Application of machine learning techniques to optical communication systems and networks

This TFM reviews the application of machine learning techniques in optical communication systems and networks. In addition, it studies and compares the characteristics of various machine learning methods, such as: support vector machines, logistic regression, decision trees and random forests, to predict the quality of transmission when using optical circuits in wavelength routed optical communication networks. The models developed in this TFM offer better performance than previous proposals, mainly in terms of computing time, making possible its use in online mode even in highly dynamic networks, in addition to being simpler.El presente TFM realiza una revisión de la aplicación de técnicas de aprendizaje automático en los sistemas y redes de comunicaciones ópticas. Además, estudia y compara las características de diversos métodos de aprendizaje automático, tales como: máquinas de vectores soporte, regresión logística, árboles de decisión y bosques aleatorios, para predecir la calidad de la transmisión al emplear circuitos ópticos en redes de comunicaciones ópticas con encaminamiento por longitud de onda. Los modelos desarrollados en el TFM obtienen mejores prestaciones que propuestas anteriores, fundamentalmente en términos de tiempo de cálculo, posibilitando su utilización en modo on-line incluso en redes altamente dinámicas, amén de ser más sencillos.Departamento de Teoría de la Señal y Comunicaciones e Ingeniería TelemáticaMáster en Investigación en Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicacione

Defect Analysis and Detection of Cutting Regions in CFRP Machining Using AWJM

The use of composite materials with a polymeric matrix, concretely carbon fiber reinforced polymer, is undergoing further development owing to the maturity reached by the forming processes and their excellent relationship in terms of specific properties. This means that they can be implemented more easily in di erent industrial sectors at a lower cost. However, when the components manufactured demand high dimensional and geometric requirements, they must be subjected to machining processes that cause damage to the material. As a result, alternative methods to conventional machining are increasingly being proposed. In this article, the abrasive waterjet machining process is proposed because of its advantages in terms of high production rates, absence of thermal damage and respect for the environment. In this way, it was possible to select parameters (stand-o distance, traverse feed rate, and abrasive mass flow rate) that minimize the characteristic defects of the process such as taper angle or the identification of di erent surface quality regions in order to eliminate striations caused by jet deviation. For this purpose, taper angle and roughness evaluations were carried out in three di erent zones: initial or jet inlet, intermediate, and final or jet outlet. In this way, it was possible to characterize di erent cutting regions with scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and to distinguish the statistical significance of the parameters and their e ects on the cut through an analysis of variance (ANOVA). This analysis has made it possible to distinguish the optimal parameters for the process

Synthesis and reactivity of cyclopentadienyl chloro, imido and alkylidene tungsten (VI) complexes

This paper describes the synthesis and characterization of alkylidene pentamethylcyclopentadienyl imido tungsten(VI) complexes via α-hydrogen abstraction processes from suitable alkyl derivatives. Reaction of WCp*Cl4 with one equivalent of NH2R (R=tBu, 2,6-Me2–C6H3), two equivalents of NEt3 and subsequent oxidation with PCl5 affords the pentamethylcyclopentadienyl imido tungsten derivatives, WCp*(NtBu)Cl32 and WCp*(N-2,6-(Me2)–C6H3)Cl34. Alkylation of complexes 2 and 4 with 1.5 equivalents of ZnMe2 under appropriate conditions yields the trimethyl derivatives WCp*(NtBu)Me35 and WCp*(N-2,6-(Me2)–C6H3)Me3 6. Exposure of complex 6 to sun-light leads to the formation of WCp*(N-2,6-(Me2)–C6H3)(CH2)Me 7 through a α-hydrogen abstraction process. Analogously, complex 2 reacts with 1.5 equivalents of Mg(CH2Ph)-(thf)2 or three equivalents of LiCH2SiMe3 to give the alkylidene complexes, WCp*(NtBu)(CHPh)(CH2Ph) 8 and WCp*(NtBu)(CHSiMe3)Cl 9, through a spontaneous α-hydrogen abstraction process in these cases

COVID-19 and the reorientation of communication towards CSR

Intuitively, it was clear that the pandemic situation and, more specifically, the lockdown and schedule limitations were going to affect communication practices. In general, during the COVID-19 situation, companies have replaced the commercial or external communication used in previous years with a more corporate-like communication. Therefore, in this article we intend to verify how companies have carried out their communication actions under the umbrella of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the results obtained. In order to understand these changes, we have conducted a two-step sequential study that starts with in-depth interviews with Directors of Communication and concludes with a major survey of 214 companies. What this paper demonstrates is that communication practices have changed and are redirected towards CSR. This new communication discloses the measures that are being taken in relation to security, new sales, and product delivery alternatives, new services to older customers or customers at risk, to support employees for protection and conciliation, etc.—in short, a reorientation of communication towards CSR

Los ADPIC plus en los actuales tratados bilaterales impulsados por Estados Unidos y consecuencias en los países en desarrollo

El acuerdo sobre los Aspectos de los Derechos de Propiedad Intelectual relacionados con el Comercio (ADPIC) se describe como uno de los tres pilares de la Organizacióm Mundial del Comercio (OMC). Este artículo examina la distancia aparente que existe entre dos importantes instrumentos internacionales; los ADPIC y la Convención de Diversidad Biológica (CBD). Aquí se argumenta que en materia de Propiedad Intelectual, especialmente los llamados "ADPICS Plus", en los actuales tratados bilaterales tienen consecuencias negativas para los países en desarrollo en asuntos estratégicos como la salud, la biodiversidad y el conocimiento tradicional de los países pobres._______________________________The Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) is often described as one of the three pillars of the World Trade Organization (WTO).This paper examines the apparent lack of agreement between the two major international instruments; namely TRIPs and the Convention on Biological diversity (CBD). The Trips agreement defines minimum standards of protection for intellectual property rights (IPRs). This paper argues that current forms of bilateralism on IP has negative consequences for developing countries because the “TRIPS Plus” in bilateral agreements, undermine implementation of Doha declaration on TRIPS and Public Health, traditional knowledge, and biodiversity in poor countries

Polypurine Reverse-Hoogsteen Hairpins as a Tool for Exon Skipping at the Genomic Level in Mammalian Cells

Therapeutic strategies for rare diseases based on exon skipping are aimed at mediating the elimination of mutated exons and restoring the reading frame of the affected protein. We explored the capability of polypurine reverse-Hoogsteen hairpins (PPRHs) to cause exon skipping in NB6 cells carrying a duplication of exon 2 of the DHFR gene that causes a frameshift abolishing DHFR activity. Methods: Different editing PPRHs were designed and transfected in NB6 cells followed by incubation in a DHFR-selective medium lacking hypoxanthine and thymidine. Surviving colonies were analyzed by DNA sequencing, RT-PCR, Western blotting and DHFR enzymatic activity. Results: Transfection of editing PPRHs originated colonies in the DHFR-selective medium. DNA sequencing results proved that the DHFR sequence in all these colonies corresponded to the wildtype sequence with just one copy of exon 2. In the edited colonies, the skipping of the additional exon was confirmed at the mRNA level, the DHFR protein was restored, and it showed high levels of DHFR activity. Conclusions: Editing-PPRHs are able to cause exon skipping at the DNA level and could be applied as a possible therapeutic tool for rare diseases

Evaluación del impacto clínico de las alteraciones genéticas recurrentes en linfoma de Hodgkin

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica. Fecha de lectura: 28-04-2017Esta tesis tiene embargado el acceso al texto completo hasta el 28-10-201

Fisioterapia prequirúrgica en radiculopatía lumbar. Revisión bibliográfica narrativa

La radiculopatía lumbar es una patología crónica muy frecuente que produce un coste social y sanitario importante y tiene una prevalencia entre el 1.2% y 43% de la población general. Según la raíz nerviosa que esté afectada se perciben en diferentes zonas: dolor, alteraciones en la sensibilidad, alteraciones motoras y alteraciones en los reflejos. El dolor irradiado que se produce es experimentado como un pinchazo penetrante, punzante o quemante. Para su diagnóstico, se utilizan además de diferentes maniobras, técnicas de imagen y de electrodiagnóstico. Su tratamiento puede ser: farmacológico, quirúrgico y fisioterápico. Se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica narrativa utilizando diferentes bases de datos como Medline y PEDro, buscadores como Google Académico, libros y páginas web. Las palabras clave utilizadas en la búsqueda han sido “lumbar radiculopathy”, “lumbar radicular pain”, ”low back pain”, “sciatica”, “leg pain”, “physiotherapy”, “physical therapy”, “manual therapy”, “exercise”, “protocol”, “intervention”, “treatment”. El objetivo era conocer el tratamiento de fisioterapia en la radiculopatía lumbar prequirúrgica y las diferentes técnicas que se utilizan. En el tratamiento fisioterápico se utilizan: la manipulación, el masaje, la tracción, el ejercicio físico, los ejercicios de estabilización, el láser, el tratamiento neurodinámico y la acupuntura. No hay un acuerdo sobre los beneficios del masaje, la tracción, el ejercicio físico o de estabilización en los pacientes con radiculopatía lumbar. Si hay evidencia en el uso de la manipulación, el láser aplicado a baja frecuencia y la acupuntura aplicada de forma aislada o en combinación con moxa. No existe un consenso sobre los efectos beneficiosos del tratamiento fisioterápico prequirúrgico en la radiculopatía lumbar.Grado en Fisioterapi