Studies on the Microcrustacea of Three Montane Lakes in Glacier National Park, Montana

Grinnell Lake, Lake Josephine, and Swiftcurrent Lake, at an elevation of approximately 5,000 feet in northwestern Montana, are comparable with lakes in the montane zone defined by Pennak for lakes at elevations between 8,200 feet and 10,500 feet in the Rocky Mountains of northern Colorado. Five species of Copepoda, six Cladocera, and four Ostracoda were collected in the lakes studied. The population of microcrustacea in these lakes was most dense in or slightly above the masses of rooted aquatic vegetation growing to a height of six to 10 inches above the bottom wherever the water was between three feet and 20 feet deep. Frequent qualitative collections with the plankton net indicated that the population density at other depths in both lakes was low. Quantitative collections verified that the only groups more abundant than one individual per liter at intermediate depths were the immature Copepoda in July and Bosmine longirostris in August. The species of Copepoda and Cladocera inhabiting these labs are widely distributed in lowland lakes and in lakes in alpine areas of America and Europe

Geochemistry and tectonic setting of pre-collision Cretaceous and Paleogene volcanic rocks of Ecuador

Etude et caractérisation géochimique des roches volcaniques de la zone cotière et de la Cordillère occidentale de la Bolivie. Proposition d'un modèle d'évolution géodynamique de cette partie de la chaîne des Andes au cours du Crétacé supérieur

Parents' attitudes towards varicella vaccination acceptance in France and Germany: effect of vaccine recommendation and reimbursement (a survey)

Aims: To ascertain physicians' and parents' attitudes towards varicella vaccination acceptance and to compare them between Germany (G), where routine varicella vaccination is recommended in children, and France (F), where it is not. Methods: Study design: cross-sectional pharmacoepidemiological study conducted in pediatric practice. Data included descriptions of the vaccinated children by pediatricians and descriptions of the parents’ attitudes using a self-administered questionnaire. The next five successive children, under 15 years old, vaccinated against varicella were included in the study. Results: Six hundred ninety-five pediatricians (F: 186; G: 509) and 2,593 parents (F: 664; G: 1,929) were included in the study. Initially, 7.1% of the German parents and 15.3% of the French parents were reluctant to have their children inoculated with the varicella vaccine (p < 0.0001). The main reason for their reluctance was the ‘fear of complications due to the vaccination’ in both countries (G: 60.0% vs 55.5%; p: ns). Fewer German parents thought that the varicella vaccine was too recent (5.9% vs 45.5%; p < 0.0001), and they were also less reluctant due to the cost of the vaccination (G: 11.9% vs F:22.8%; p < 0.02). In both countries, the most convincing arguments for parents who were initially reluctant were 'information on the potential seriousness of the disease,' which was reported by three-quarters of the parents (G: 70.0% vs F: 74.3%; p: ns), and 'availability of an effective, well-tolerated vaccine' (G: 59.4% vs F: 64.0%; p: ns). Conclusion: Even in the absence of an official recommendation, French parents will accept varicella vaccine to the same extent as German parents where it is advisable if they receive appropriate information about the potential severity of the disease and the efficacy and safety of the vaccine

Evaluation of a Vibrotactile Device For Outdoor and Public Transport Pedestrian Navigation Using Virtual Reality

International audienceIt can be difficult to find your way in public transport, especially when the journey combines indoor and outdoor trans-portation. We designed an innovative vibrotactile device dedicated to guide a pedestrian in public transport. This multi-modal interface can be used to guide a pedestrian in unknown public transport. The device can be used by visually impaired person. The device has been tested during two main phases. The first step was to test the device using virtual reality while the second step test was to test the device in a real environment. This paper presents the first part of the evaluation of the device. We have developed a virtual reality scenario to assess the objective and subjective utility of the device. The results showed that the device could properly guide users. We also evaluated the usefulness of a warning vibration preceding a message. It was found that the vibration seems to introduce confusion to the pattern recognition by the user

A Comparison of Leadership Styles Between College Physical Education Instructors and College Football Coaches

The study of leadership in physical education and athletics is a relatively new area but some groundwork has already been laid. Knickerbocker considered the primary function of a leader to be organizing the activities of individuals toward the accomplishment of some end through controlling the means for the satisfaction of relevant needs of members of that group. Leadership is personality in action under group conditions. It includes dominant personality traits of an individual and receptive personality qualities of many persons. Many terms and classifications have been used to describe leaders. Bogardus for example described leadership in relation to other people and things. Direct leaders deal with people whereas indirect leaders set forces in motion that eventually change the currents of human activity. An example of a direct leader would be a minister or teacher. Classifying leaders according to leadership style is another way of describing leaders. As a result of these studies the Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire (LBDQ) was developed. It not only attempted to describe leader behavior but also to assess the effectiveness of leadership acts . Another way to classify leadership is to identify the important and distinctive qualities of leaders. Certain qualities within a leader can be used to determine a leadership style. Gouldner refers to these individual qualities as traits. Leadership could therefore be described in terms of traits possessed by the leader. Other terms commonly associated with leadership are democratic and authoritarian. Authoritarianism centers around decision making involving one person or small numbers of people. Democratic leaders usually reach decisions through group discussion and bargaining. The concept of situational leadership has recently emerged as a dominant theory in leadership study. In this theory the specific surroundings or situation will dictate how a leader should behave. The situation includes everything in that environment; interpersonal relations with people, things and nature. Leadership in the areas of business and industry has been studied extensively. This research project proposes to identify and compare. the leadership styles of college physical education instructors and college football coaches. The essence of the project can be communicated in the following framing questions: 1. Do leadership styles vary among individuals? 2. Does the nature of one\u27s work determine an leadership style or do certain types of leaders prefer certain occupations? 3. Do college football coaches and college physical education instructors have different leadership styles

Efficacité du rafoxanide injectable contre Fasciola gigantica adulte chez le zébu à Madagascar

Le rafoxanide en solutions injectables à 5 p. 100 et 7,5 p. 100 a été expérimenté, par voie sous-cutanée, sur des zébus malgaches infestés naturellement par F. gigantica. Dans les conditions de l'essai, les pourcentages moyens de réduction des douves adultes récoltées sur l'ensemble des foies des animaux de chaque lot traité, par rapport à celles récoltées sur l'ensemble des animaux du lot témoin, ont été de: - 98,7 p. 100 à la posologie de 1 mg/kg (solution à 5 p. 100) - > 99,0 p. 100 à la posologie de 1,5 mg/kg (solutions à 5 p. 100 et 7,5 p. 100). - > 99,0 p. 100 à la posologie de 2 mg/kg (solutions à 5 p. 100). Aux doses essayées, le produit peut être recommandé pour le traitement curatif et prophylactique de la fasciolose bovine à F. gigantic

A neoproterozoic age for the chromitite and gabbro of the Tapo Ultramafic Massif, Eastern Cordillera, Central Peru, and its tectonic implications

The ultramafic-mafic rocks of the Tapo Complex are exposed in the Eastern Cordillera of the Central Peruvian Andes. This complex is composed of serpentinised peridotites and metabasites with some podiform chromitite lenses and chromite disseminations and overlies the sandstones, conglomerates, and tuffs of the Carboniferous Ambo Group. The metagabbros and amphibolites showa tholeiitic affiliation and a flat REE spider diagram, with a slight LREE depletion and a positive Eu anomaly suggesting magmatic accumulation of plagioclase, in an ocean ridge or ocean island environment. Sm-Nd isotopic analyses were performed on chromite as well as on whole rock from the gabbro. All samples yielded an Sm-Nd isochrone age of718 ± 47 Ma with an initial 143Nd/l44Nd of0.51213 ± 0.00005. The Nd (718 Ma) values calculated for both chromite and gabbro are in close agreement, around 8.0, implying that they were formed at the same time from the same mantelic magma source. Furthermore a K-Ar age on amphibole of 448 ± 26 Ma was obtained, interpreted as the cooling age of a younger orogenic event. These rocks represent slices of oceanic crust (from a dismembered ophiolitic complex), metamorphosed and later overthrust on upper Palaeozoic continental formations

Consequences of continuous ozonation on the health and welfare of Atlantic salmon post-smolts in a brackish water recirculating aquaculture system

Research Areas: Marine & Freshwater Biology ; ToxicologyThis study investigated the biological consequences of 45-day continuous ozonation on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) post-smolts in a brackish water recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). There was no significant difference in survival, operational welfare indicators, and average weight at termination between the ozone-treated and control groups. Plasma biochemical analyses revealed that the creatinine level was significantly higher in the ozone-treated group than in the control at termination. Histological evaluation of skin health showed no significant difference between the two groups. On the other hand, quantitative histopathology disclosed that the ozone group exhibited a better gill health status than did the control group, particularly at the end of the trial. Mucosal transcriptomics revealed a distinct response profile between the gills and skin. At day 45, there were no differentially expressed genes (DEG) identified in the skin, in contrast to 242 ozone-induced DEGs in the gills. Assessment of the transcriptomic profiles over time revealed that temporal effects were of greater impact in skin compared to gills, regardless of the treatment. The treatment did not result in metabolomic dysregulation and the overall profile lent support to the transcriptomics data that temporal effects had a greater influence on the changes observed. Exposure to handling-confinement stress revealed that ozone treatment did not alter the ability of post-smolts to respond to a secondary stressor. In summary, the suite of health and welfare indicators collectively indicated that continuous ozonation resulted in minimal physiological perturbations in salmon postsmolts. The results are expected to contribute to optimising the rearing conditions for post-smolts in RAS.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Control of primary productivity and the significance of photosynthetic bacteria in a meromictic kettle lake.

During 1986 planktonic primary production and controlling factors were investigated in a small (A0 = 11.8 · 103 m2, Zmax = 11.5 m) meromictic kettle lake (Mittlerer Buchensee). Annual phytoplankton productivity was estimated to ca 120 gC · m–2 · a–1 (1,42 tC · lake–1 · a–1). The marked thermal stratification of the lake led to irregular vertical distributions of chlorophylla concentrations (Chla) and, to a minor extent, of photosynthesis (Az). Between the depths of 0 to 6 m low Chla concentrations (< 7 mg · m–3) and comparatively high background light attenuation (kw = 0,525 m–1, 77% of total attenuation due to gelbstoff and abioseston) was found. As a consequence, light absorption by algae was low (mean value 17,4%) and self-shading was absent. Because of the small seasonal variation of Chla concentrations, no significant correlation between Chla and areal photosynthesis (A) was observed. Only in early summer (June–July) biomass appears to influence the vertical distribution of photosynthesis on a bigger scale. Around 8 m depth, low-light adapted algae and phototrophic bacteria formed dense layers. Due to low ambient irradiances, the contribution of these organisms to total primary productivity was small. Primary production and incident irradiance were significantly correlated with each other (r2 = 0.68). Although the maximum assimilation number (Popt) showed a clear dependence upon water temperature (Q10 = 2.31), the latter was of minor importance to areal photosynthesis