Aguardente de Mandioca Tiquira: um potencial de Indicação Geográfica para o Estado do Maranhão

This work aims to highlight the potential of the State of Maranhão as a Geographical Indication for Tiquira cassava brandy. The drink has great chances of becoming the first Geographical Indication of the State, due to several factors: i) it has a tradition linked to the place of production; ii) three companies from Maranhão already have registrations with the Ministry of Agriculture, Supply and Livestock for the production of the drink, including a cooperative and iii) there are sufficient documents to support the request for Geographical Indication with the National Institute of Industrial Property. Technical visits were made to stills in municipalities in the region. A total of 120 Tiquira producers were identified. Some conclusions point to the benefits of Tiquira registration, including greater competitiveness of the product, increased visibility in the market and improvement in the quality of life and income of producers. Another opportunity is tourism emerges as a promising economic activity.Este trabalho tem como objetivo destacar o potencial do Estado do Maranhão como Indicação Geográfica para a aguardente de mandioca Tiquira. A bebida apresenta grandes chances de se tornar a primeira Indicação Geográfica do Estado, devido a vários fatores: i) possui uma tradição vinculada ao local de produção; ii) três empresas maranhenses já possuem registros junto ao Ministério da Agricultura, Abastecimento e Pecuária para a produção da bebida, incluindo uma cooperativa e iii) existem documentos suficientes que respaldam o pedido de Indicação Geográfica junto ao Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial. Foram realizadas visitas técnicas a alambiques em municípios da região. Foram identificados um total de 120 produtores de Tiquira. Algumas conclusões apontam para os benefícios do registro Tiquira, incluindo maior competitividade do produto, aumento da visibilidade no mercado e melhoria na qualidade de vida e renda dos produtores. Outra oportunidade é o turismo surge como uma promissora atividade econômica

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Tradução automática e competência tradutória: repensando interseções

Desde seu surgimento no início na década de 1940, a Tradução Automática tem sido vista sob duas formas: se não uma ameaça próxima e presente, como uma ferramenta infrutífera e obsoleta. Contrapondo estas imagens à noção de competência tradutória proposta pelo grupo PACTE, empreendemos neste artigo uma abordagem reticular entre a emergência da TA, a formação e qualificação de tradutores e as demandas e necessidades da sociedade global e do mercado de tradução, buscando assim resgatar algumas das potencialidades e contribuições que a TA pode fornecer à profissão. Palavras-chave: Tradução Automática; Competência Tradutória; Programas de Apoio à Tradução. Machine translation and translation competence: rethinking intersections AbstractSince its emergence in the early 1940s, Machine Translation (MA) has been seen in two ways: as a near and present threat, or as a fruitless and obsolete tool. Opposing these images to the notion of translation competence as proposed by the group PACTE, we undertook this article an reticular approach between the emergence of MA, training and qualification of translators and the demands and needs of society and the global translation market, thus seeking to recover some potential contributions that the MA can provide to translation profession. Keywords: Machine translation; Translation competence; Translation support softwares

Tradução automática e competência tradutória: repensando interseções: Machine translation and translation competence: rethinking intersections

Since its emergence in the early 1940s, Machine Translation (MA) has been seen in two ways: as a near and present threat, or as a fruitless and obsolete tool. Opposing these images to the notion of translation competence as proposed by the group PACTE, we undertook this article an reticular approach between the emergence of MA, training and qualification of translators and the demands and needs of society and the global translation market, thus seeking to recover some potential contributions that the MA can provide to translation profession.Desde seu surgimento no início na década de 1940, a Tradução Automática tem sido vista sob duas formas: se não uma ameaça próxima e presente, como uma ferramenta infrutífera e obsoleta. Contrapondo estas imagens à noção de competência tradutória proposta pelo grupo PACTE, empreendemos neste artigo uma abordagem reticular entre a emergência da TA, a formação e qualificação de tradutores e as demandas e necessidades da sociedade global e do mercado de tradução, buscando assim resgatar algumas das potencialidades e contribuições que a TA pode fornecer à profissão. Abstract Since its emergence in the early 1940s, Machine Translation (MA) has been seen in two ways: as a near and present threat, or as a fruitless and obsolete tool. Opposing these images to the notion of translation competence as proposed by the group PACTE, we undertook this article an reticular approach between the emergence of MA, training and qualification of translators and the demands and needs of society and the global translation market, thus seeking to recover some potential contributions that the MA can provide to translation profession.&nbsp; Keywords: Machine translation; Translation competence; Translation support software

Professores e Alunos: o engendramento da violência da escola

The school violence engendering is partially analyzed, considering the violence production in the school environment. This is a bibliographic research with quantitative and qualitative approach. Sources: 77 theses and 15 dissertations carried out in Brazil (2007 to 2012). Data collection and organization: Content Analysis. Main reference: Bernard Charlot and Pierre Bourdieu. Results: the sources showed that Brazilian teachers participate effectively in the school violence engendering, contributing to violence production in the school environment. The students are the main victims. The teacher is less affected by physical and verbal violence. The symbolic power is the most perpetrated by the teacher against the student. The school also plays a major role in it.Analisa-se o engendramento de uma face da violência da escola, tendo em vista a produção da violência em espaço escolar. Pesquisa bibliográfica quanti-qualitativa. Fontes: 77 dissertações e 15 teses produzidas no Brasil (2007 a 2012). Coleta e organização dos dados: Análise de Conteúdo. Fundamentação base: Bernard Charlot e Pierre Bourdieu. Resultados: as fontes apontaram que professores brasileiros são protagonistas na constituição da violência da escola, contribuindo para a produção da violência em espaço escolar. Os alunos são as principais vítimas dessa violência. O professor sofre menos violência física e verbal do que o aluno. A violência simbólica é a mais usada pelo professor contra o aluno. A escola também usa desse expediente