470 research outputs found
Composition and properties of bovine colostrum: a review
International audienceAbstractColostrum is the initial milk secreted by mammals following parturition, the composition and physicochemical properties of which are highly dynamic and variable. The composition and physicochemical properties of colostrum during the initial post-partum period has not been systematically reviewed for many years, although the topic remains of interest both to milk producers and processors. In this article, the current understanding of the composition of colostrum, i.e. carbohydrates, proteins, growth factors, enzymes, enzyme inhibitors, nucleotides and nucleosides, cytokines, fats, vitamins and minerals, is reviewed. In addition, the physicochemical properties, i.e. pH and buffering capacity, colour, density and specific gravity, osmotic pressure, somatic cell count, properties of casein micelles, ethanol stability and rennet coagulation properties are discussed, as well as the effects of heat-treating colostrum
HST/STIS Ultraviolet Imaging of Polar Aurora on Ganymede
We report new observations of the spectrum of Ganymede in the spectral range
1160 - 1720 A made with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) on HST
on 1998 October 30. The observations were undertaken to locate the regions of
the atomic oxygen emissions at 1304 and 1356 A, previously observed with the
GHRS on HST, that Hall et al. (1998) claimed indicated the presence of polar
aurorae on Ganymede. The use of the 2" wide STIS slit, slightly wider than the
disk diameter of Ganymede, produced objective spectra with images of the two
oxygen emissions clearly separated. The OI emissions appear in both
hemispheres, at latitudes above 40 degrees, in accordance with recent Galileo
magnetometer data that indicate the presence of an intrinsic magnetic field
such that Jovian magnetic field lines are linked to the surface of Ganymede
only at high latitudes. Both the brightness and relative north-south intensity
of the emissions varied considerably over the four contiguous orbits (5.5
hours) of observation, presumably due to the changing Jovian plasma environment
at Ganymede. However, the observed longitudinal non-uniformity in the emission
brightness at high latitudes, particularly in the southern hemisphere, and the
lack of pronounced limb brightening near the poles are difficult to understand
with current models. In addition to observed solar HI Lyman-alpha reflected
from the disk, extended Lyman-alpha emission resonantly scattered from a
hydrogen exosphere is detected out to beyond two Ganymede radii from the limb,
and its brightness is consistent with the Galileo UVS measurements of Barth et
al. (1997).Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ, June 1, 200
Excitation of the Ganymede Ultraviolet Aurora
We analyze the ultraviolet aurorae observed on Ganymede by means of the Hubble Space Telescope and compare them to similar phenomena on Earth. We find that the tenuous nature of Ganymede's atmosphere precludes excitation of the aurora by high-energy electrons and requires a local acceleration mechanism. We propose the following as plausible mechanisms for generating both the continuous background emission and the intense auroral bright spots
The Evolution and Environments of X-ray Emitting Active Galactic Nuclei in High-Redshift Large-Scale Structures
We use deep Chandra imaging and an extensive optical spectroscopy campaign on
the Keck 10-m telescopes to study the properties of X-ray point sources in five
large-scale structures at redshifts of z ~ 0.7-0.9. We first study X-ray point
sources using the statistical measure of cumulative source counts, finding that
the measured overdensities are consistent with previous results, but we
recommend caution in overestimating the precision of the technique. Optical
spectroscopy of objects matched to X-ray point sources confirms a total of 27
AGN within the five structures, and we find that their host galaxies tend to be
located away from dense cluster cores. More than 36% of host galaxies are
located in the `green valley', which suggests they are a transitional
population. Based on analysis of OII and Hd line strengths, the average
spectral properties of the AGN host galaxies in all structures indicate either
on-going star formation or a starburst within ~ 1 Gyr, and the host galaxies
are younger than the average galaxy in the parent population. These results
indicate a clear connection between starburst and nuclear activity. We use
composite spectra of the spectroscopically confirmed members in each structure
to separate them based on a measure of the overall evolutionary state of their
constituent galaxies. We define structures as having more evolved populations
if their average galaxy has lower EW(OII) and EW(Hd). The AGN in the more
evolved structures have lower rest-frame 0.5-8 keV X-ray luminosities (all
below 10^43.3 erg s^-1) and longer times since a starburst than those in the
less evolved structures, suggesting that the peak of both star formation and
AGN activity has occurred at earlier times. With the wide range of evolutionary
states and timeframes in the structures, we use our results to analyze the
evolution of X-ray AGN and evaluate potential triggering mechanisms.Comment: 29 pages, 13 figure
Lyman‐α imaging of the SO 2 distribution on Io
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/94916/1/grl12620.pd
Obscured Starburst Activity in High Redshift Clusters and Groups
Using Spitzer-MIPS 24um imaging and Keck spectroscopy we examine the nature
of the obscured star forming population in three clusters and three groups at
z~0.9. These six systems are components of the Cl1604 supercluster, the largest
structure imaged by Spitzer at redshifts near unity. We find that the average
density of 24um-detected galaxies within the Cl1604 clusters is nearly twice
that of the surrounding field and that this overdensity scales with the
cluster's dynamical state. The 24um-bright members often appear optically
unremarkable and exhibit only moderate [OII] line emission due to severe
obscuration. Their spatial distribution suggests they are an infalling
population, but an examination of their spectral properties, morphologies and
optical colors indicate they are not simply analogs of the field population
that have yet to be quenched. Using stacked composite spectra, we find the
24um-detected cluster and group galaxies exhibit elevated levels of Balmer
absorption compared to galaxies undergoing normal, continuous star formation. A
similar excess is not observed in field galaxies with equivalent infrared
luminosities, indicating a greater fraction of the detected cluster and group
members have experienced a burst of star formation in the recent past compared
to their counterparts in the field. Our results suggest that gas-rich galaxies
at high redshift experience a temporary increase in their star formation
activity as they assemble into denser environments. Using HST-ACS imaging we
find that disturbed morphologies are common among the 24um-detected cluster and
group members and become more prevalent in regions of higher galaxy density. We
conclude that mergers are the dominant triggering mechanism responsible for the
enhanced star formation found in the Cl1604 groups, while a mix of harassment
and mergers are likely driving the activity of the cluster galaxies.Comment: 18 pages, 19 figures, submitted to Ap
Preferred reporting items for journal and conference abstracts of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of diagnostic test accuracy studies (PRISMA-DTA for Abstracts):checklist, explanation, and elaboration
For many users of the biomedical literature, abstracts may be the only source of information about a study. Hence, abstracts should allow readers to evaluate the objectives, key design features, and main results of the study. Several evaluations have shown deficiencies in the reporting of journal and conference abstracts across study designs and research fields, including systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy studies. Incomplete reporting compromises the value of research to key stakeholders. The authors of this article have developed a 12 item checklist of preferred reporting items for journal and conference abstracts of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of diagnostic test accuracy studies (PRISMA-DTA for Abstracts). This article presents the checklist, examples of complete reporting, and explanations for each item of PRISMA-DTA for Abstracts
A genome-wide scan for common alleles affecting risk for autism
Although autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have a substantial genetic basis, most of the known genetic risk has been traced to rare variants, principally copy number variants (CNVs). To identify common risk variation, the Autism Genome Project (AGP) Consortium genotyped 1558 rigorously defined ASD families for 1 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and analyzed these SNP genotypes for association with ASD. In one of four primary association analyses, the association signal for marker rs4141463, located within MACROD2, crossed the genome-wide association significance threshold of P < 5 × 10−8. When a smaller replication sample was analyzed, the risk allele at rs4141463 was again over-transmitted; yet, consistent with the winner's curse, its effect size in the replication sample was much smaller; and, for the combined samples, the association signal barely fell below the P < 5 × 10−8 threshold. Exploratory analyses of phenotypic subtypes yielded no significant associations after correction for multiple testing. They did, however, yield strong signals within several genes, KIAA0564, PLD5, POU6F2, ST8SIA2 and TAF1C
The Vehicle, Fall 1993
Table of Contents
7/10ths SynthesisPeter F. Essigpage 5
Aug 1992 (My Small Catechism)Jon Montgomerypage 6
Chaos Is-J. Dylan McNeillpage 7
UntouchedTraci Williamspage 8
The JustificationJohn C. Carminepage 8
LincolnJon Montgomerypage 9
Untitled (Photo)Nicole Niemanpage 10
Park PoemJohn Brillhartpage 11
SmokeJulia Ann Canhampage 12
Warming the BenchAnn Moutraypage 12
Cereal KillerJay Harnackpage 13
The Dutiful SonsTom McGrathpage 14
UntitledCatherine DeGraafpage 17
7-up bottleWalt Howardpage 17
BreedDan Trutterpage 18
An Argument Against LoveTony Martinezpage 19
UntitledT. Scott Laniganpage 19
Glassblowers BallStephanie Franzenpage 20
Portrait of a Young GirlJohn C. Carminepage 20
Untitled (artwork)Dan Trutterpage 21
Death of a FriendLizabeth Kulkapage 22
Submission BluesMartin Paul Brittpage 23
To the Fourteen Year Old SuicideScott Langenpage 23
The Flabby PilgrimTom McGrathpage 24
The Fall of ImmortalityBrian Wheelerpage 25
Merging with AirThom Schnarrepage 26
UntitledCatherine DeGraafpage 27
Tree FishSandra Beauchamppage 28
Country SlumberJ. Dylan McNeillpage 29
Untitled (artwork)Dan Trutterpage 33
Authors\u27 Pagepage 34https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1060/thumbnail.jp
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