Variações fenotípicas de Matayba guianensis Aubl. (Sapindaceae) e de galhas induzidas por Bystracoccus mataybae Hodsgon, Isaias & Oliveira 2013 (Eriococcidae) em duas fitofisionimias de Cerrado.

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação)Variações no fenótipo dos organismos podem ser resultantes tanto das propriedades genéticas quanto da influência do ambiente na expressão genotípica. A habilidade de um organismo responder aos fatores ambientais, alterando seu fenótipo sem necessariamente realizar alterações genéticas, é designada plasticidade fenotípica. Espécies que apresentam potencial plástico em caracteres vinculados à sobrevivência apresentam vantagens adaptativas em ambientes heterogêneos ou de transição, como no Cerrado. Para este estudo foram utilizadas populações de Matayba guianensis Aubl. (Sapindaceae) localizadas em diferentes fitofisionomias de Cerrado. Algumas destas populações são altamente infestadas por galhas de Bystracoccus mataybae Hodsgon, Isaias & Oliveira 2013 (Eriococcidae), assim, pode-se supor que diferenças fenotípicas entre as populações de M. guianensis podem influenciar algumas características populacionais e morfológicas dos insetos galhadores associados. Variáveis estruturais e morfológicas das populações de M. guianensis e B. mataybae foram coletadas e analisadas em laboratório utilizando-se o programa “ImageJ®”, teste t e Mann-Whitney. Os resultados apontaram grande variabilidade entre as populações para sete das características avaliadas nas plantas: altura; diâmetro; número de ramos, folhas, folíolos e galhas; e área foliar do folíolo. Associadas às diferentes condições ambientais das áreas de cerrado e campo-cerrado, as variações estruturais e morfológicas na planta hospedeira podem estar relacionadas às variações em populações de galhadores. Entretanto, aparentemente, não houve alteração significativa nas características do tamanho e peso das galhas, embora a abundância delas tenha sido significativamente maior na população do campo-cerrado

Density-dependent regulation in a weed Bidens sulphurea (Cav.) Sch. Bip. (Asteraceae)

The density effects on performance of a weed Bidens sulphurea (Asteraceae) were evaluated experimentally. There are very few studies available to improve the process of density-dependent to invasive species. It was used an experimental set-up in which the population of this weed species is partitioned into different density groups (1, 2, 4 and eight plants per pot) based on local conspecific density to investigate density-based population strategies. The difference between the greatest and the lowest density (8 and 1 plant per pot) was considerably high, around 41%, regarding the variables measured (stem height and diameter, leaf number and size). Plants at higher densities have become taller and thinner as a consequence of intraspecific competition. Therefore, the results suggest that the responses of B. sulphurea in dense populations can affect the persistence of population over time. These results may be useful in the future for the biological control of this species.

Prevalence of cleft lip and palate in Brazilian children 2011 - 2015

Cleft lip and cleft palate are birth defects of complex etiology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of cleft lip and palate in Brazilian children. An ecological and descriptive study, based on data from the Live Birth Information System (SINASC / DATASUS) between years 2011 and 2015 in the cities of João Pessoa, Campina Grande, Patos, Cajazeiras, and Sousa (State of Paraíba) was developed. Information on the presence of congenital anomalies and cleft lip and palate, gender of neonate, birth-weight (<2.5kg and ≥2.5kg) and mother's age were collected. Data were tabulated with Microsoft Excel software and presented through descriptive statistics (absolute and percentage distributions). In the study period, there were 206367 cases of live birth, with 1916 cases of children with congenital anomalies of which 109 (5.7%) had cleft lip and palate, predominantly males (66%). Regarding birth-weight, 27.5% had <2.5kg. The majority of mothers aged 20-29 years (45.9%). The city of Campina Grande concentrated the highest number of cases (50.5%), with prevalence of 7.36 cases per ten thousand live births. The frequency of cleft lip and palate was 5.2 per 10000 live births. Male children with normal birth-weight are the most affected by cleft lip and palate.Key words: Epidemiology; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Congenital Abnormalitie

Intensive Olfactory Training in Post-COVID Patients: A Randomized Multicenter Clinical Trial

Introduction: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is one of the most reported symptoms of COVID -19. Previous studies have identified olfactory training (OT) as an important treatment for postinfectious OD, but little is known about its effect after SARS-CoV-2 infection and how it can be optimized. Objective: To assess whether OT can be optimized if performed intensively, with more fragrances over a shorter period in patients with persistent OD after COVID -19. Also, to determine the presence of other variables related to OD and treatment response in this population. Method: This multicenter randomized clinical trial recruited 80 patients with persistent OD with previous COVID-19 for less than three months. The patients were divided into two groups, who received treatment with 4 and 8 essences over four weeks. Subjective assessments and the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) were performed before and after treatment. Results: A significant improvement in olfaction was measured subjectively and on UPSIT in both groups, but without significant differences between groups. In addition, the presence of olfactory fluctuation was associated with higher UPSIT scores. Conclusion: These data suggest that intensifying the training by increasing the number of essences for 4 weeks does not show superiority over the classical method. Moreover, a fluctuating olfactory ability seems to be related to a better score in the UPSIT

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Alterações citológicas, colposcópicas e anátomo-patológicas do colo uterino e sua relação com a infecção genital pelo papiloma vírus humano

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