Gustavo Bolívar : el hombre de las narcotelenovelas

El presente artículo reseñará la principal obra del creador de la narcotelenovela en Colombia, Gustavo Bolívar, quien desde su primer trabajo para la televisión sobre el tema del narcotráfico, Sin tetas no hay paraíso, no dejó de revolucionar el género a través de la escritura de sus siguientes obras: Tres Caínes y cada una de las temporadas de El capo.El present article ressenyarà la principal obra del creador de la narcotelenovel·la a Colòmbia, Gustavo Bolívar, qui des del seu primer treball per la televisió sobre el tema del narcotràfic, com és Sin tetas no hay paraíso, no va deixar de revolucionar el gènere a través de l'escriptura de les seves següents obres, com van ser Tres Caínes i cadascuna de les temporades de El capo.This article focuses on Gustavo Bolívar's work as a creator of the narcotelenovela, genre born in Colombia. Since his first work, Sin tetas no hay paraíso (Without breasts there is no paradise), he revolutions the gener with the writing of Tres Caínes (Three Caínes) and with the three seasons of El Capo

Enzymatic reduction of azo and indigoid compounds

A customer- and environment-friendly method for the decolorization azo dyes was developed. Azoreductases could be used both to bleach hair dyed with azo dyes and to reduce dyes in vat dyeing of textiles. A new reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent azoreductase of Bacillus cereus, which showed high potential for reduction of these dyes, was purified using a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation and chromatography and had a molecular mass of 21.5 kDa. The optimum pH of the azoreductase depended on the substrate and was within the range of pH 6 to 7, while the maximum temperature was reached at 40°C. Oxygen was shown to be an alternative electron acceptor to azo compounds and must therefore be excluded during enzymatic dye reduction. Biotransformation of the azo dyes Flame Orange and Ruby Red was studied in more detail using UV-visible spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry (MS). Reduction of the azo bonds leads to cleavage of the dyes resulting in the cleavage product 2-amino-1,3 dimethylimidazolium and N∼1∼,N∼1∼-dimethyl-1,4-benzenediamine for Ruby Red, while only the first was detected for Flame Orange because of MS instability of the expected 1,4-benzenediamine. The azoreductase was also found to reduce vat dyes like Indigo Carmine (C.I. Acid Blue 74). Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidizing agent was used to reoxidize the dye into the initial form. The reduction and oxidation mechanism of Indigo Carmine was studied using UV-visible spectroscopy

A pH-driven transition of the cytoplasm from a fluid- to a solid-like state promotes entry into dormancy

Cells can enter into a dormant state when faced with unfavorable conditions. However, how cells enter into and recover from this state is still poorly understood. Here, we study dormancy in different eukaryotic organisms and find it to be associated with a significant decrease in the mobility of organelles and foreign tracer particles. We show that this reduced mobility is caused by an influx of protons and a marked acidification of the cytoplasm, which leads to widespread macromolecular assembly of proteins and triggers a transition of the cytoplasm to a solid-like state with increased mechanical stability. We further demonstrate that this transition is required for cellular survival under conditions of starvation. Our findings have broad implications for understanding alternative physiological states, such as quiescence and dormancy, and create a new view of the cytoplasm as an adaptable fluid that can reversibly transition into a protective solid-like state