The Two-Nucleon Potential from Chiral Lagrangians

Chiral symmetry is consistently implemented in the two-nucleon problem at low-energy through the general effective chiral lagrangian. The potential is obtained up to a certain order in chiral perturbation theory both in momentum and coordinate space. Results of a fit to scattering phase shifts and bound state data are presented, where satisfactory agreement is found for laboratory energies up to about 100 Mev.Comment: Postscript file; figures available by reques

Pegasus IV: Discovery and Spectroscopic Confirmation of an Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxy in the Constellation Pegasus

We report the discovery of Pegasus IV, an ultra-faint dwarf galaxy found in archival data from the Dark Energy Camera processed by the DECam Local Volume Exploration Survey. Pegasus IV is a compact, ultra-faint stellar system (r1 2 = 41-+68 pc; MV = −4.25 ± 0.2 mag) located at a heliocentric distance of 90-+64 kpc. Based on spectra of seven nonvariable member stars observed with Magellan/IMACS, we confidently resolve Pegasus IV’s velocity dispersion, measuring sv = 3.3-+1.11.7 km s−1 (after excluding three velocity outliers); this implies a mass-to-light ratio of M1 2 LV,1 2 = 167-+99224M☉ L☉ for the system. From the five stars with the highest signal-to-noise spectra, we also measure a systemic metallicity of [Fe/H] =-2.63-+0.300.26 dex, making Pegasus IV one of the most metal-poor ultra-faint dwarfs. We tentatively resolve a nonzero metallicity dispersion for the system. These measurements provide strong evidence that Pegasus IV is a dark-matter-dominated dwarf galaxy, rather than a star cluster. We measure Pegasus IV’s proper motion using data from Gaia Early Data Release 3, finding (μα*, μδ) = (0.33 ± 0.07, −0.21 ± 0.08) mas yr−1. When combined with our measured systemic velocity, this proper motion suggests that Pegasus IV is on an elliptical, retrograde orbit, and is currently near its orbital apocenter. Lastly, we identify three potential RR Lyrae variable stars within Pegasus IV, including one candidate member located more than 10 half-light radii away from the system’s centroid. The discovery of yet another ultra-faint dwarf galaxy strongly suggests that the census of Milky Way satellites is still incomplete, even within 100 kpc

Study of the lineshape of the chi(c1) (3872) state

A study of the lineshape of the chi(c1) (3872) state is made using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb(-1) collected in pp collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV with the LHCb detector. Candidate chi(c1)(3872) and psi(2S) mesons from b-hadron decays are selected in the J/psi pi(+)pi(-) decay mode. Describing the lineshape with a Breit-Wigner function, the mass splitting between the chi(c1 )(3872) and psi(2S) states, Delta m, and the width of the chi(c1 )(3872) state, Gamma(Bw), are determined to be (Delta m=185.598 +/- 0.067 +/- 0.068 Mev,)(Gamma BW=1.39 +/- 0.24 +/- 0.10 Mev,) where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. Using a Flatte-inspired model, the mode and full width at half maximum of the lineshape are determined to be (mode=3871.69+0.00+0.05 MeV.)(FWHM=0.22-0.04+0.13+0.07+0.11-0.06-0.13 MeV, ) An investigation of the analytic structure of the Flatte amplitude reveals a pole structure, which is compatible with a quasibound D-0(D) over bar*(0) state but a quasivirtual state is still allowed at the level of 2 standard deviations

Measurement of the CKM angle γγ in B±→DK±B^\pm\to D K^\pm and B±→Dπ±B^\pm \to D π^\pm decays with D→KS0h+h−D \to K_\mathrm S^0 h^+ h^-

A measurement of $CP$-violating observables is performed using the decays $B^\pm\to D K^\pm$ and $B^\pm\to D \pi^\pm$, where the $D$ meson is reconstructed in one of the self-conjugate three-body final states $K_{\mathrm S}\pi^+\pi^-$ and $K_{\mathrm S}K^+K^-$ (commonly denoted $K_{\mathrm S} h^+h^-$). The decays are analysed in bins of the $D$-decay phase space, leading to a measurement that is independent of the modelling of the $D$-decay amplitude. The observables are interpreted in terms of the CKM angle $\gamma$. Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $9\,\text{fb}^{-1}$ collected in proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of $7$, $8$, and $13\,\text{TeV}$ with the LHCb experiment, $\gamma$ is measured to be $\left(68.7^{+5.2}_{-5.1}\right)^\circ$. The hadronic parameters $r_B^{DK}$, $r_B^{D\pi}$, $\delta_B^{DK}$, and $\delta_B^{D\pi}$, which are the ratios and strong-phase differences of the suppressed and favoured $B^\pm$ decays, are also reported

Antioxidant properties of solid-state fermented adlay and rice by Phellinus linteus

Phellinus linteus (Berkeley & Curtis) Teng (Hymenochaetaceae) was inoculated into cooked grains, and new products were formed after the colonisation of fungal mycelia. Our objective was to evaluate the antioxidant properties of ethanolic and hot water extracts front fermented products [Phellinus-fermented adlay (PFA) and rice (PFR)] as compared to uninoculated controls [polished adlay (PA) and rice (PR)]. PFA and PFR were more effective than were PA and PR in antioxidant activity by the Conjugated diene method, reducing power, scavenging ability on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals and chelating ability on ferrous ions. Total phenols were the major antioxidant Components found in both extracts (1.31-9.10 mg/g). Flavonoid contents were in the range of 0.07-1.26 mg/g. Total phenols and flavonoids of two extracts were associated with antioxidant properties. Based oil the results obtained, Phellinus-fermented products possessed effective antioxidant properties

Bioactive components and antioxidant properties of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) tea leaves

Various ethanolic concentrations (0-95%, v/v) and temperatures (25-95 degrees C) were used to extract gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) tea leaves. Extraction yields, and contents of total phenols, various catechins, GABA, theanine, and antioxidant properties of extracts were determined. The 50% (v/v) ethanol at 50-95 degrees C gave higher yields (32.05-32.56 g dried extract/100 g dried tea leaves). The bioactive components and antioxidant properties of extracts were affected by the ethanolic concentrations and temperatures. Among catechins, epigallocatechin gallate was the main catechin in all extracts, followed by epigallocatechin, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, gallocatechin and gallocatechin gallate. The 50-75% (v/v) ethanol at 75-95 degrees C gave higher contents of ester type (102.92-104.54 mg/g extract) and non-ester type (61.75-63.55 mg/g extract) catechins. Water at 50-75 degrees C gave higher GABA and theanine contents and higher chelating ability of extracts. The 75% (v/v) ethanol at 25-75 degrees C gave higher scavenging ability and reducing power of extracts. Based on dried tea extracts or leaves results obtained, the optimal extraction conditions to maintain the total contents of various catechins. GABA and theanine in the maximum level were 50% ethanol (v/v) and 75-95 degrees C. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Contents of sugars, free amino acids and free 5 '-nucleotides in mushrooms, Agaricus bisporus, during post-harvest storage

Common mushrooms, Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach, were stored at 12 degrees C for 12 days and composition changes were examined during post-harvest storage. The contents of total sugars, mannitol and fructose decreased steadily during storage, whereas the content of other reducing sugars, excluding fructose, remained constant. The content of total free amino acids increased from 77.92 at day 0 to 140.57 g kg(-1) at day 6, and then slightly increased to 151.65 g kg(-1) at day 12. The contents of nine amino acids increased over time, of these glutamic acid was the most significant. The content of monosodium glutamate-like components increased from 22.67 at day 0 to 47.12 g kg(-1) at day 12. However, the contents of sweet and bitter components increased comparably from 24.08 and 24.17 at day 0 to 47.15 and 50.75 g kg(-1) at day 12, respectively. Total 5'-nucleotide content peaked at day 3. The contents of three flavour 5-nucleotides were high at days 3 and 6. (C) 1999 Society of Chemical Industry

Antioxidant properties of methanolic extracts from Agaricus blazei with various doses of gamma-irradiation

Agaricus blazei Murrill (Agariaceae) was irradiated with gamma rays at doses of 2.5. 5, 10, 15 and 20 kGy and the antioxidant properties of its methanolic extracts were studied. At 7.5 and 10.0 mg/ml, antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts from 2.5 to 20 kGy gamma-irradiated A. blazei were significantly higher than those of methanolic extract from the nonirradiated control. At 0.5-7.5 mg/ml, reducing powers of methanolic extracts from A. blazei with 2.5, 10, 15 and 20 kGy of irradiation and without irradiation were comparable. All methanolic extracts showed excellent scavenging abilities of 95.2-100.7% against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals at 0.5 mg/ml. With regard to the scavenging ability against hydroxyl radicals, unirradiated and gamma-irradiated A. blazei were comparable. Total phenols were the major naturally occurring antioxidant components found in the range of 18.77-21.48 mg/g. All EC50 values were below 10 mg/ml, except values in reducing power, scavenging ability against DPPH radicals and chelating ability against ferrous ions were below 1 mg/ml. That indicates the unirradiated and irradiated A. blazei were good in antioxidant properties. Summarily, tip to 20 kGy of irradiation did not remarkably affect the amounts of total antioxidant components in A. blazei. (c) 2005 Swiss Society of Food Science and Technology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Nonvolatile taste components of three strains of Agrocybe cylindracea

Three strains of the mushroom Agrocybe cylindracea (strains B, M, and W) are commercially available. Strain W contained higher moisture content (91.50%) than strains B and M (90.35 and 90.34%, respectively). A. cylindracea strains were low in fat (2.18-2.71% dry weight) and high in fiber (16.15-16.70%) and protein contents (34.17-44.94%). Fructose, mannitol, and trehalose were detected in all three strains, whereas glucose was not detected in strain B. Strain W contained the highest amount of total free amino acids (63.34 mg/g of dry weight), and strain M contained the lowest (39.30 mg/g). The three strains contained high amounts of glutamic acid, threonine, arginine, and phenylalanine, with glutamic acid being the most significant. The contents of monosodium glutamate-like components, including aspartic and glutamic acids, were similar in three strains. Strain B contained the highest amounts of total 5'-nucleotides and flavor 5'-guanosine monophosphate (1.51 and 0.63 mg/g), whereas strain W contained the lowest (0.67 and 0.21 mg/g, respectively). In this study, the three strains were considerably different in both their proximate compositions and taste components and their physical appearances

Release of volatile compounds from microwave heating of garlic juice with 2,4-decadienals

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) juice and 2,4-decadienals were heated in a microwave oven at the full power of 700 W. The volatile compounds of heated samples were isolated using diethyl ether solvent extraction and analysed using gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 23 compounds were identified from these samples, among which 14 sulfide compounds, five aldehydes, two alcohols, one acid and one furan were identified. Three tentatively identified compounds, dithio(1-propenyl)propionate, dihydro-2(3H)-thiophenthione and n-hexanethiol were newly found in deep-fried garlic flavor. During microwave heating, levels of most volatiles decreased as the heating time continued. 2-Pentylfuran, isopropyl alcohol, hexanal and (E)-2-octenal were formed from the degradation of 2,4-decadienals. Sulfur dioxide was generated predominantly from the degradation and oxidation of sulfide compounds. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved