15 research outputs found
Perspectivas paleoetnobotânicas na arqueologia da Amazônia Central
Inspirado pelos problemas de pesquisa desenvolvidos pelo Projeto Amazônia Central1, o presente artigo aborda o potencial da paleoetnobotânica na elucidação das relações estabelecidas pelos grupos amazônicos com o mundo vegetal e como estas relações influenciaram definitivamente a história da Floresta Amazônica e dos grupos que nela viveramInspired by the research problems developed by the Central Amazon Project2, the present article focuses on Paleoethnobotany’s potential on shining light on the relationships established by Amazonian groups with the plant world, and how these relationships influenced in a definite way the history of the Amazon Forest and all the people who there live
Revealing Fires and Rich Diets: Macro- and Micro-archaeobotanical Analysis at the Hatahara Site, Central Amazonia
Numerous questions in Amazonian archaeology place great emphasis on the relationships between human groups and their environments, traditionally drawing inferences from ethnographic analogies. This analytical expedient is justified by the supposedly weak preservation potential of plant remains in the Amazonian environment; however, it is also rooted in a lack of collecting and systematic research of such botanical remains. This paper presents results of archaeobotanical studies undertaken at the Hatahara site, located in Central Amazonia. Analysis of macro and microbotanical remains produced direct evidence of relationships between humans and plants in pre-colonial Central Amazonia. Observation of microbotanical assemblages extracted from artifacts demonstrated a great diversity of dietary resources in the past, including the existence of cultivated and managed varieties of plants. These studies also pointed to a multifunctional use of certain artifacts, such as ceramic griddles. Anthracological analysis showed positive correlations between charcoal peaks and layers of anthropic soils (Amazonian Dark Earths), as well as a great floristic diversity in these charcoal assemblages, pointing to a complex scenario for the use of fire, as well as to the possibility of charcoal increases in the formation of these soils
A Roça Asurini e o Fogo Bonito de Aí
Resumo: a queima é uma prática comum nos sistemas tradicionais de agricultura, como de populações indígenas Asurini do Rio Xingu, no leste da Amazônia. As queimadas das roças envolvem não somente o controle da secagem das madeiras derrubadas e conhecimento do regime das chuvas, da temperatura do ambiente e da direção e velocidade dos
ventos, mas também negociações com o sobrenatural. Neste trabalho, estamos especialmente interessados no aspecto ritual do fogo durante a abertura e limpeza das roças Asurini, demonstrando através de observações obtidas em campo como o fogo toma dimensões
simbólicas nesta prática.
Palavras-chave: Asurini do Xingu. Fogo. Roça
O Ensino da Arqueologia Visto dos Bancos da Pós-Graduação
Resumo: este artigo trata do ensino de Arqueologia no Brasil em nível de pós-graduação a partir da visão de estudantes de pós-graduação. Mediante levantamento do perfil dos egressos dos programas de mestrado e doutorado em Arqueologia nos últimos cinco anos e do currículo obrigatório desses cursos, fazemos uma análise crítica sobre a formação dos
arqueólogos no Brasil atualmente.
Palavras-chave: Ensino da Arqueologia. Pós-graduação. Brasil
QUEM SOMOS NÓS? OU PERFIS DA COMUNIDADE PROFISSIONAL ARQUEOLÓGICA NO BRASIL: PRIMEIRAS APROXIMAÇÕES
Nos últimos vinte anos, a formação acadêmico-científica arqueológica cresceu exponencialmente no Brasil, culminando com o reconhecimento da profissão em 2018. No entanto, pouco sabemos sobre os perfis socioeconômico e profissional das pessoas atuantes na área, assim como de estudantes em processo de formação, em nível de graduação e pós-graduação. Para que se tenha uma visão geral do quadro da Arqueologia no país, propomos a realização de um levantamento demográfico, cujos primeiros resultados estão compilados neste manuscrito. Esta iniciativa nos possibilita delinear os desafios da inclusão e da representatividade no exercício da profissão, cujas reflexões nos auxiliarão na concepção de medidas práticas para uma mudança desse quadro, no futuro
Rapid assessment survey for exotic benthic species in the São Sebastião Channel, Brazil
The study of biological invasions can be roughly divided into three parts: detection, monitoring, mitigation. Here, our objectives were to describe the marine fauna of the area of the port of São Sebastião (on the northern coast of the state of São Paulo, in the São Sebastião Channel, SSC) to detect introduced species. Descriptions of the faunal community of the SSC with respect to native and allochthonous (invasive or potentially so) diversity are lacking for all invertebrate groups. Sampling was carried out by specialists within each taxonomic group, in December 2009, following the protocol of the Rapid Assessment Survey (RAS) in three areas with artificial structures as substrates. A total of 142 species were identified (61 native, 15 introduced, 62 cryptogenic, 4 not classified), of which 17 were Polychaeta (12, 1, 1, 3), 24 Ascidiacea (3, 6, 15, 0), 36 Bryozoa (17, 0, 18, 1), 27 Cmdana (2, 1, 24, 0), 20 Crustacea (11, 4, 5, 0), 2 Entoprocta (native), 16 Mollusca (13, 3, 0, 0). Twelve species are new occurrences for the SSC. Among the introduced taxa, two are new for coastal Brazil. Estimates of introduced taxa are conservative as the results of molecular studies suggest that some species previously considered cryptogenic are indeed introduced. We emphasize that the large number of cryptogenic species illustrates the need for a long-term monitoring program, especially in areas most susceptible to bioinvasion. We conclude that rapid assessment studies, even in relatively well-known regions, can be very useful for the detection of introduced species and we recommend that they be carried out on a larger scale in all ports with heavy ship traffic.Center of Marine Biology of the University of São Paulolhabela Yacht ClubCAPES-PROCAD 2007/150FAPESP (2004/09961-4; 2006/58226-0; 2010/06927-0)CAPES (Pró-Equipamentos and Prodoc projects)Boticário FoundationCNPqCAPESFAPESP (2008/10619-0)PNPD/CAPESFACEPE (BCT 0039-1.08/10)NP-BioMar, USPSpecial Issue: “Proceedings of the 3rd Brazilian Congress of Marine Biology”. A.C. Marques, L.V.C. Lotufo, P.C. Paiva, P.T.C. Chaves & S.N. Leitão (Guest Editors
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Evidence confirms an anthropic origin of Amazonian Dark Earths.
Arising from: Silva et al. Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20184-2 (2021
Getthing to the Root of the Question: Rethinking the role of cultivated plant use in the Amazonian past through Ethnoarchaeology amongst the Asurini of the Xingu River
O presente trabalho constitui um esforço em entender de que formas as plantas cultivadas e perdidas dos Asurini do Rio Xingu (Amazônia) exercem papéis sociais, simbólicos e identitários para este povo, e como estas plantas são incorporadas pelos Asurini em narrativas sobre o seu passado recente. Através de trabalho de campo nas aldeias Itaaka e Kwatinemu Novo, a pesquisa se utilizou das seguintes abordagens: o levantamento bibliográfico sobre a agricultura Asurini; a observação de práticas agrícolas em roças atuais e a visita a roças antigas; a realização de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com mulheres e homens Asurini; a análise de microvestígios botânicos (grãos de amido e fitólitos) de etapas do processamento de mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) observadas em campo, especialmente da produção de farinha. Os dados obtidos por estes diferentes métodos são discutidos tendo em vista o papel social que as plantas atualmente cultivadas e as plantas perdidas na história recente exercem entre os Asurini na atualidade. É também discutido de que forma o estudo da agricultura e o consumo de plantas cultivadas entre os Asurini no passado possa ser uma abordagem frutífera para se pensar o presente e o futuro deste povo.The present work constitutes an effort in understanding in what ways do the cultivated and lost plants of the Asurini of the Xingu River (Amazon) play important social, symbolic and identitary roles for this people, and how these plants are incorporated by the Asurini in narratives regarding their recent past. Through fieldwork in the villages of Itaaka and Kwatinemu Novo, the research utilized the following approaches: a bibliographical survey regarding Asurini agriculture; the observation of agricultural practices in current cultivating fields and the visiting of old fields; the conducting of semi-structured interviews with Asurini women and men; the analysis of botanical microvestiges (starch grains and phyoliths) from manihot (Manihot esculenta Crantz) processing stages observed in the field, especially of flour production. The data obtained by these different methods are discussed regarding the social role that currently cultivated plants and plants lost in recent history exert on the Asurini in modern days. It is also discussed in what way can the study of agriculture and cultivated plant use amongst the Asurini in the past be a fructiferous approach for reflecting on the present and future of this people
Swaying on Feather-Roses and Imperial Crests: Brazilian Feather-Decorated Hammocks, Nation-Building, and Indigenous Agency
Feather-decorated hammocks from the Amazon have been documented in travel reports and incorporated into museum collections from the nineteenth up to the early twentieth century. Here we present an analysis of five of these hammocks, housed in European museums. Through an object-centered approach, combining data obtained by direct observation of museum objects and associated documentation, historic travel reports and ethnographic literature, new information was obtained on the hammocks, such as possible areas of origin and indigenous producer groups. Results show that the production of these hammocks occurred in an area larger than traditionally believed, and that indigenous peoples at times decorated these hammocks in such a way as to express elements of their culture, imprinting ethnic markers onto artifacts that were many times considered as non-indigenous due to their production in transcultural contexts.Feather-decorated hammocks from the Amazon have been documented in travel reports and incorporated into museum collections from the nineteenth up to the early twentieth century. Here we present an analysis of five of these hammocks, housed in European museums. Through an object-centered approach, combining data obtained by direct observation of museum objects and associated documentation, historic travel reports and ethnographic literature, new information was obtained on the hammocks, such as possible areas of origin and indigenous producer groups. Results show that the production of these hammocks occurred in an area larger than traditionally believed, and that indigenous peoples at times decorated these hammocks in such a way as to express elements of their culture, imprinting ethnic markers onto artifacts that were many times considered as non-indigenous due to their production in transcultural contexts
Archaeological education seen from the graduate benches
Trata-se do ensino de Arqueologia no Brasil em nível de pós-graduação a partir da visão dos estudantes. Mediante o levantamento do perfil dos egressos dos programas brasileiros de mestrado e doutorado em Arqueologia nos últimos cinco anos e do currículo obrigatório desses cursos, os autores fazem uma análise crítica e abrangente sobre a formação dos arqueólogos no país