Aspectos qualitativos da carcaça e carne ovina são modificados com uso de aspersão de água

The objective of this research was to investigate the qualitative aspects of sheep meat, after the submission or not of 20 carcasses to water spray. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, with two treatments with ten carcasses each and ten replicates. The carcasses were submitted and not submitted to water sprinkling for 10 consecutive hours in a cold chamber. Instrumental meat quality analyzes were performed on the Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscles, and occurred in two distinct periods, initially within the 24-hour post-mortem period and after 7 months of non-industrial freezing. The pH, meat and subcutaneous fat staining, cooking loss, water retention capacity, water activity, sarcomere length, shear force and body measurements of the carcass were analyzed. In addition to these, subjective color and marbling measurements and microbiological analysis (Escherichia coli) were included. After the analysis, it was observed that sputum carcasses, LTL muscle modified chroma within 24 hours post mortem and tonality after freezing (7 months). In addition, there was an increase in the microbiological count (5.9 x 10¹ and 4.3 x 10² UFC / cm²) and in the refrigerator yield (48.77, 46.28 kg). However, there was greater loss in cooling (4.87, 3.27%). And in for unprosted carcasses, there was a greater decline in pH 2 hours post mortem (pH 6.9) and lower final pH after 24 hours (pH 5.6). However, after freezing there was no significant difference (p<0.05) between treatments. For the other analyzes, no significant difference was found. The use or not of spraying for 10 consecutive hours in ovine carcasses, promotes unwanted changes in the qualitative aspects of the carcass and meat. In this sense, we do not recommend prolonged use (10 hours) of spraying on ovine carcassesO objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar os aspectos qualitativos da carne ovina, após a submissão ou não de 20 carcaças à aspersão de água. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento em bloco ao acaso, com dois tratamentos com dez carcaças cada e dez repetições. As carcaças foram submetidas e não submetidas à aspersão de água por 10 horas consecutivas em câmara fria. As análises de qualidade instrumental da carne foram determinadas nos músculos Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL), e ocorreram em dois períodos distintos, inicialmente dentro do período de 24 horas post mortem e após 7 meses de congelamento não industrial. Foram analisados pH, coloração de carne e gordura subcutânea, perda por cocção, capacidade de retenção de água, atividade de água, comprimento de sarcômero, força de cisalhamento e medidas corporais da carcaça. Além destas, foram incluídas a mensurações subjetivas de cor e marmoreio e a análise microbiológica (Escherichia coli). Após as análises, foi observado que nas carcaças aspergidas, o músculo LTL modificou o croma dentro de 24 horas post mortem e a tonalidade após o congelamento (7 meses). Além destes, houve aumento na contagem microbiológica (5,9 x 10¹ e 4,3 x 10² UFC/cm²) e no rendimento frigorífico (48,77; 46,28 kg). Contudo, houve maior perda no resfriamento (4,87; 3,27%). Para carcaças não aspergidas, houve maior declínio de pH 2 horas post mortem (pH 6,9) e menor pH final após 24 horas (pH 5,6). Entretanto, após o congelamento não houve diferença significativa (p<0,05) entre os tratamentos. Para as outras análises não foi constatada diferença significativa. O uso ou não de aspersão por 10 horas consecutivas em carcaças ovinas, promove alterações indesejadas nos aspectos qualitativos da carcaça e carne. Neste sentido, não recomendamos o uso prolongado (10 horas) de aspersão em carcaças ovina

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Alterações musculares e esqueléticas cervicais em mulheres disfônicas

Termo clínico, a disfonia envolve a todas as transformações e dificuldades durante a emissão vocal, as quais resultam no impedimento da produção normal da voz. Pacientes como esse problema, podem apresentar desequilíbrio da musculatura crâniocervical e laríngea e lesão orgânica subjacente. A disfonia resulta em modificações fonatórias, limitando atividades diárias relacionadas ao uso da voz, impactando na vida social e na qualidade de vida do indivíduo. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar alterações musculares e esqueléticas cervicais em mulheres com disfonia, conforme identificado na literatura científica sobre o tema. Para isso, realizou-se uma revisão integrativa de literatura, selecionando estudos nas bases de dados Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs) e Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline). A partir da análise qualitativa dos resultados, concluiu-se que dor intensa na região posterior do pescoço e na laringe se manifestam em mulheres disfônicas. Contribuem para isso a função prejudicada da articulação cervical e alterações da amplitude de movimento cervical. Com isso, compreende-se que o abuso vocal e o mau uso da voz como fatores mais comuns para a disfonia

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

A telerealidade da violência no cotidiano : Entrevista com philippe joron

http://revistaseletronicas.pucrs.br/ojs/index.php/famecos/article/view/16918International audienc

Anatomopathological Evaluation of Young Bulls (Bos taurus) Testicles Submitted to Immunocastration

Background: Immunocastration is a less invasive and painless procedure compared to surgical castration, which causes greater stress to animals, especially when performed improperly. Immunocastration stimulates the production of antibodies against Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH), temporarily blocking the hormone production by the male gonads. Anatomopathological evaluation of animals submitted to immunocastration with the establishment of different degrees of testicular degeneration helps to evaluate the efficacy of the different dose ranges used for this procedure. Because of the scarcity of information about this procedure in young bulls, the study aimed to compare the immunocastrated and non-castrated animals.Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen Angus-Limousin bulls were used from weaning (7 ± 1 months) to slaughtering (15 ± 1 months) with the establishment of two groups composed of nine non-castrated (NC) and nine immunocastrated (IC) animals. In the IC group, three doses of GnRH synthesis inhibitor vaccine (Bopriva®) were applied on days 0 (weaning), 87 and 223. At slaughter, scrotal circumference, weight (kg), width (cm), length (cm) and total size (width x length) of the testicles were obtained, then were routinely processed for histopathological analysis. Four degrees of testicular degeneration was established: grade 0 (no changes), grade 1 (mild), grade 2 (moderate) and grade 3 (severe). Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test to compare the means of macroscopic variables. The scrotal circumference started to decrease in the IC animals on day 132, with a certain growth from day 194. There was a significant difference between the two groups for width (P = 0.001), length (P = 0.004), total size (P = 0.003) and scrotal circumference (P = 0.04). Testicles of the IC group tended to be lighter (P = 0.06). The final difference between the groups was 6.3 cm for scrotal perimeter, with respective averages of 27.44 cm and 33.77 cm for the IC and NC group, respectively. In the microscopic evaluation, NC animals obtained grade 0. In the IC animals, 33.33% (3/9) had degeneration grade 1 with slight basement membrane tortuosity and Sertoli cell atrophy, 33.33% (3/9) obtained grade 2 with moderate tortuosity and thickening of seminiferous tubules, Sertoli and Leydig cell atrophy, and absence of spermatogenesis and 33.33% (3/9) reached grade 3, with decreased seminiferous tubules and a severe and diffuse atrophy of Leydig and Sertoli cells and complete absence of spermatogenesis, with a 1:5 ratio in seminiferous tubule diameter between NC and IC grade 3 animals, respectively.Discussion: There was a significant difference in several testicular macroscopic aspects between the two groups, similar to values using eight months old field-bred animals, with a difference of 8.78 cm between groups, also with the use of three doses of Bopriva. The only macroscopic variable that showed just a tendency of difference between the groups was testicular weight, whereas, in a study with crossbred animals with nine months old, there was a difference of 152 g in testicular weight between groups. Histologically, in immunocastrated two-year-old Nelore cattle, 85% demonstrated a total absence of spermatogenesis and 15% had a partial reduction, suggesting functional recovery of Sertoli cells after the last vaccination booster or partial inhibition of spermatogenesis. In this study, 90-day dose intervals produced effective immunization during 105 days, which is the suggested period for the third dose. The anatomopathological analysis proved to be effective for the comparison between the groups and the degree of the promoted degeneration

ABC-SPH risk score for in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients : development, external validation and comparison with other available scores

The majority of available scores to assess mortality risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in the emergency department have high risk of bias. Therefore, this cohort aimed to develop and validate a score at hospital admission for predicting in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients and to compare this score with other existing ones. Consecutive patients (≥ 18 years) with confirmed COVID-19 admitted to the participating hospitals were included. Logistic regression analysis was performed to develop a prediction model for in-hospital mortality, based on the 3978 patients admitted between March-July, 2020. The model was validated in the 1054 patients admitted during August-September, as well as in an external cohort of 474 Spanish patients. Median (25-75th percentile) age of the model-derivation cohort was 60 (48-72) years, and in-hospital mortality was 20.3%. The validation cohorts had similar age distribution and in-hospital mortality. Seven significant variables were included in the risk score: age, blood urea nitrogen, number of comorbidities, C-reactive protein, SpO/FiO ratio, platelet count, and heart rate. The model had high discriminatory value (AUROC 0.844, 95% CI 0.829-0.859), which was confirmed in the Brazilian (0.859 [95% CI 0.833-0.885]) and Spanish (0.894 [95% CI 0.870-0.919]) validation cohorts, and displayed better discrimination ability than other existing scores. It is implemented in a freely available online risk calculator (https://abc2sph.com/). An easy-to-use rapid scoring system based on characteristics of COVID-19 patients commonly available at hospital presentation was designed and validated for early stratification of in-hospital mortality risk of patients with COVID-19