Acerca de la posición de la Sala Laboral del Tribunal Superior de Pereira, respecto de la ineficacia de la afiliación cuando no se es beneficiario del régimen de transición

El artículo desarrollado a continuación, tiene como principal propósito describir las razones que utiliza la Sala Laboral del Tribunal Superior de Distrito Judicial de Pereira, para negar las pretensiones de las demandas que formulan personas que buscan la declaratoria de ineficacia del traslado del Régimen de Prima Media, administrado por Colpensiones, con destino a las administradoras de fondos privados que administran el Régimen de Ahorro Individual con Solidaridad. Para ello, se explica variada jurisprudencia, tanto de esa autoridad judicial como de la Corte Suprema de Justicia, para efectos de obtener un conocimiento más profundo del tema, para de ese modo arribar a unas conclusiones y formular unas puntuales recomendaciones que cumplan con enriquecer el debate jurídico que hoy día se cierne sobre la materia.The article was developed below, its main purpose is to describe the reasons used by the Labor Chamber of the Superior Court of the Judicial District of Pereira, to see the claims of the forms formulated by persons seeking the declaration of ineffectiveness of the transfer of the Premium Scheme Media Administration of funds to private fund managers who administer the Individual Saving Regime with Solidarity. This explains the varied jurisprudence, both of that judicial authority, and of the Supreme Court of Justice, for the purpose of obtaining a deeper knowledge of the subject, for a way to reach a few people and a form. legal that today looms over the matter

Estrategias de publicidad social. Coyunturas sociales como oportunidad de mejoramiento de valor responsable

Este libro invita a un grupo de autores, pertenecientes a tres grupos de investigación de distintas universidades, a enriquecer la reflexión sobre el papel que desempeña la publicidad social en las estrategias de responsabilidad social empresarial y cómo esto puede redundar en el mejoramiento del valor de marca. Las apreciaciones se encuadran en el escenario de posguerra o posconflicto que vive el País desde la firma de los Acuerdos de la Habana, entre el Estado colombiano y las FARC-EP

Urbanización popular en la ciudad de Asunción, Paraguay

This paper analyzes the processes of urbanization, organization and resistance taking place in urban areas developed through popular intervention in Asuncion, Paraguay. To this end, this study collected data from official institutions and conducted qualitative research through observation and in-depth interviews with 30 local community leaders. According to those surveyed, the popular urbanization process dates back to the colonial period, focusing on the riverside area of Asuncion, then expanded to other municipalities within the metropolitan region of the city. Local communities built these popular neighborhoods through the elaboration of organizational networks and solidarity initiatives. While mechanisms of occupation and resistance included street mobilization, community organizations still rely on institutional management to achieve better citizen participation.Esta investigación analiza los procesos de desarrollo urbano, organización y resistencia en las urbanizaciones desarrolladas por iniciativa popular de Asunción, Paraguay. Para ello, la investigación recolectó los datos disponibles en las instituciones oficiales que cuentan con registros de estos barrios, y realizó posteriormente una investigación cualitativa por medio de observaciones y entrevistas en profundidad a 30 líderes de las organizaciones comunitarias en urbanizaciones populares. Los testimonios de los líderes entrevistados señalan que el proceso de urbanización popular en la zona ribereña de Asunción tiene sus orígenes en el período colonial, y se fue extendiendo durante las últimas décadas a los municipios que conforman la región metropolitana de la ciudad. Las comunidades protagonistas del proceso urbanización fueron construyendo estos barrios populares, mediante la conformación de redes organizativas y acciones solidarias. Si bien los mecanismos de ocupación y resistencia incluyeron movilizaciones callejeras, las organizaciones comunitarias no se han apartado de la gestión institucional, con la esperanza de conquistar mejores canales de participación ciudadana

Guías colombianas de electrofisiología no invasiva

Los métodos diagnósticos no invasivos son el pilar inicial del estudio de cualquier paciente con una patología en particular, de ahí que sean los exámenes más solicitados y constituyan una importante carga en costos para un sistema de salud.Q4Guías1-12

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Genome-wide association analysis of dementia and its clinical endophenotypes reveal novel loci associated with Alzheimer's disease and three causality networks : The GR@ACE project

Introduction: Large variability among Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases might impact genetic discoveries and complicate dissection of underlying biological pathways. Methods: Genome Research at Fundacio ACE (GR@ACE) is a genome-wide study of dementia and its clinical endophenotypes, defined based on AD's clinical certainty and vascular burden. We assessed the impact of known AD loci across endophenotypes to generate loci categories. We incorporated gene coexpression data and conducted pathway analysis per category. Finally, to evaluate the effect of heterogeneity in genetic studies, GR@ACE series were meta-analyzed with additional genome-wide association study data sets. Results: We classified known AD loci into three categories, which might reflect the disease clinical heterogeneity. Vascular processes were only detected as a causal mechanism in probable AD. The meta-analysis strategy revealed the ANKRD31-rs4704171 and NDUFAF6-rs10098778 and confirmed SCIMP-rs7225151 and CD33-rs3865444. Discussion: The regulation of vasculature is a prominent causal component of probable AD. GR@ACE meta-analysis revealed novel AD genetic signals, strongly driven by the presence of clinical heterogeneity in the AD series