Protective effect and expression of defense-related ESTs induced by acibenzolar-S-methyl and a phosphorylated mannan oligosaccharide-based product against Moniliophthora perniciosa in Theobroma cacao

Witches’ broom disease (WBD), caused by the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa, is one of the main diseases in cocoa (Theobroma cacao) and has caused severe economic losses. Integrated disease management has been the focus for its control and therefore, the identification of new inducers of plant resistance is desirable. Thus, the goal of this work was to evaluate two potential inducers of resistance against WBD. A phosphorylated mannan oligosaccharide-based product (PMO) and acibenzolar S-methyl (ASM) were tested on M. perniciosa inoculated seedlings and in field experiments and showed a reduction on the incidence of WBD. The expression of two defense-related expressed sequence tags (ESTs) in cocoa, coding for peroxidase (Pox) and chitinase (Chi), were accessed by qPCR. Both products induced the expression of the Pox defense-related EST. In general, ASM induced the expression of chitinase (Chi) and peroxidase (Pox) in earlier time-points than PMO. However, PMO provided long-lasting and higher levels of expression. Chi expression was triggered in the time-points succeeding the spraying but was very low. On the other hand, peaks of Pox transcripts were detected in later time-points for both inducers. ASM and PMO modes of action might be explained, at least partially, by the overexpression of defense-related ESTs.Keywords: Cocoa, witches’ broom disease, disease control, peroxidase, chitinase, induced resistance, elicitors, quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR)African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(12), pp. 1311-131

Fatores de risco, níveis de espiritualidade e uso de álcool em estudantes de dois cursos de enfermagem

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to analyze the relationships existing between risk factors, levels of spirituality and alcohol use among students of two nursing courses. The sample consisted of 313 students. The following were used: questionnaire with sociodemographic information, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Tests, and Spirituality Scale. Most participants were young females, single and catholic. Alcohol use was present in 83.4% of the sample and in nearly one third it was considered to be an alcohol use disorder. The risk factors were male gender and a low score on the spirituality levels. Studies of this nature are of great value in planning programs for the prevention of alcohol use in the university.Este é um estudo transversal e teve por objetivo analisar as relações entre fatores de risco, níveis de espiritualidade e uso de álcool em estudantes de dois cursos de enfermagem. A amostra foi composta por 313 estudantes. Foram utilizados: questionário de informações sociodemográficas, Teste de Identificação do Uso do Álcool e Escala de Espiritualidade. Houve predomínio de jovens do sexo feminino, solteiros e católicos. O uso de álcool esteve presente em 83,4% da amostra e quase um terço o consumia em níveis problemáticos. Os fatores de risco foram sexo masculino e baixa pontuação nos níveis de espiritualidade. Estudos dessa natureza são de grande valia quando da elaboração de programas de prevenção ao uso de álcool, no âmbito universitário.Estudio transversal, tuvo por objetivo analizar las relaciones entre factores de riesgo, niveles de espiritualidad y uso de alcohol en estudiantes de dos cursos de enfermería. La muestra se compuso de 313 estudiantes. Fueron utilizados: cuestionario de informaciones sociodemográficas, Test de Identificación del Uso de Alcohol y Escala de Espiritualidad. Existió predominio de jóvenes de sexo femenino, solteros y católicos. El uso de alcohol se hizo presente en 83,4% de la muestra, casi un tercio consumía en niveles problemáticos. Los factores de riesgo fueron: sexo masculino y baja puntuación en niveles de espiritualidad. Estudios de tal naturaleza resultan altamente valorables en la elaboración de programas de prevención del uso del alcohol en el ámbito universitario

PCR identification of lactic acid bacteria populations in corn silage inoculated with lyophilised or activated Lactobacillus buchneri

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of inoculation with lyophilised and/or activated Lactobacillus buchneri on lactic acid bacteria populations in corn silage. Experimental treatments consisted of corn silage without additives or silage with the inoculants of L. buchneri (1 x 105 cfu/g) applied according to the manufacturer’s recommendations (1 g/tonne fodder) in the forms of the lyophilised inoculant and pre-activated inoculant. Purified isolates from corn silage with and without the inoculant were identified, and 93% of the isolates corresponded to the lactic acid bacteria of the species Lactobacillus plantarum. Among the isolates, no bacteria of the species L. buchneri were detected. The application of lyophilised or activated L. buchneri improved the microbiological profile and reduced ethanol production in corn silage, even without being identified among the isolates captured 70 days after ensilage. Highlights: Lactic acid bacteria showed greater development at 7 days of fermentation. Lactobacillus plantarum predominated at 70 days, representing 93% of the total LAB population. Lactobacillus buchneri improved its microbiological profile with decreased ethanol production.This study aimed to evaluate the effect of inoculation with lyophilised and/or activated Lactobacillus buchneri on lactic acid bacteria populations in corn silage. Experimental treatments consisted of corn silage without additives or silage with the inoculants of L. buchneri (1 x 105 cfu/g) applied according to the manufacturer’s recommendations (1 g/tonne fodder) in the forms of the lyophilised inoculant and pre-activated inoculant. Purified isolates from corn silage with and without the inoculant were identified, and 93% of the isolates corresponded to the lactic acid bacteria of the species Lactobacillus plantarum. Among the isolates, no bacteria of the species L. buchneri were detected. The application of lyophilised or activated L. buchneri improved the microbiological profile and reduced ethanol production in corn silage, even without being identified among the isolates captured 70 days after ensilage. Highlights: Lactic acid bacteria showed greater development at 7 days of fermentation. Lactobacillus plantarum predominated at 70 days, representing 93% of the total LAB population. Lactobacillus buchneri improved its microbiological profile with decreased ethanol production

Consumption of sexually explicit media and unprotected anal sex in men who have sex with men

Publisher Copyright: © 2021, Associacao Brasileira de Pos - Graduacao em Saude Coletiva. All rights reserved.This study aimed to evaluate the influence of bareback sexually explicit media (SEM) consumption on anal sex without a condom by men who have sex with men (MSM). To this end, a page was created on the Facebook® social network with a link that directed interested parties to a questionnaire. Cisgender men, aged 18 years and over, who had sex with other men in the last 12 months, were included. Data were collected in 2017 and analyzed using univariate and bivariate inferential statistics and multivariate logistic regression. A total of 2,248 MSM participated in the research, with a mean age of 24.4 years and a mean number of 3.9 partners in the last 30 days. Having multiple sexual partners (ORa: 9.4; 95% CI 3.9-22.4), preferring movies with bareback scenes (ORa: 2.6; 95% CI 1.5-4.6), considering this practice a fetish and realizing it (ORa: 3.52; 95% CI 2.3-5.4), having casual partnerships (ORa: 1.8; 95% CI 1.5-1.9) and being aware of the partner’s negative serological status for HIV (ORa: 1.4; 95% CI 1.1-2.3) were factors that increased the likelihood of engaging in anal sex without a condom. Thus, we found an association between the consumption of bareback SEM and sex without a condom among MSM. Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência do consumo de mídia sexualmente explícita (MSE) de modalidade bareback na prática de sexo anal sem preservativo por homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH). Para tanto, foi criada uma página na rede social Facebook® com um link que direcionava os interessados para um questionário. Foram incluídos homens cisgênero, com 18 anos ou mais e que praticaram sexo com outro(s) homem(ns) nos últimos 12 meses. Os dados foram coletados em 2017 e analisados por meio de estatística inferencial (uni)bivariada e regressão logística multivariada. Participaram da pesquisa 2.248 HSH, com média de idade de 24,4 anos e média de 3,9 parceiros nos últimos 30 dias. Possuir múltiplos parceiros sexuais (ORa:9,4; IC95% 3,9-22,4), preferir filmes com cenas bareback (ORa:2,6; IC95% 1,5-4,6), julgar essa prática um fetiche e realizá-lo (ORa:3,52; IC95% 2,3-5,4), ter parceria casual (ORa:1,8; IC95% 1,5-1,9) e ciência do status sorológico negativo do parceiro para o HIV (ORa:1,4; IC95% 1,1-2,3) foram fatores que aumentaram as chances de envolvimento em sexo anal sem preservativo. Dessa forma, verificamos associação entre o consumo de MSE bareback e a prática de sexo sem preservativo entre HSH.publishersversionpublishe

CONSUMO DE MÍDIAS SEXUALMENTE EXPLÍCITAS E SEXO ANAL DESPROTEGIDO EM HOMENS QUE FAZEM SEXO COM HOMENS

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of sexually explicit media (MSE) consumption of the "bareback" type in the practice of anal sex without a condom by men who have sex with men (MSM). To this end, a Facebook® page was created, with a link that directed participants to the study questionnaire. Users who identified themselves as cisgendered men, aged 18 or over and who had sex with another man in the 12 months prior to the survey were included. Data were collected in 2017 across Brazil and analyzed using univariate and bivariate inferential statistics and multivariate logistic regression. 2248 MSM participated in the research, with a mean age of 24.4 years. Most were single (69.1%), with casual sexual partner (68.9%) and an average of 3.9 partners in the last 30 days. Have multiple sexual partners (ORa: 9.4; 95% CI 3.9-22.4), prefer films with bareback scenes (ORa: 2.6; 95% CI 1.5-4.6), judge this practice a fetish and perform it (ORa: 3.52; 95% CI 2.3-5.4), have casual partnership (ORa: 1.8; 95% CI 1.5-1.9) and awareness of the partner's negative serological status for HIV (ORa: 1.4; 95% CI 1.1-2.3) were factors that increased the chances of engaging in anal sex without a condom. Thus, we verified an association between the consumption of MSE in the "bareback" modality and the practice of sex without a condom among MSM.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência do consumo de mídia sexualmente explicita (MSE) do tipo “bareback” na prática de sexo anal sem preservativo por homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH). Para tanto, foi criada uma página no Facebook®, com um link que direcionava os participantes para o questionário do estudo. Foram incluídos os usuários que se identificavam como homem cisgênero, com 18 anos ou mais de idade e que praticaram sexo com outro homem nos 12 meses anteriores a pesquisa. Os dados foram coletados em 2017 em todo o Brasil e analisados por meio de estatística inferencial uni e bivariada e regressão logística multivariada. Participaram da pesquisa 2248 HSH, com média de idade de 24,4 anos. A maioria era solteira (69,1%), com parceria sexual casual (68,9%) e média de 3,9 parceiros nos últimos 30 dias. Possuir múltiplos parceiros sexuais (ORa:9,4; IC95% 3,9-22,4), preferir filmes com cenas bareback (ORa:2,6; IC95% 1,5-4,6), julgar essa prática um fetiche e realizá-lo (ORa:3,52; IC95% 2,3-5,4), ter parceria casual (ORa:1,8; IC95% 1,5-1,9) e ciência do status sorológico negativo do parceiro para o HIV (ORa:1,4; IC95% 1,1-2,3) foram fatores que aumentaram as chances de envolvimento em sexo anal sem preservativo. Dessa forma, verificamos associação entre o consumo de MSE na modalidade “bareback” e a prática de sexo sem preservativo entre HSH

Tuberculose pulmonar oportunista em paciente com HIV: sistematização da assistência de enfermagem/Opportunist pulmonary tuberculosis in a patient with HIV: systematization of nursing care

Causada pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a tuberculose é uma doença infecciosa e transmissível que afeta prioritariamente os pulmões, embora possa acometer outros órgãos. O tratamento da TB em pessoas vivendo com HIV (PVHIV) segue as mesmas recomendações para os não infectados. Objetivou-se explanar o conhecimento vivenciado a partir da utilização da SAE a um paciente com TB-HIV. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo do tipo relato de experiência desenvolvido em um hospital universitário da capital do Pará. O sujeito do estudo foi selecionado ao acaso, os dados coletados, analisados e posteriormente elencados os diagnósticos de enfermagem, implementadas as intervenções necessárias e verificado os resultados esperados, utilizando a taxonomia NANDA, NIC e NOC. Após identificação dos problemas, foram priorizados 4 diagnósticos de enfermagem e elaborou-se o plano de cuidados para cada um deles, evidenciando os resultados a serem alcançados por meio das intervenções. Sistematizar a assistência de enfermagem é, antes de tudo, oferecer ao paciente/cliente uma assistência de enfermagem determinada em lei, que possa garantir a biossegurança e a continuidade do cuidado

The occurrence of antimicrobial residues and antimicrobial resistance genes in urban drinking water and sewage in Southern Brazil

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is currently discussed as an important issue worldwide, and the presence of antimicrobial residues (ARs) and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment, especially in the water sources, is a challenge for public health. This study was conducted to evaluate the occurrence and diversity of AR and ARG in water sources from an urban center, in Southern Brazil. A total of thirty-two water samples from drinking water treatment plants (24) and sewage systems (8) were collected during two annual samplings, winter and summer. The PCR was performed by 18 ARGs, and the detection of 47 ARs was performed by LC–MS/MS. All sewage samples presented carbapenemases, ESBL, and mcr-1 genes as well as quinolones and sulfamethoxazole residues. In drinking water, we just detected blaTEM and tetB genes and doxycycline residues in samples before treatment. This study provides data about AR and ARG in drinking water and sewage systems showing that these sources are important reservoirs of both. The limited effectiveness of wastewater treatment processes to remove mainly AR demonstrates the need to implement better protocols of disinfection, in order to limit the spread of AMR in the environment

Effect of urea on gas and effluent losses, microbial populations, aerobic stability and chemical composition of corn (Zea mays L.) silage

We evaluated the effects of urea addition on gas and effluent losses, fermentation profile, microbial populations, aerobic stability and chemical composition of corn silages. A completely randomised design with five levels of urea (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% based on dry matter) and five replicates was used. A decreasing linear effect of urea levels on effluent losses in corn silages was observed. In parallel, an increasing linear effect of urea levels on pH, increasing from 3.49 to 4.12 in silages without urea in relation to silages with the maximum urea level, was also observed. Urea addition improved the aerobic stability of the silages, with 62 h for the silages without urea and from 90 to >96 h for the silages with urea. Based on the results of the principal components, two groups (I and II) could be distinguished. The most discriminating variables in group I were dry matter (-0.9), pH (-1.2) and lactic acid bacteria (-0.9), while in group II, effluent losses (1.0), ethanol (1.0), acetic acid (0.8) and gas losses (0.8) were most important. The use of urea at inclusion levels of around 2% in corn silage reduced gas losses, improved the nutritive value and promote the aerobic stability of silages

Physicochemical and microbiological parameters of dried salted pork meat with different sodium chloride levels

Anderson; da Silva ARAÚJO, Íris Braz; Oliveira do NASCIMENTO, Márcia Cristina Physicochemical and microbiological parameters of dried salted pork meat with different sodium chloride levels Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos

EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA NOS ANOS INICIAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL: A QUESTÃO DA UNIDOCÊNCIA

Este artigo é um recorte da pesquisa intitulada “Políticas de formação de professores: quais suas implicações na prática Pedagógica da educação física em escolas Públicas estaduais?” Tem como objetivo refletir sobre a educação física nos anos iniciais enfocando a unidocência como prática pedagógica e gratificação salarial. É uma investigação de natureza qualitativa, realizada através de análise documental e entrevista semi-estruturada com seis professores. Em que pese a argumentação pedagógica e legislativa que justifica a unidocência, a análise das informações aponta que, no tocante à .Educação Física, sua prática precisa ser revista