The First Case of Bovine Astrovirus-Associated Encephalitis in the Southern Hemisphere (Uruguay), Uncovers Evidence of Viral Introduction to the Americas From Europe.

Astrovirus species members of the Mamastrovirus genus (family Astroviridae) have been increasingly recognized as neuroinvasive pathogens in various mammals, including humans, mink, cattle, sheep, and pigs. While cases of astrovirus-associated encephalitis have been reported in North America, Europe, and Asia, their presence has never been documented in the Southern hemisphere. This paper describes a case of astrovirus-associated encephalitis in cattle in Uruguay that broadens the geographic distribution and genetic diversity of neuroinvasive astroviruses and provides phylogeographic evidence of viral introduction to the Americas from Europe. A 22-month-old Holstein steer from a farm in Colonia Department, Uruguay developed progressive neurological signs over a 3-days period before dying. Histopathological examination of the brain and proximal cervical spinal cord revealed disseminated, moderate to severe lymphocytic, histiocytic, and plasmacytic poliomeningoencephalomyelitis with neuronal necrosis. A Mamastrovirus strain in the CH13/NeuroS1 clade, that we called bovine astrovirus (BoAstV)-Neuro-Uy, was identified by reverse transcriptase PCR followed by nearly complete genome sequencing. Additionally, BoAstV was detected intralesionally in the brain by chromogenic RNA in situ hybridization within neuronal perikarya, axons and dendrites. Phylogenetic analysis of BoAstV-Neuro-Uy revealed a close relationship to neurotropic BoAstVs within the Virginia/Human-Mink-Ovine clade, which contains a growing cadre of neuroinvasive astroviruses. Analyzing the complete coding region of neuroinvasive BoAstVs sequences available in GenBank, we estimated an evolutionary rate of 4.27 × 10-4 (95% HPD 2.19-6.46 × 10-4) nucleotide substitutions/site/year. Phylogeographic analysis suggests that the common viral ancestor circulated in Europe between 1794-1940, and was introduced in Uruguay between 1849-1967, to later spread to North America and Japan

Naturecultures guidance: steps in our journey

The emergence of cultural landscapes concepts heralded important mindset shifts in heritage practices. These have underpinned development of landscape approaches that recognise larger-scale interactions and the relationships between natural and cultural elements and processes. However, it has become apparent that an enduring nature-culture binary in heritage practices can result in adverse outcomes ‘on the ground’. The ISCCL has provided a forum and a source of global leadership for these issues, including the exploration of the implications of working with naturecultures to achieve conservation outcomes that are effective and inclusive. Naturecultures was coined by Donna Haraway in 2003 to recognise that natural and human environments, including non-human and more-than-human beings (such as spirits, creation ancestors, divinities) are intimately bound or entangled within different places. There is a now a growing desire to move beyond a curious consideration of the conceptual possibilities of naturecultures to implement its meanings in a wide array of everyday heritage management practices. Physically separated by the global pandemic, we are a small group of natural and cultural heritage practitioners and ISCCL members who decided to step briefly away from our organisational and institutional affiliations to connect with each other, reflect on our experiences, and offer guidance to others. This presentation will be our first opportunity to communicate what we’ve been up to, and to share some thoughts that our journey together has afforded. We argue that applying naturecultures in our practices is beneficial for people and places, and can support more effective conservation outcomes. Please join us to think further about these ideas. Français : L\u27émergence des concepts de paysages culturels a annoncé d\u27importants changements de mentalité dans les pratiques patrimoniales. Ceux-ci ont soutenu le développement d\u27approches paysagères qui reconnaissent les interactions à plus grande échelle et les relations entre les éléments et les processus naturels et culturels. Cependant, il est devenu évident qu\u27un binaire nature-culture durable dans les pratiques patrimoniales peut entraîner des résultats négatifs « sur le terrain ». L\u27ISCCL a fourni un forum et une source de leadership mondial pour ces questions, y compris l\u27exploration des implications du travail avec les cultures de la nature pour obtenir des résultats de conservation efficaces et inclusifs. Naturecultures a été inventé par Donna Haraway en 2003 pour reconnaître que les environnements naturels et humains, y compris les êtres non humains et plus qu\u27humains (tels que les esprits, les ancêtres de la création, les divinités) sont intimement liés ou enchevêtrés dans différents endroits. Il y a maintenant un désir croissant d\u27aller au-delà d\u27une curieuse considération des possibilités conceptuelles des cultures de la nature pour mettre en œuvre ses significations dans un large éventail de pratiques quotidiennes de gestion du patrimoine. Physiquement séparés par la pandémie mondiale, nous sommes un petit groupe de praticiens du patrimoine naturel et culturel et de membres de l\u27ISCCL qui ont décidé de s\u27éloigner brièvement de nos affiliations organisationnelles et institutionnelles pour se connecter les uns aux autres, réfléchir à nos expériences et offrir des conseils aux autres. Cette présentation sera notre première occasion de communiquer ce que nous avons fait et de partager quelques réflexions que notre voyage ensemble a permis. Nous soutenons que l\u27application des cultures de la nature dans nos pratiques est bénéfique pour les personnes et les lieux, et peut favoriser des résultats de conservation plus efficaces. Veuillez vous joindre à nous pour approfondir ces idées. Español: La aparición de conceptos de paisajes culturales anunció importantes cambios de mentalidad en las prácticas patrimoniales. Estos han apuntalado el desarrollo de enfoques de paisaje que reconocen interacciones a mayor escala y las relaciones entre elementos y procesos naturales y culturales. Sin embargo, se ha hecho evidente que un binario duradero entre naturaleza y cultura en las prácticas patrimoniales puede dar lugar a resultados adversos sobre el terreno . El ISCCL ha proporcionado un foro y una fuente de liderazgo global para estos temas, incluida la exploración de las implicaciones de trabajar con las culturas de la naturaleza para lograr resultados de conservación que sean efectivos e inclusivos. Naturecultures fue acuñada por Donna Haraway en 2003 para reconocer que los entornos naturales y humanos, incluidos los seres no humanos y más que humanos (como espíritus, antepasados de la creación, divinidades) están íntimamente ligados o enredados en diferentes lugares. Existe ahora un creciente deseo de ir más allá de una consideración curiosa de las posibilidades conceptuales de las culturas de la naturaleza para implementar sus significados en una amplia gama de prácticas cotidianas de gestión del patrimonio. Físicamente separados por la pandemia global, somos un pequeño grupo de practicantes del patrimonio natural y cultural y miembros de ISCCL que decidieron alejarse brevemente de nuestras afiliaciones organizacionales e institucionales para conectarnos unos con otros, reflexionar sobre nuestras experiencias y ofrecer orientación a los demás. Esta presentación será nuestra primera oportunidad para comunicar lo que hemos estado haciendo y compartir algunos pensamientos que nos ha brindado nuestro viaje juntos. Argumentamos que la aplicación de las culturas de la naturaleza en nuestras prácticas es beneficiosa para las personas y los lugares, y puede respaldar resultados de conservación más efectivos. Únase a nosotros para pensar más en estas ideas

Acute and chronic bovine pulmonary edema and emphysema in Uruguay

An outbreak of pulmonary edema and emphysema with acute and chronic cases is reported in a farm in Uruguay. In a herd of 40 Hereford steers, 20 died. The deaths began four days after a change of paddock, from an old pasture of Avena sativa to a lush growing pasture of the same grass. Acutely affected animals showed severe dyspnea, sialorrhea, cough, and subcutaneous edema, and died within 72 hours. Chronically affected steers showed dyspnea, respiratory noises, weight loss, and intolerance to exercise. The deaths began four days after the change of paddock. Ten days after the first death, the steers were withdrawn from the pasture, but continued dying throughout the following 40 days. Twenty animals died and six were necropsied. Grossly, the lungs were diffusely armed and glistening, with reddish and crepitant cut surface, and presented alveolar septae sharply distended by edema and emphysema. There was subpleural emphysema with air blebs distributed across the pleural surface. Presence of Dictyocaulus viviparus was observed in three steers. In some animals, the trachea was diffusely reddish with presence of pink foam; in some others, there was bloody liquid in the tracheal lumen. Histologic examination showed severe diffuse alveolar and interstitial emphysema, hyaline membranes adhered to the alveolar wall, thickening of the interlobular septae with proliferation of type II pneumocytes, and moderate-to-severe multifocal histiocytic, neutrophilic and eosinophilic infiltrate. In the trachea, there was submucosal hemorrhage and moderate multifocal eosinophilic and lymphocytic infiltrate. The steers with chronic signs presented similar lung lesions, but multifocal pulmonary fibrosis and cardiac dilatation were also observed. The diagnosis of acute bovine pulmonary emphysema and edema (ABPE) was based on the occurrence of the disease after introduction of the herd in a lush green pasture, on the characteristic gross and histologic lesions, and on the absence of other toxic or infectious agents causing similar lesions. Cattle raisers should be alert to the risks of occurrence of this disease after the introduction of the herds into paddocks with green and lush pasture

Cytotoxic activity and chemical composition of the root extract from the mexican species Linum scabrellum: mechanism of action of the active compound 6-Methoxypodophyllotoxin

12 p.-6 fig.-1 tab.The cytotoxic activity and the chemical composition of the dichloromethane/methanol root extract of Linum scabrellum Planchon (Linaceae) were analyzed. Using NMR spectra and mass spectrometry analyses of the extract we identified eight main constituents: oleic acid (1), octadecenoic acid (2), stigmasterol (3), α-amyrin (4), pinoresinol (5), 6 methoxypodophyllotoxin (6), coniferin (7), and 6-methoxypodophyllotoxin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8). By using the sulforhodamine B assay, an important cytotoxic activity against four human cancer cell lines, HF6 colon (IC50 = 0.57 μg/mL), MCF7 breast (IC50 = 0.56 μg/mL), PC3 prostate (IC50 = 1.60 μg/mL), and SiHa cervical (IC50 = 1.54 μg/mL), as well as toward the normal fibroblasts line HFS-30 IC50 = 1.02 μg/mL was demonstrated. Compound 6 (6-methoxypodophyllotoxin) was responsible for the cytotoxic activity exhibiting an IC50 value range of 0.0632 to 2.7433 µg/mL against the tested cell lines. Cell cycle studies with compound 6 exhibited a cell arrest in G2/M of the prostate PC3 cancer cell line. Microtubule disruption studies demonstrated that compound 6 inhibited the polymerization of tubulin through its binding to the colchicine site (binding constant K b = 7.6 × 10(6) M(-1)). A dose-response apoptotic effect was also observed. This work constitutes the first investigation reporting the chemical composition of L. scabrellum and the first study determining the mechanism of action of compound 6.Ivonne Alejandre-Garc´ıa acknowledges fellowship 226354 from CONACYT. The authors thank Dr. Alfonso Lejia from Centro de Ciencias Genomicas, UNAM, for technical ´assistance. The authors are indebted to Dr. T Fitzgerald from Florida A&M University for his kind gift of the colchicine analog 2-methoxy-5-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)-2,4,6-cycloheptatrien-1-one (MTC). Partial support from CONACYT (Grants CB 156276 and 222714) is acknowledged.The authors thank Laboratorio Nacional de Estructura de Macromoleculas (Conacyt 251613) for the spectroscopic and ´mass analyses and support given to J. F. D. from BIPPED2 and BIO2013-42984R from the Ministry of Economy of Spain.Peer reviewe

Administración del capital humano

El presente trabajo de investigación documental tiene como tema recursos humanos y como subtema administración del capital humano. Nuestro objetivo general para este seminario de graduación es analizar el proceso de administración del capital humano como elemento esencial en la organización, para lograr un desempeño eficiente en el manejo y desarrollo del personal. Este informe está estructurado bajo cuatro capítulos tales como: Antecedentes y generalidades de la administración del capital humano. Capitulo dos: El ambiente de la administración del capital humano. Capitulo tres: Planeación del capital humano y capitulo cuatro: Redes y dirección del capital humano. Bajo la modalidad de graduación cumpliendo con las normativas de graduación de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua (UNAN-Managua) y la aplicación de las rubricas elaboradas por el claustro Docente del departamento de administración de empresas, bajo la aplicación de las normas AP

Validez y confiabilidad del cuestionario de aceptación/rechazo-control parental (PARQ/C) en adolescentes del Valle de Toluca

Artículo científicoEl estudio del constructo de aceptación-rechazo en diferentes contextos ha mostrado su eficacia al relacionarlo con diferentes variables psicológicas, de ahí que el objetivo general de la presente investigación sea obtener las propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de Aceptación-Rechazo/Control parental (PARQ/C) de Rohner (2005) en adolescentes de la Ciudad de Toluca. Se trabajó con 290 participantes, los criterios de inclusión fueron que tuvieran entre 12 y 17 años, que habitaran con sus padres en el Valle de Toluca con ambos padres y que se encontraran cursando los niveles de secundaria o medio superior. El Cuestionario está constituido por 29 ítems y cinco dimensiones idénticas para ambos padres, se aplicó por medio de formulario de Google form, a través de diferentes plataformas, se les proporcionó el asentimiento y el consentimiento informado a sus padres. Las pruebas utilizadas para el análisis de datos fueron el KMO, la prueba de esfericidad de Barlett, el análisis factorial exploratorio y el coeficiente de Alfa de Cronbach. El análisis arrojó dos factores (cariño-afecto y hostilidad-indiferencia) para los padres y α= .900, para las madres tres factores (cariño-afecto, hostilidad-rechazo y control) α= .893. Se concluye que el PARQ/C, posee adecuados niveles de validez y confiabilidad para adolescentes del Valle de Toluca, México

Validez y confiabilidad del cuestionario de aceptación/rechazo-control parental (PARQ/C) en adolescentes del Valle de Toluca

The study of the acceptance-rejection construct in different contexts has shown its effectiveness by relating it to different psychological variables, therefore the general objective of this research is to obtain the psychometric properties of the Acceptance-Rejection/Parental Control Questionnaire (PARQ/C) by Rohner (2005) in adolescents from the City of Toluca. We worked with 290 participants, the inclusion criteria were that they were between 12 and 17 years old, that they lived with their parents in the Toluca Valley with both parents, and that they were in high school or high school. The Questionnaire is made up of 29 items and five identical dimensions for both parents, it was applied through a Google form, through different platforms, assent and informed consent were provided to their parents. The tests used for data analysis were the KMO, Bartlett's sphericity test, exploratory factor analysis, and Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. The analysis showed two factors (affection-affection and hostility-indifference) for fathers and α= .900, three factors for mothers (affection-affection, hostility-rejection and control) α= .893. It is concluded that the PARQ/C has adequate levels of validity and reliability for adolescents from the Valley of Toluca, Mexico.El estudio del constructo de aceptación-rechazo en diferentes contextos ha mostrado su eficacia al relacionarlo con diferentes variables psicológicas, de ahí que el objetivo general de la presente investigación sea obtener las propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de Aceptación-Rechazo/Control parental (PARQ/C) de Rohner (2005) en adolescentes de la Ciudad de Toluca. Se trabajó con 290 participantes, los criterios de inclusión fueron que tuvieran entre 12 y 17 años, que habitaran con sus padres en el Valle de Toluca con ambos padres y que se encontraran cursando los niveles de secundaria o medio superior. El Cuestionario está constituido por 29 ítems y cinco dimensiones idénticas para ambos padres, se aplicó por medio de formulario de Google form, a través de diferentes plataformas, se les proporcionó el asentimiento y el consentimiento informado a sus padres. Las pruebas utilizadas para el análisis de datos fueron el KMO, la prueba de esfericidad de Barlett, el análisis factorial exploratorio y el coeficiente de Alfa de Cronbach. El análisis arrojó dos factores (cariño-afecto y hostilidad-indiferencia) para los padres y α= .900, para las madres tres factores (cariño-afecto, hostilidad-rechazo y control) α= .893. Se concluye que el PARQ/C, posee adecuados niveles de validez y confiabilidad para adolescentes del Valle de Toluca, México

Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala Necesidad de Pertenencia (ENP) en adolescentes Mexicanos

The present study aimed to obtain the psychometric properties of the Need for Belonging (ENP) Scale of Schreindorfer y Leary in adolescents from the Valle de Toluca, Estado de Mexico. It is a confirmatory study, with a non-probabilistic convenience sample in which 200 adolescents (95 women and 105 men) participated, with an average age of 14.04 years (SD = 1.46). The application was self-administered via mobile devices (telephone, computer, tablet) with signed assent and informed consent by the participants and their parents during the period from February 2 to March 27, 2021. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to verify the factorial structure, which resulted in a two-factor solution in the re-specified model. The goodness of fit indices was adequate (SRMR = 0.05, RMSEA = 0.080, CFI = 0.94, TLI = 0.91). (0.80), as well as the internal consistency (α = 0.80, ω = 0.82). It is concluded that the ENP has adequate psychometric properties for Mexican adolescents.El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo obtener las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Necesidad de Pertenencia (ENP) de Schreindorfer, y Leary en adolescentes del Valle de Toluca, Estado de México. Es un estudio confirmatorio, con una muestra no probabilística por conveniencia en la que participaron 200 adolescentes (95 mujeres y 105 varones) con una edad promedio de 14.04 años (DE = 1.46). La aplicación fue autoadministrada vía dispositivos móviles (teléfono, computadora, tableta) con firma asentimiento y consentimiento informado por los participantes y sus padres durante el periodo del 02 de febrero al 27 de marzo de 2021. Para comprobar la estructura factorial se utilizó el análisis factorial confirmatorio que dio como resultado una solución de dos factores en el modelo reespecificado. Los índices de bondad de ajuste fueron adecuados (SRMR=0.05, RMSEA=0.080, CFI=0.94, TLI=0.91). (0.80), así como la consistencia interna (α=0.80, ω= 0.82). Se concluye que la ENP posee confiabilidad e índices de bondad adecuados para adolescentes mexicanos

Inter- and intracontinental migrations and local differentiation have shaped the contemporary epidemiological landscape of canine parvovirus in South America

Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a fast-evolving single-stranded DNA virus that causes one of the most significant infectious diseases of dogs. Although the virus dispersed over long distances in the past, current populations are considered to be spatially confined and with only a few instances of migration between specific localities. It is unclear whether these dynamics occur in South America where global studies have not been performed. The aim of this study is to analyze the patterns of genetic variability in South American CPV populations and explore their evolutionary relationships with global strains. Genomic sequences of sixty-three strains from South America and Europe were generated and analyzed using a phylodynamic approach. All the obtained strains belong to the CPV-2a lineage and associate with global strains in four monophyletic groups or clades. European and South American strains from all the countries here analyzed are representative of a widely distributed clade (Eur-I) that emerged in Southern Europe during 1990–98 to later spread to South America in the early 2000s. The emergence and spread of the Eur-I clade were correlated with a significant rise in the CPV effective population size in Europe and South America. The Asia-I clade includes strains from Asia and Uruguay. This clade originated in Asia during the late 1980s and evolved locally before spreading to South America during 2009–10. The third clade (Eur-II) comprises strains from Italy, Brazil, and Ecuador. This clade appears in South America as a consequence of an early introduction from Italy to Ecuador in the middle 1980s and has experienced extensive local genetic differentiation. Some strains from Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil constitute an exclusive South American clade (SA-I) that emerged in Argentina in the 1990s. These results indicate that the current epidemiological scenario is a consequence of inter- and intracontinental migrations of strains with different geographic and temporal origins that set the conditions for competition and local differentiation of CPV populations. The coexistence and interaction of highly divergent strains are the main responsible for the drastic epidemiological changes observed in South America in the last two decades. This highlights the threat of invasion from external sources and the importance of whole-genome resolution to robustly infer the origin and spread of new CPV variants. From a taxonomic standpoint, the findings herein show that the classification system that uses a single amino acid to identify variants (2a, 2b, and 2c) within the CPV-2a lineage does not reflect phylogenetic relationships and is not suitable to analyze CPV evolution. In this regard, the identification of clades or sublineages within circulating CPV strains is the first step towards a genetic and evolutionary classification of the virus

Liver injury in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with urea cycle enzyme dysregulation

The main aim was to evaluate changes in urea cycle enzymes in NAFLD patients and in two preclinical animal models mimicking this entity. Seventeen liver specimens from NAFLD patients were included for immunohistochemistry and gene expression analyses. Three-hundred-and-eighty-two biopsy-proven NAFLD patients were genotyped for rs1047891, a functional variant located in carbamoyl phosphate synthetase-1 (CPS1) gene. Two preclinical models were employed to analyse CPS1 by immunohistochemistry, a choline deficient high-fat diet model (CDA-HFD) and a high fat diet LDLr knockout model (LDLr −/−). A significant downregulation in mRNA was observed in CPS1 and ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC1) in simple steatosis and NASH-fibrosis patients versus controls. Further, age, obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m), diabetes mellitus and ALT werefound to be risk factors whereas A-allele from CPS1 was a protective factor from liver fibrosis. CPS1 hepatic expression was diminished in parallel with the increase of fibrosis, and its levels reverted up to normality after changing diet in CDA-HFD mice. In conclusion, liver fibrosis and steatosis were associated with a reduction in both gene and protein expression patterns of mitochondrial urea cycle enzymes. A-allele from a variant on CPS1 may protect from fibrosis development. CPS1 expression is restored in a preclinical model when the main trigger of the liver damage disappears.The research leading to these results has received funding from the Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía under grant agreement PC-0148-2016-0148 and PE-0451-2018 and Instituto de Salud Carlos III under grant agreements CD21/00095, PI16/01842, PI19/01404, PI19/00589, IFI18/00041, FI20/00201, CD18/00126 and EHD18PI04/2021. Rocío Gallego-Durán has received the Andrew K Burroughs Fellowship from European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), Aprendizaje de Nuevas Tecnologías fellowship from Asociación Española para el Estudio del Hígado (AEEH) and CIBERehd Grant to support researcher’s mobility