Das Konnektom des Cortex cerebri der Ratte

Die vorliegende wissenschaftliche Arbeit umfasst eine vollständige Metaanalyse der Original-Publikationen (peer reviewed research articles) von Tract-Tracing Studien der Großhirnrinde der Ratte von 1970 bis März 2015. Die hiermit gewonnenen Daten wurden mit Hilfe des Open-Source Programmes neuroVIISAS ausgewertet. Verschiedene kortikale Netzwerke wurden errechnet und analysiert: ein niedrig aufgelöstes C1-Konnektom mit 63x2 kortikalen Gebieten und ein höher aufgelöstes laminäres C2-Konnektom mit 163x2 Gebieten. Ein Alleinstellungsmerkmal ist u.a. die vollständige bilaterale Mitauswertung

Real-time augmented reality filters expressive of user sentiment

Body language and facial expressions are an important component of human communication. Some messaging applications include features to send emoji, animated GIFs, etc. to express emotion. However, such content does not include the user’s image. This disclosure describes techniques that enable users to choose augmented reality effects that are added to a user’s image and that help users express an emotion

Keratinocyte Apoptosis in Epidermal Remodeling and Clearance of Psoriasis Induced by UV Radiation

Psoriasis is a common chronic skin disorder, but the mechanisms involved in the resolution and clearance of plaques remain poorly defined. We investigated the mechanism of action of UVB, which is highly effective in clearing psoriasis and inducing remission, and tested the hypothesis that apoptosis is a key mechanism. To distinguish bystander effects, equal erythemal doses of two UVB wavelengths were compared following in vivo irradiation of psoriatic plaques; one is clinically effective (311 nm) and one has no therapeutic effect on psoriasis (290 nm). Only 311 nm UVB induced significant apoptosis in lesional epidermis, and most apoptotic cells were keratinocytes. To determine clinical relevance, we created a computational model of psoriatic epidermis. Modeling predicted apoptosis would occur in both stem and transit-amplifying cells to account for plaque clearance; this was confirmed and quantified experimentally. The median rate of keratinocyte apoptosis from onset to cell death was 20 minutes. These data were fed back into the model and demonstrated that the observed level of keratinocyte apoptosis was sufficient to explain UVB-induced plaque resolution. Our human studies combined with a systems biology approach demonstrate that keratinocyte apoptosis is a key mechanism in psoriatic plaques clearance, providing the basis for future molecular investigation and therapeutic development

Modelling human choices: MADeM and decision‑making

Research supported by FAPESP 2015/50122-0 and DFG-GRTK 1740/2. RP and AR are also part of the Research, Innovation and Dissemination Center for Neuromathematics FAPESP grant (2013/07699-0). RP is supported by a FAPESP scholarship (2013/25667-8). ACR is partially supported by a CNPq fellowship (grant 306251/2014-0)

Pharmacodynamics of growth hormone abuse biomarkers and the influence of gender and testosterone : a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study in young recreational athletes

Context: IGF axis proteins and collagen peptides are promising markers of GH abuse. Objective: Our objective was to investigate whether responses of serum IGF axis and collagen markers to GH differ between men and women, and are influenced by testosterone (T). Design: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 8-wk treatment followed by 6-wk washout. Setting: The study was performed at a clinical research facility. Participants: A total of 96 recreationally trained healthy athletes (63 men, 33 women), aged 18-40 yr, were studied. Intervention: All subjects received GH (2 mg/d sc) or placebo for 8 wk; men also received T (250 mg/wk im) or placebo for 5 wk. Main Outcome Measures: Serum IGF axis proteins (IGF-I, IGF binding protein-3, and acid labile subunit) and collagen peptides (N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen, C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, and N-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen) were measured. Results: GH induced significant increases in IGF axis and collagen markers that were greater in men than women (P < 0.001). Of the IGF axis markers, IGF-I showed the greatest increase. The relative incremental responses of the collagen markers in generalweregreater than the IGF markers, especially for PIIINP. The collagen markers increased and decreased more slowly with most remaining elevated (P < 0.01) after 6 wk, in comparison to IGF markers, which returned to baseline within 1 wk. Addition of T to GH amplified the response of PIIINP by more than 1.5-fold but did not affect any other marker. T alone did not affect IGF axis markers but modestly increased collagen markers. Conclusions: These markers of GH abuse are less responsive in women. The increases in collagen markers have a different time course to the IGF markers and extend the window of detection in both sexes. The response of PIIINP is increased by coadministration of T