Chiral separation of substituted phenylalanine analogues using chiral palladium phosphine complexes with enantioselective liquid–liquid extraction

Chiral palladium phosphine complexes have been employed in the chiral separation of amino acids and phenylalanine analogues in particular. The use of (S)-xylyl-BINAP as a ligand for the palladium complex in enantioselective liquid–liquid extraction allowed the separation of the phenylalanine analogues with the highest operational selectivity reported to date. 31P NMR, FTIR, FIR, UV-Vis, CD and Raman spectroscopy methods have been applied to gain insight into the binding mechanism of the amino acid substrates with the chiral palladium phosphine complexes. A complexation in a bidentate fashion is proposed.

Inbreeding and its Effect on Performance Traits in Austrian Meat Sheep

The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of inbreeding of meat performance tested herd book sheep in Austria and to evaluate the effect of individual inbreeding on growth and CT (computer tomography) scan carcass traits. Performance data (13,614 records, five breeds: Merinoland, Suff olk, Texel, German Blackheaded Meat sheep, Jura) were collected in the years 2000-2010. The traits analysed were live weight and average daily gain, as well as traits of body frame, back fat and eye muscle area, all measured on live animals with CT. Inbreeding coefficients (F) were calculated with the soft ware PEDIG. F was nested within breed and tested in a mixed model using ASReml. Levels of inbreeding were low with O F of 1.5-3.1%. Only few traits were significantly affected by inbreeding. Both positive and negative effects were found. The effects were small, most oft en nonlinear and vary across breeds. Inbreeding and its effects on performance traits do not seem to be an issue in Austrian meat sheep populations at the moment. However, monitoring and further analyses are recommended

Tuuurbine: A Generic CBR Engine over RDFS

International audienceThis paper presents Tuuurbine, a case-based reasoning (CBR) system for the Semantic Web. Tuuurbine is built as a generic CBR system able to reason on knowledge stored in RDF format; it uses Semantic Web technologies like RDF/RDFS, RDF stores, SPARQL, and optionally Semantic Wikis. Tuuurbine implements a generic case-based inference mechanism in which adaptation consists in retrieving similar cases and in replacing some features of these cases in order to obtain one or more solutions for a given query. The search for similar cases is based on a generalization/specialization method performed by means of generalization costs and adaptation rules. The whole knowledge (cases, domain knowledge, costs, adaptation rules) is stored in an RDF store

Interpretation of Best Medical Coding Practices by Case-Based Reasoning - A User Assistance Prototype for Data Collection for Cancer Registries

International audienceIn the fight against cancer, cancer registries are an important tool. At the heart of these registries is the data collection and coding process. This process is ruled by complex international standards and numerous best practices, which can easily overwhelm (coding) operators. In this paper, a system assisting operators in the interpretation of best medical coding practices and a short evaluation are presented. By leveraging the arguments used by the coding experts to determine the best coding option, the proposed system answers coding questions from operators and provides a partial explanation for the proposed solution

Оптимизация технологических показателей на стадии падения добычи нефти в процессе разработки нефтяных месторождений

Объектом исследования являются технологические процессы на стадии падения добычи нефти. Цель исследования – анализ эффективности технологических процессов при разработке нефтяных месторождений на стадии падения добычи нефти. В процессе исследования были разобраны геолого-технологические проблемы разработки месторождений на стадии падения добычи нефти, произведен обзор современных методов к решению задач по оптимизации процессов добычи. В результате исследования выявлен положительный эффект от проведения оптимизационных мероприятий, а также описан комплексный подход к оптимизации процессов добычи.The object of research is technological processes at the stage of oil production decline. The purpose of the study is to analyze the efficiency of technological processes in the development of oil fields at the stage of a decline in oil production. In the course of the study, the geological and technological problems of field development at the stage of the decline in oil production were analyzed, and a review of modern methods for solving problems of optimizing production processes was made. As a result of the study, a positive effect from the implementation of optimization measures was revealed, and an integrated approach to the optimization of production processes was described

Continuous Separation of Racemic 3,5-Dinitrobenzoyl-Amino Acids in a Centrifugal Contact Separator with the Aid of Cinchona-Based Chiral Host Compounds

The resolution of racemates is mostly performed by crystallisation of diastereomeric salts. Direct physical separation could be much more efficient,but so far most concepts, with the exception of SMB, have proven to be non-scaleable. Here we report the first scalable process for the resolution of N-protected amino acid derivatives through selective extraction, with the aid of a catalytic amount of a chiral host compound based on Cinchona alkaloids. The method hinges on the use of centrifugal contact separators (CCSs) for fast mixing and separation. Although the highest ee obtained was only 80%, the concept can be extended through the use of a series of CCSs in countercurrent mode to effect full separation

Case-Based Interpretation of Best Medical Coding Practices — Application to Data Collection for Cancer Registries

International audienceCancer registries are important tools in the fight against cancer. At the heart of these registries is the data collection and coding process. Ruled by complex international standards and numerous best practices, operators are easily overwhelmed. In this paper, a system is presented to assist operators in the interpretation of best medical coding practices. By leveraging the arguments used by the coding experts to determine the best coding option, the proposed system is designed to answer the coding questions from operators and provide an answer associated with a partial explanation for the proposed solution

Highly efficient enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction of 1,2-amino-alcohols using SPINOL based phosphoric acid hosts

Access to enantiopure compounds on large scale in an environmentally friendly and cost-efficient manner remains one of the greatest challenges in chemistry. Resolution of racemates using enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction has great potential to meet that challenge. However, a relatively feeble understanding of the chemical principles and physical properties behind this technique has hampered the development of hosts possessing sufficient resolving power for their application to large scale processes. Herein we present, employing the previously untested SPINOL based phosphoric acids host family, an in depths study of the parameters affecting the efficiency of the resolution of amino-alcohols in the optic of further understanding the core principles behind ELLE. We have systematically investigated the dependencies of the enantioselection by parameters such as the choice of solvent, the temperature, as well as the pH and bring to light many previously unsuspected and highly intriguing interactions. Furthermore, utilizing these new insights to our advantage, we developed novel, highly efficient, extraction and resolving protocols which provide remarkable levels of enantioselectivity. It was shown that the extraction is catalytic in host by demonstrating transport in a U-tube and finally it was demonstrated how the solvent dependency could be exploited in an unprecedented triphasic resolution system