Atmospheric neutrinos in ice and measurement of neutrino oscillation parameters

The main goal of the IceCube Deep Core Array is to search for neutrinos of astrophysical origins. Atmospheric neutrinos are commonly considered as a background for these searches. We show that the very high statistics atmospheric neutrino data can be used to obtain precise measurements of the main oscillation parameters.Comment: expanded discussion of systematic uncertainties, 8 pages, 4 figure

Blue-LED activated photocatalytic hydrogenation of nitroarenes with Cu2O/CuO heterojunctions

This study describes how the optimization of Cu2O/CuO heterostructures can enhance their (photo)catalytic performance. More specifically, the evaluation of catalysts with different Cu2O/CuO molar ratios was used to optimize their performance for the hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol under both blue-LED light and dark conditions. For the first time, we analyzed the effect of blue LED irradiation on this reaction and found that when blue LEDs are used as the light source, a Cu2O/CuO ratio of 0.15 results in rate constants 7 to 3 times higher than those of catalysts with either lower (0.01) or higher (0.42) ratios. Furthermore, this photocatalyst shows good stability, >70% after 5 cycles, and excellent chemoselectivity in the selective reduction of the nitro group in the presence of other functionalities, i.e. –COOH, –CONH2 and –OH.The authors thank the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and AEI/FEDER, UE for funding through the projects refs. RTI2018-099504-B-C21 and PID2021-128761OB-C21. This project has received funding from the Generalitat Valenciana under project ref. AICO/2021/132

Topographical Organization of the Pedunculopontine Nucleus

Neurons in the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) exhibit a wide heterogeneity in terms of their neurochemical nature, their discharge properties, and their connectivity. Such characteristics are reflected in their functional properties and the behaviors in which they are involved, ranging from motor to cognitive functions, and the regulation of brain states. A clue to understand this functional versatility arises from the internal organization of the PPN. Thus, two main areas of the PPN have been described, the rostral and the caudal, which display remarkable differences in terms of the distribution of neurons with similar phenotype and the projections that originate from them. Here we review these differences with the premise that in order to understand the function of the PPN it is necessary to understand its intricate connectivity. We support the case that the PPN should not be considered as a homogeneous structure and conclude that the differences between rostral and caudal PPN, along with their intrinsic connectivity, may underlie the basis of its complexity

Fault Tolerant MPC Controller for Electric Heater Control

Los controladores MPC son buenos eliminando el error de estado estacionario aun si el sistema controlado es afectado por perturbaciones. Pero el MPC no fue pensado para mantener su desempeño bajo condiciones de falla por sí solo. El control tolerante a fallas se compone de algoritmos de control, estrategias de detección y compensación de fallas. En este trabajo se implementó un controlador MPC usando la estrategia de matriz dinámica junto con un generador de residuo basado en modelo para detectar la ocurrencia de una falla en el sistema controlado. La cuantificación de fallas se logró mediante el uso de Redes neuronales artificiales y un filtro pasa banda, lo cual permitió realizar una acción de compensación para mejorar el tiempo de recuperación del sistema ante una falla

On the inferential implications of decreasing weight structures in mixture models

Bayesian estimation of nonparametric mixture models strongly relies on available representations of discrete random probability measures. In particular, the order of the mixing weights plays an important role for the identifiability of component-specific parameters which, in turn, affects the convergence properties of posterior samplers. The geometric process mixture model provides a simple alternative to models based on the Dirichlet process that effectively addresses these issues. However, the rate of decay of the mixing weights for this model may be too fast for modeling data with a large number of components. The need for different decay rates arises. Some variants of the geometric process featuring different decay behaviors, while preserving the decreasing structure, are presented and investigated. An asymptotic characterization of the number of distinct values in a sample from the corresponding mixing measure is also given, highlighting the inferential implications of different prior specifications. The analysis is completed by a simulation study in the context of density estimation. It shows that by controlling the decaying rate, the mixture model is able to capture data with a large number of components

Fault Tolerant MPC Controller for Electric Heater Control

Los controladores MPC son buenos eliminando el error de estado estacionario aun si el sistema controlado es afectado por perturbaciones. Pero el MPC no fue pensado para mantener su desempeño bajo condiciones de falla por sí solo. El control tolerante a fallas se compone de algoritmos de control, estrategias de detección y compensación de fallas. En este trabajo se implementó un controlador MPC usando la estrategia de matriz dinámica junto con un generador de residuo basado en modelo para detectar la ocurrencia de una falla en el sistema controlado. La cuantificación de fallas se logró mediante el uso de Redes neuronales artificiales y un filtro pasa banda, lo cual permitió realizar una acción de compensación para mejorar el tiempo de recuperación del sistema ante una falla

Hole spin driving by strain-induced spin-orbit interactions

Hole spins in semiconductor quantum dots can be efficiently manipulated with radio-frequency electric fields owing to the strong spin-orbit interactions in the valence bands. Here we show that the motion of the dot in inhomogeneous strain fields gives rise to linear Rashba spin-orbit interactions (with spatially dependent spin-orbit lengths) and g-factor modulations that allow for fast Rabi oscillations. Such inhomogeneous strains may build up spontaneously due to process and cool down stress. We discuss spin qubits in Ge/GeSi heterostructures as an illustration. We highlight that Rabi frequencies can be enhanced by one order of magnitude by shear strain gradients as small as $3\times 10^{-6}$ nm$^{-1}$ within the dots. This underlines that spin in solids can be very sensitive to strains and opens the way for strain engineering in hole spin devices for quantum information and spintronics.Comment: 19 pages, 3 figure

Las relaciones interpersonales y la expresión oral en los niños de la Institución Educativa N° 10354 Cedro Pampa – La Capilla

El objetivo planteado para la ejecución de la investigación estuvo dirigido a determinar en qué medida la expresión oral se relaciona con las relaciones interpersonales en los estudiantes de 3er y 4to grado de Educación Primaria de la I.E. N° 10354 Cedro Pampa La Capilla. El estudio realizado se enmarcó en los estudios de tipo descriptivo correlacional; se usó el enfoque cuantitativo y un diseño no experimental. La recolección de datos fue posible mediante la elaboración y aplicación de instrumentos pertinentes, es decir, se suministró a las fuentes informantes dos instrumentos, una guía de observación para evaluar la expresión oral, y un cuestionario para evaluar las relaciones interpersonales, desde la percepción de los estudiantes. Los datos acopiados se procesaron a través de la técnica estadística tanto descriptiva como inferencial, la primera para identificar el nivel en que se ubica cada variable y la segunda para determinar el índice de correlación entre variables, proceso en el que fue necesario trabajar con los programas informáticos Excel y SPSS. Al término de la investigación se concluye que valor obtenido del estadístico Tau-b de Kendal adoptó el valor de 0,665, por lo que se asume que existe relación positiva moderada entre ambas variables, lo cual indica que si la expresión oral de los estudiantes mejora, también mejorarán las relaciones interpersonales entre ellos

Hole spin manipulation in inhomogeneous and non-separable electric fields

The usual models for electrical spin manipulation in semiconductor quantum dots assume that the confinement potential is separable in the three spatial dimensions and that the AC drive field is homogeneous. However, the electric field induced by the gates in quantum dot devices is not fully separable and displays significant inhomogeneities. Here, we address the electrical manipulation of hole spins in semiconductor heterostructures subject to inhomogeneous vertical electric fields and/or in-plane AC electric fields. We consider Ge quantum dots electrically confined in a Ge/GeSi quantum well as an illustration. We show that the lack of separability between the vertical and in-plane motions gives rise to an additional spin-orbit coupling mechanism (beyond the usual linear and cubic in momentum Rashba terms) that modulates the principal axes of the hole gyromagnetic g-matrix. This non-separability mechanism can be of the same order of magnitude as Rashba-type interactions, and enables spin manipulation when the magnetic field is applied in the plane of the heterostructure even if the dot is symmetric (disk-shaped). More generally, we show that Rabi oscillations in strongly patterned electric fields harness a variety of g-factor modulations. We discuss the implications for the design, modeling and understanding of hole spin qubit devices

Estudio de los sistemas para la administración de la distribución DMS y de los requerimientos para su implementación

The primary objective for the development of this study, entitled “STUDY FOR SYSTEM OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE DISTRIBUTION DMS AND REQUIREMENTS FOR IMPLEMENTATION" search to present the main requirements for the implementation of the DMS, that will be analyzed under two approaches: • First, look for interoperability between systems in utilities, using the Common Information Model (CIM). • Second, to model the main processes for the operation and planning of the distribution network, which take place in a power distribution utility, and which will be supported by the DMS.Es importante señalar que el objetivo primordial para el desarrollo del presente estudio de pre-grado, titulado “ESTUDIO DE LOS SISTEMAS PARA LA ADMINISTRACIÓN DE LA DISTRIBUCIÓN DMS Y DE LOS REQUERIMIENTOS PARA SU IMPLEMENTACIÓN”, busca presentar los principales requerimientos para la implementación del DMS, mismos que serán analizados bajo dos enfoques: • Primero, buscar la interoperabilidad entre sistemas de una empresa de distribución eléctrica, empleando el Modelo Común de Información (CIM). • Segundo, modelar los principales procesos para la operación y la planificación de la red de distribución, que se realizan en una empresa de distribución eléctrica, y los cuales serán apoyados por el DMS