que a realidade nos exigia. No campo metodológico entendemos que a realidade é composta de suas inúmeras contrariedades e por ser construída pelos homens, possui consequentemente historicidade, razão pela qual se faz necessário manter aproximações constantes em favor de não perder o contato com o real. Em linhas gerais, a filantropia empresarial voltada para a educação máscara a exploração da classe trabalhadora, com ações sociais apresentadas como humanizadas, de cooperação e responsabilidade social

EDUCAÇÃO SEXUAL NO CONTEXTO ESCOLAR: ALGUMAS REFLEXÕES SOBRE ORIENTAÇÃO SEXUAL NAS ESCOLAS

A educação sexual é um conjunto de informações, orientações e aconselhamento que devem ser trabalhados nas escolas. Os professores têm um papel de suma importância no processo de aquisição de conhecimentos e valores e é fundamental que os pais busquem essas informações. Abordaremos esse tema na escola, dentro de uma visão biopsicossocial, falando sobre corpo, gênero, prevenção e respeito. Faz-se necessário o assunto educação sexual ser debatido com crianças e adolescentes para que as mesmas tenham consciência do próprio corpo e de seus limites. Falar sobre educação sexual não é falar de sexo, é sobre conhecer a si, sobre ter consciência de que ninguém sem sua permissão pode tocá-lo, é uma forma de orientar e prevenir da violência sexual. Dessa maneira, o objetivo desse projeto é sensibilizar e alertar aos pais e professores sobre a educação sexual e a importância do cuidado e alerta na infância, a implantação desse projeto contribui para que a criança tenha uma vida mais integrada, a conscientização e precaução da escola enquanto espaço social deve discutir sobre os preconceitos, tabus e crenças. É essencial que a escola de disponha a debater esse tema com os pais, dessa forma, nosso projeto se dá em uma construção de uma cartilha digital didática, estaremos disponibilizando a cartilha para professores e pais de ensino fundamental, o acesso será através dos meios digitais, nela, haverá informações, dicas de livros infantis, músicas e referências, faremos com que a mesma seja de caminho fácil a todos e chegue ao máximo de professores para que seja repassada aos pais dos alunos. O caminho é longo, sabemos que é um desafio constante no processo de educar, principalmente em um país onde a educação é desvalorizada, desejamos mudar a realidade do país, e a educação sexual não pode ficar de fora

Is playing string or wind musical instruments a risk factor for temporomandibular dysfunction? A Systematic Review.

Aim. Medical problems specifically affecting professional musicians are commonly mentioned in the literature. The present study is aimed to evaluate, through a systematic review, the possible association between the practice of string with bow and wind musical instruments and the occurrence of Temporomandibular Dysfunction (TMD). Methods. The search for articles was conducted in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Lilacs, Cochrane Library, and Open Gray databases, and there was no restriction on language or date of publication. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. The MeSH terms used were: "music"; "temporomandibular joint"; "temporomandibular joint disorders"; "temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome"; and "occupational diseases". Cross-sectional studies, case-control, cohort and clinical trials were included that involved the practice of string with bow and wind musical instruments and the occurrence of Temporomandibular Dysfunction (TMD). Articles were previously selected by title and abstract. Qualitative evaluation was done through the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results. The literature search identified 732 studies, of which 10 met the inclusion criteria, nine of them cross-sectional studies and one a clinical intervention study. The TMD prevalence ranged from 47.0% to 89.0%. Recruitment of participants took place in professional schools and orchestras, and in bands of professional musicians. All studies reported associations between TMD and the practice of musical instruments, and violinists presented higher prevalence rates when compared to other instrument groups. Conclusion. All studies pointed to a possible association between TMD and the practice of string and wind musical instruments. More longitudinal and clinical trials studies are needed to verify any possible interrelationship

A NATUROLOGIA NO BRASIL: AVANÇOS E DESAFIOS

Naturology is a new profession in Brazil, one which seeks to understand the human being in a multi-dimensionalway, and respect human singularity in its search for well-being, quality of life and health through a relationship of interagency and Complementary and Integrative Practices. The present dossier addresses a brief history of Complementary and Integrative Practices and Naturology in Brazil, the process of recognizing the occupation and regulation of the profession. The paper also explores the fields in which the naturologist is active, the bodies of professional representation, the main scientific events and important publications in the field. Finally, important documents are presented: the approval by the Brazilian Ministry of Education (MEC) of the existing courses, Statement of Purpose for opening undergraduate-level major in Naturology by a FederalUniversity, notices for public tendering, Proceedings of Brazilian Naturology Conferences and the Charter of Pedra Branca, which sets future guidelines for Naturology in Brazil.A naturologia é uma profissão recente no Brasil, a qual busca entendero ser-humano multidimensionalmente e respeitar a singularidade humana na busca de bem-estar, qualidade de vida e saúde através da relação de interagência e das Práticas Integrativas e Complementares.Este dossiê aborda um breve histórico das Práticas Integrativas e Complementares e Naturologia no Brasil, o processo de reconhecimentoda ocupação e regulamentação da profissão. O texto também explora os campos de atuação do naturólogo, órgãos de representação profissional, principais eventos científicos e publicações importantes da área. Por fim, são apresentados documentos importantes: Aprovaçãodo MEC dos cursos existentes, Carta de Intenção de abertura de curso superior de Naturologia por uma Universidade Federal, Editais de concursos públicos, Relatos de experiências de trabalhos de Naturólogosem instituições de renome nacional, Anais dos Congressos Brasileiros de Naturologia e Carta da Pedra Branca, a qual traça diretrizesfuturas para a Naturologia no Brasil

Depression, anxiety, stress, and social support: a cross-sectional study with caregivers of visually impaired children in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - Views-QoL Study.

We aimed to identify the reports of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress among caregivers of children without visual impairment, with low vision, and with blindness and their relationship with the degree of social, emotional, material, and affective support. This cross-sectional and multicenter study was conducted in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 2019 to 2020. A questionnaire was applied to obtain caregivers' sociodemographic and economic data. The Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale (MOS-SSS) and The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were used. Tests were used for multiple comparisons of these scales. The prevalence ratio of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress was estimated. Of all caregivers (N = 355), more than 90% were women-mothers. Caregivers of children with visual impairment show the highest proportion of no schooling, incomplete elementary education, or lower average monthly income. Most caregivers of children with blindness reported symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress (66.7%, 73.3%, and 80%, respectively) as did those of children with low vision. The evaluation of the relationship between MOS-SSS and DASS-21 results shows greater support and lower scores of reports of depression, anxiety, and stress for caregivers of children without disabilities or with less visual impairment. For caregivers of blind children, the highest prevalence of such reports was independent of the received support. Results indicate the need for a care policy with mechanisms to protect the mental health of caregivers of visually impaired children

a detailed view of the methodology

Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMD) are prevalent and leading causes of disability and consumption of healthcare and social resources. EpiReumaPt is a national population-based survey developed by the Portuguese Society of Rheumatology that aimed to estimate the prevalence of RMDs and determine their impact on function, quality of life, mental health and use of healthcare resources. This article describes in detail the design, methodology and planned analyses of EpiReumaPt. Recruitment started in September 2011 and finished in December 2013. This study involved a three-stage approach. The first step was a face-to-face survey performed by trained interviewers at the household of 10,661 subjects who where randomly selected by a stratified multistage sampling. A highly sensitive screening questionnaire for RMDs was used. Secondly, participants who screened positive (64%) for at least one RMD as well as 20% of individuals with a negative screening were invited for assessment by a rheumatologist. In total, 3,877 subjects participated in this second phase, where they were also invited to donate a blood sample to be stored at the Biobanco-IMM. History and physical examination, followed by appropriate laboratory and imaging tests were performed. At the end of the visit, the rheumatologist established a diagnosis. Finally, a team of three experienced rheumatologists reviewed all the clinical data and defined the diagnoses according to previously validated criteria. The EpiReumaPt dataset, containing data from several questionnaires, various clinical measurements and information from laboratory and imaging tests, comprises an invaluable asset for research. The large amount of information collected from each participant and the large number of participants, with a wide age range covering and being representative of the adults from the entire country, makes EpiReumaPt the largest study of RMDs performed in Portugal.publishersversionpublishe

Genomic history of coastal societies from eastern South America

Sambaqui (shellmound) societies are among the most intriguing archaeological phenomena in pre-colonial South America, extending from approximately 8,000 to 1,000 years before present (yr bp) across 3,000 km on the Atlantic coast. However, little is known about their connection to early Holocene hunter-gatherers, how this may have contributed to different historical pathways and the processes through which late Holocene ceramists came to rule the coast shortly before European contact. To contribute to our understanding of the population history of indigenous societies on the eastern coast of South America, we produced genome-wide data from 34 ancient individuals as early as 10,000 yr bp from four different regions in Brazil. Early Holocene hunter-gatherers were found to lack shared genetic drift among themselves and with later populations from eastern South America, suggesting that they derived from a common radiation and did not contribute substantially to later coastal groups. Our analyses show genetic heterogeneity among contemporaneous Sambaqui groups from the southeastern and southern Brazilian coast, contrary to the similarity expressed in the archaeological record. The complex history of intercultural contact between inland horticulturists and coastal populations becomes genetically evident during the final horizon of Sambaqui societies, from around 2,200 yr bp, corroborating evidence of cultural change

Síndrome de Alport: Alport syndrome

Introdução: Síndrome de Alport (SA) é uma doença hereditária caracterizada por nefropatia hemorrágica familiar, surdez neurossensorial e alterações oculares. Sua patologia está relacionada a mutações nos genes COL4A3, COL4A4, COL4A5 os quais são responsáveis por codificar síntese do colágeno tipo IV, que é essencial para a formação da membrana basal de diversos órgãos. Apresentação do caso: 23 ANOS, sexo masculino, natural do Rio de Janeiro - RJ, procurou atendimento médico com queixa de hipoacusia bilateral, diminuição da acuidade visual e edema progressivo de membros inferiores. Discussão: sua clínica é composta por manifestações renais como hematúria e/ou proteinúria, que com o tempo evoluem para falência renal; manifestações oculares, como lentecone anterior, catarata, “flecks” na retina, nistagmo e miopia; e manifestações auditivas nas quais ocorrem o desenvolvimento de perda auditiva neurossensorial de alta frequência.O diagnóstico da síndrome é suspeitado quando existem familiares com histórico de insuficiência renal, surdez e perda visual. Em 15% dos casos, não há histórico familiar associado, sendo necessária a realização de biópsia renal. Conclusão: quando o prognóstico do paciente é desfavorável, é necessário um adequado suporte clínico em medidas preventivas e terapêuticas, tanto farmacológicas quanto dietéticas, para que se possa retardar as complicações, principalmente a piora da função renal e uma necessidade de diálise ou até mesmo transplante dos rins