THE PREVALENCE OF LEPROSY AMONG DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS IN THE BLUE NILE VALLEY OF WESTERN ETHIOPIA

ABSTRACT: An epidemiological study of leprosy among different ethnic groups in the Blue Nile valley of western Ethiopia was conducted to obtain baseline data on disease prevalence. A total of 1430 people in three villages were examined for clinical signs and symptoms of leprosy. History, physical examination and skin smears were done. The prevalence rate of leprosy was found to be the highest (53/1000) among the Nilotic people on the southern banks of the Blue Nile River, while the prevalence for Oromo people of the highest altitudes was near zero. For the Nilotic people of Dalati (altitude 1,200 m) the prevalence rate was 18/1000. Although it constitutes a major health problem in the lowlands, leprosy seems to be comparatively less prevalent in the highlands. Possible socio-cultural explanations for this epidemiological pattern of leprosy in Mendi District are discussed and suggestions for further investigation and control measures are given

Hasil dan Motivasi Belajar Siswa Mata Pelajaran IPS Melalui Metode Kooperatif Tipe Modelling The Way

This research was conducted in two cycles, namely cycle I which was held 2 times and cycle II which was also held as much as 2 meetings. This research was conducted for 3 months and supplemented by summarizing all existing research results. The result is an increase in student learning in Class V SDN 30 Parepare through the cooperative learning model Modeling The Way is (i) in the first cycle, including the medium category with an average value of 66.25 while in the second cycle progressing with a very high category with an average value - average 78,13, (ii) there was an increase in the learning outcomes of Class V students of SDN 30 Parepare through the Modeling the Way cooperative learning model, both qualitatively and quantitatively. So this model is considered quite effective in teaching, especially in the field of social studies at elementary school level, because it can improve student learning outcomes, both in doing their assignments at school and trying to provide opportunities for students to do and try in each of their learning activities.Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua siklus, yaitu siklus I yang dilaksanakan 2 kali pertemuan dan siklus II yang juga dilaksanakan sebanyak 2 kali pertemuan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama 3 bulan dan ditambah dengan merangkum semua hasil penelitian yang ada. Hasilnya peningkatan belajar siswa Kelas V SDN 30 Parepare melalui model pembelajaran kooperatif Modelling The Way ini adalah (i) pada siklus I, termasuk kategori sedang dengan jumlah nilai rata-rata 66,25 sedangkan pada siklus II mengalami kemajuan dengan kategori sangat tinggi dengan nilai rata-rata 78,13, (ii) terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar siswa Kelas V SDN 30 Parepare melalui model pembelajaran kooperatif Modelling the Way, baik secara kualitatif maupun kuantitatif. Maka model ini dinilai cukup efektif diterapkan dalam mengajar, khususnya bidang studi IPS di jenjang SD, karena dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa, baik dalam mengerjakan tugas-tugasnya di sekolah maupun berusaha memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk berbuat dan berusaha dalam setiap kegiatan belajarnya

THE PREVALENCE OF LEPROSY AMONG DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS IN THE BLUE NILE VALLEY OF WESTERN ETHIOPIA

ABSTRACT: An epidemiological study of leprosy among different ethnic groups in the Blue Nile valley of western Ethiopia was conducted to obtain baseline data on disease prevalence. A total of 1430 people in three villages were examined for clinical signs and symptoms of leprosy. History, physical examination and skin smears were done. The prevalence rate of leprosy was found to be the highest (53/1000) among the Nilotic people on the southern banks of the Blue Nile River, while the prevalence for Oromo people of the highest altitudes was near zero. For the Nilotic people of Dalati (altitude 1,200 m) the prevalence rate was 18/1000. Although it constitutes a major health problem in the lowlands, leprosy seems to be comparatively less prevalent in the highlands. Possible socio-cultural explanations for this epidemiological pattern of leprosy in Mendi District are discussed and suggestions for further investigation and control measures are given

Approaches to the development of environmental education for Thailand

Environmental problems have increased in number and intensity in Thailand during the last few years. The explosion of the country\u27s population has been the primary factor that has caused several environmental problems. A related problem has been the misuse of natural resources which has directly affected environmental deterioration. Acceleration of the nation\u27s developing economy has resulted in increasing environmental problems. It is felt that environmental education would be an effective method to help ease environmental problems. It was the purpose of this study to develop some generalized approaches to environmental education which can be effectively used as a guide in developing environmental education programs in Thailand. In order to develop these approaches, it was also necessary to examine major components of environmental education in Thailand. Two principal components of environmental education were examined. The socioeconomic setting in Thailand was the first component analyzed and included an examination of the people, the economy, and educational system. The other component examined was resource development, in which forestry, agricultural, land, and rural development, were identified. Some general concepts and philosophies of environmental education which have been widely accepted in the United States were reviewed. This was followed by sets of suggested approaches in development of environmental education for Thailand. The approaches were distinguished into two major areas, school-oriented educational and nonschool educational approach. The school-oriented educational approach was concerned with formal and informal education within school. The nonschool educational approach emphasized the role of the Royal Forest Department in preparing study areas as well as other services and facilities in supporting environmental education in Thailand. Major recommendations of the study were: (1) Implement environmental education in Thailand\u27s school systems; (2) Establish an in-service teacher training program; (3) Provide interpretive services; and (4) Consider further study and research

Design and Development of a Microfluidic Platform to Induce Mechanical Stimuli on Growing Axons

In cases of injury and degenerative diseases, stresses can be placed on individual nerve cells in the human body that greatly, and often permanently, impact the function of the human nervous system. In order to treat these it is imperative to better understand the effects these stresses can have on the development and function of individual neurons. Because of the logistical difficulties of studying cells in-vitro, it has become increasingly popular to study neuronal cells in vivo using microfluidic devices. Current studies focus mainly on the impact of chemical signals on neurons. The focus of this study however, is to develop a versatile system for testing a variety of mechanical stimuli and its effect on axonal outgrowth and signaling in neurons. In this study a microfluidic device was designed and produced in which neurons could be cultured. The device design encourages unidirectional axon outgrowth in the cells so that once the cells are grown, stresses applied to the device itself will impact each cell in a similar manner. With the mold created, a high number of identical device can produced and cultured in parallel to study different mechanical stimuli such as tension and compressive forces placed on the axons.https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/u_poster_2016/1043/thumbnail.jp

Bullous cutaneous reactions

Allopurinol (xanthine oxidase inhibitor) is indicated for the treatment of symptomatic hyperuricemia, the treatment of gout and the treatment and prevention of uric and calcium lithiasis. It is one of the leading drugs for severe toxic dermal reactions, such as Lyell Syndrome (NET), Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Dress Syndrome (Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms). We report the case of a 45-year-old woman who was hospitalized for bullous skin rashes, without pathological history, the patient had generalized erythematous and bullous rash (A, B and C) one week after taking allopurinol, prescribed by his rheumatologist for a gout. The diagnosis of bullous Cutaneous reaction due to allopurinol was retained, allopurinol was discontinued and the course was favorable with the disappearance of cutaneous lesions

Awareness about feeding optins for infants born to HIV positive mothers and mother to child transmission of HIV in Gurage zone, south Ethiopia

No Abstract. The Ethiopian Journal of Health Development Vol. 21 (1) 2007: pp. 40-4

Infant Bottle-Feeding Practice, Agaro Town, Southwest Ethiopia

BACKGROUND: The prevalence and duration of breast-feeding is declining and being replaced by formula milk. The morbidity and mortality of bottle fed infants is much greater than breast fed infants. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bottle-feeding and to assess factors that contribute to the practice of bottle-feeding. METHODS: A community based cross-sectional survey on factors contributing to bottle-feeding practice in Agaro town was conducted between February 5 and 9, 2001. A total of 224 mothers who had children between the ages of 0 and 24 months were included in the study. Statistical test of significance between bottle-feeding practice and different variables have been made. RESULTS: Most children were started on complementary diet before the age of 4 months. Only few mothers who had a chance to give birth in health institutions were advised on advantages of breast-feeding. The overall prevalence of bottle-feeding was 79 (35.0%). The practice of bottle-feeding was found to be higher among mothers with educational background above senior high school 8(66.7%), Government employees 11(63.1%) and those with relatively higher monthly family income 16(76.2%). The main reasons bottle-feeding practice was insufficient breast milk 56(70.9%) and mothers' workload. Among mothers who had a chance to give birth in a health institution, few of them (23.7%) had got an advice about the initiation of breast-feeding and the potential hazards of bottle-feeding. CONCLUSION: The study indicated that the practice of bottle-feeding was high among mothers who are relatively high in their educational level and among those who were government employees. Health education on importance of exclusive breast-feeding for the first 4 months needs to be emphasized.Ethiop J Health Sci. Vol. 13, No. 1 January 200

The Quality of Care Provided to Patients with Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases: A Retrospective Multi-Setup Study in Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia

BACKGROUND: Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases are among the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, access to and quality of health care for patients is very low in developing countries including Ethiopia. Hospitals and Health Centers are the main sources of health care for such patients in Ethiopia. In this study we assessed the quality of care patients with Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases received in hospital and health center setups. METHODS: A retrospective multi-setup study was conducted in Jimma University Specialized Hospital and four Health Centers in Jimma Zone from February to March 2010. A total of 52 process indicators of quality covering three disease conditions: Diabetes, Hypertension and Epilepsy were measured by reviewing randomly selected medical records. Quality of care was measured as a proportion of recommended components of care actually provided to patients. And also outcome and structural measures were assessed to supplement process measures of quality. RESULTS: Six hundred seventy four medical records were reviewed. Recommended care components were actually provided to patients in 35.1% (95%CI:34.1%,36.0%), 38.5% (95%CI:37.5%,39.5%) and 60.1% (95%CI:59.3%,61.0%) of times on which patients were eligible, among patients with Diabetes, Hypertension and Epilepsy, respectively. After case mix adjustment, it was found that 45.9% (95%CI:45.4%,46.5%) of recommended components of care was actually provided to patients. This was 45.1% (95%CI:44.4%,45.8%) in the hospital and 30.5% (95%CI:29.7%,31.3%) in the health centers. Among patients for whom outcome data was available, optimal level of disease control was achieved only for 47 (30.5%), 40(38.5%) and 193 (52.9%) of patients with Diabetes, Hypertension and Epilepsy, respectively. CONCLUSION: The quality of care provided to patients with Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases is very low in both settings though it is relatively better in Jimma University Specialized Hospital. Therefore, a continuous process of quality improvement is recommended in both settings. KEYWORDS: Health care, Health care quality, Quality indicators, Guideline Adherence, Chronic diseases, Diabetes, Hypertension, Epileps