Pencerakinan kajian istilah dan terjemahan BERNAMA Arab ke bahasa Melayu dan Inggeris

Artikel ini membincangkan aspek kajian istilah dan terjemahan yang dilakukan pada BERNAMA Arab ke bahasa Melayu dan juga Inggeris sebagai medan pembelajaran bagi pelajar bidang pengkhususan bahasa dan kesusasteraan Arab masa kini. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk meneliti ketepatan penggunaan istilah dari BERNAMA Arab ke bahasa Melayu dan Inggeris, di samping menterjemahkan teks BERNAMA Arab dalam semua aspek ke bahasa Melayu dan Inggeris. Artikel ini juga bertujuan untuk memaparkan padanan istilah dari BERNAMA Arab ke istilah bahasa Melayu dan Inggeris. Keseluruhan kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dengan mengaplikasi analisis kandungan seperti rujukan bahan ilmiah utama berdasarkan buku, kamus dan jurnal, di samping bahan utama daripada internet melalui tapak web BERNAMA.com dan tapak web lain yang berkaitan dengannya. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan padanan istilah dipadankan mengikut kesesuaian makna dan secara langsung turut memaparkan istilah yang dapat membantu khalayak pembaca memahami istilah yang sering diguna pakai. Selain itu, hasil kajian menunjukkan terdapat perkataan yang mempunyai istilah yang sama dan makna yang sama, gaya bahasa yang membawa maksud yang berlainan serta kata nama khas. Hasil kajian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan impak yang positif dan menyumbang kepada pemugaran pembelajaran bahasa Arab secara maya dengan lebih efektif

Increase of invasive meningococcal serogroup W disease in Europe, 2013 to 2017

Background: The total incidence of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in Europe has been declining in recent years; however, a rising incidence due to serogroup W (MenW), predominantly sequence type 11 (ST-11), clonal complex 11 (cc11), was reported in some European countries. Aim: The aim of this study was to compile the most recent laboratory surveillance data on MenW IMD from several European countries to assess recent trends in Europe. Methods: In this observational, retrospective study, IMD surveillance data collected from 2013–17 by national reference laboratories and surveillance units from 13 European countries were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: The overall incidence of IMD has been stable during the study period. Incidence of MenW IMD per 100,000 population (2013: 0.03; 2014: 0.05; 2015: 0.08; 2016: 0.11; 2017: 0.11) and the proportion of this serogroup among all invasive cases (2013: 5% (116/2,216); 2014: 9% (161/1,761); 2015: 13% (271/2,074); 2016: 17% (388/2,222); 2017: 19% (393/2,112)) continuously increased. The most affected countries were England, the Netherlands, Switzerland and Sweden. MenW was more frequent in older age groups (≥ 45 years), while the proportion in children (< 15 years) was lower than in other age groups. Of the culture-confirmed MenW IMD cases, 80% (615/767) were caused by hypervirulent cc11. Conclusion: During the years 2013–17, an increase in MenW IMD, mainly caused by MenW cc11, was observed in the majority of European countries. Given the unpredictable nature of meningococcal spread and the epidemiological potential of cc11, European countries may consider preventive strategies adapted to their contexts.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Trends in invasive bacterial diseases during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic: analyses of prospective surveillance data from 30 countries and territories in the IRIS Consortium.

BACKGROUND The Invasive Respiratory Infection Surveillance (IRIS) Consortium was established to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on invasive diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Streptococcus agalactiae. We aimed to analyse the incidence and distribution of these diseases during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the 2 years preceding the pandemic. METHODS For this prospective analysis, laboratories in 30 countries and territories representing five continents submitted surveillance data from Jan 1, 2018, to Jan 2, 2022, to private projects within databases in PubMLST. The impact of COVID-19 containment measures on the overall number of cases was analysed, and changes in disease distributions by patient age and serotype or group were examined. Interrupted time-series analyses were done to quantify the impact of pandemic response measures and their relaxation on disease rates, and autoregressive integrated moving average models were used to estimate effect sizes and forecast counterfactual trends by hemisphere. FINDINGS Overall, 116 841 cases were analysed: 76 481 in 2018-19, before the pandemic, and 40 360 in 2020-21, during the pandemic. During the pandemic there was a significant reduction in the risk of disease caused by S pneumoniae (risk ratio 0·47; 95% CI 0·40-0·55), H influenzae (0·51; 0·40-0·66) and N meningitidis (0·26; 0·21-0·31), while no significant changes were observed for S agalactiae (1·02; 0·75-1·40), which is not transmitted via the respiratory route. No major changes in the distribution of cases were observed when stratified by patient age or serotype or group. An estimated 36 289 (95% prediction interval 17 145-55 434) cases of invasive bacterial disease were averted during the first 2 years of the pandemic among IRIS-participating countries and territories. INTERPRETATION COVID-19 containment measures were associated with a sustained decrease in the incidence of invasive disease caused by S pneumoniae, H influenzae, and N meningitidis during the first 2 years of the pandemic, but cases began to increase in some countries towards the end of 2021 as pandemic restrictions were lifted. These IRIS data provide a better understanding of microbial transmission, will inform vaccine development and implementation, and can contribute to health-care service planning and provision of policies. FUNDING Wellcome Trust, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Torsten Söderberg Foundation, Stockholm County Council, Swedish Research Council, German Federal Ministry of Health, Robert Koch Institute, Pfizer, Merck, and the Greek National Public Health Organization

Reclassification of Acinetobacter grimontii Carr et al. 2003 as a later synonym of Acinetobacter junii Bouvet and Grimont 1986

Using tDNA-PCR, the type strain CCM 7198(T) (<- CIP 107470(T) <- 17AO4(T)) of Acinetobacter grimontii was found to be indistinguishable from Acinetobacter junii strains. Therefore, the phenotypic properties, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) patterns and 16S rRNA and rpoB gene sequences of the type strain of A. grimontii (CCM 7198(T)) were determined. We found that the strain used L-arginine and L-glutamate, in contrast to the original description and in accordance with the phenotypic properties of A. junii. By AFLP analysis, A. grimontii CCM 7198(T) clustered at 50.2 % with a set of A. junii strains previously identified by DNA-DNA hybridization, which is in accordance with the previously established intraspecies values of this technique. Sequence similarity of the 16S rRNA gene between the type strains of the two species was found to be 99.9 %. Finally, DNA-DNA relatedness between the type strains of A. junii and A. grimontii was redetermined and was found to be 85 %. These findings were corroborated for a second representative of the A. grimontii type strain, DSM 14968(T). These data confirm that Acinetobacter grimontii is a later heterotypic synonym of Acinetobacter junii

Serogroup and Clonal Characterization of Czech Invasive Neisseria meningitidis Strains Isolated from 1971 to 2015.

BACKGROUND:This study presents antigenic and genetic characteristics of Neisseria meningitidis strains recovered from invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in the Czech Republic in 1971-2015. MATERIAL AND METHODS:A total of 1970 isolates from IMD, referred to the National Reference Laboratory for Meningococcal Infections in 1971-2015, were studied. All isolates were identified and characterized by conventional biochemical and serological tests. Most isolates (82.5%) were characterized by multilocus sequence typing method. RESULTS:In the study period 1971-2015, the leading serogroup was B (52.4%), most often assigned to clonal complexes cc32, cc41/44, cc18, and cc269. A significant percentage of strains were of serogroup C (41.4%), with high clonal homogeneity due to hyperinvasive complex cc11, which played an important role in IMD in the Czech Republic in the mid-1990s. Serogroup Y isolates, mostly assigned to cc23, and isolates of clonally homogeneous serogroup W have also been recovered more often over the last years. CONCLUSION:The incidence of IMD and distribution of serogroups and clonal complexes of N. meningitidis in the Czech Republic varied over time, as can be seen from the long-term monitoring, including molecular surveillance data. Data from the conventional and molecular IMD surveillance are helpful in refining the antimeningococcal vaccination strategy in the Czech Republic

Modelování hodinového dopravního toku s použitím směsi jednoduchých kruhových normálních rozdělení

Accurate modelling and representation of traffic flows is an important element of intelligent transportation systems, urban planning, and smart environments in general. In this work, location-specific hourly traffic flows are represented by finite mixtures of circular normal statistical distributions. The parameters of the finite mixtures are found by differential evolution, an evolutionary algorithm that is able to fit the statistical models to data with a high level of accuracy. The results are represented by circular plots that can be used as a form of visually appealing and easily understandable fingerprints of the underlying traffic flow patterns.Přesné modelování a reprezentace dopravních toků je důležitým prvkem inteligentních dopravních systémů, městského plánování a inteligentního prostředí obecně. V této práci jsou hodinové dopravní toky specifické pro danou lokalitu reprezentovány konečnou směsí kruhových normálních rozdělení. Parametry tohoto rozdělení směsí jsou nalezeny diferenciální evolucí, evolučním algoritmem, který je schopný přizpůsobit statistické modely datům s vysokou mírou přesnosti. Výsledky jsou reprezentovány kruhovými grafy, které lze použít jako formu vizuálně přitažlivých a snadno srozumitelných vzorů dopravního toku

Whole genome sequencing of Neisseria meningitidis W isolates from the Czech Republic recovered in 1984-2017.

INTRODUCTION:The study presents the analysis of whole genome sequence (WGS) data for Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W isolates recovered in the Czech Republic in 1984-2017 and their comparison with WGS data from other countries. MATERIAL AND METHODS:Thirty-one Czech N. meningitidis W isolates, 22 from invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) and nine from healthy carriers were analysed. The 33-year study period was divided into three periods: 1984-1999, 2000-2009, and 2010-2017. RESULTS:Most study isolates from IMD and healthy carriers were assigned to clonal complex cc22 (n = 10) in all study periods. The second leading clonal complex was cc865 (n = 8) presented by IMD (n = 7) and carriage (n = 1) isolates that emerged in the last study period, 2010-2017. The third clonal complex was cc11 (n = 4) including IMD isolates from the first (1984-1999) and third (2010-2017) study periods. The following clonal complex was cc174 (n = 3) presented by IMD isolates from the first two study periods, i.e. 1984-1999 and 2000-2009. One isolate of each cc41/44 and cc1136 originated from healthy carriers from the second study period, 2000-2009. The comparison of WGS data for N. meningitidis W isolates recovered in the Czech Republic in the study period 1984-2017 and for isolates from other countries recovered in the same period showed that clonal complex cc865, ST-3342 is unique to the Czech Republic since 2010. Moreover, the comparison shows that cc11 in the Czech Republic does not comprise novel hypervirulent lineages reported from both European and non-European countries. All 31 study isolates were assigned to Bexsero® Antigen Sequence Types (BAST), and seven of them were of newly described BASTs. CONCLUSIONS:WGS analysis contributed considerably to a more detailed molecular characterization of N. meningitidis W isolates recovered in the Czech Republic over a 33-year period and allowed for a spatial and temporal comparison of these characteristics between isolates from the Czech Republic and other countries. The most interesting finding of this study is that eight of 31 Czech isolates of N. meningitidis W belong to clonal complex cc865, which is uncommon for serogroup W. In addition, the WGS data precised the base for the update of the recommendation for vaccination in the Czech Republic

Whole genome analysis of Neisseria meningitidis isolates from invasive meningococcal disease collected in the Czech Republic over 28 years (1993-2020).

Invasive meningococcal disease belongs among the most dangerous infectious diseases in the world. Several polysaccharide conjugate vaccines against serogroups A, C, W and Y are available and two recombinant peptide vaccines against serogroup B (MenB vaccines) have been developed: MenB-4C (Bexsero) and MenB-fHbp (Trumenba). The aim of this study was to define the clonal composition of the Neisseria meningitidis population in the Czech Republic, to determine changes in this population over time and to estimate the theoretical coverage of isolates by MenB vaccines. This study presents the analysis of whole genome sequencing data of 369 Czech N. meningitidis isolates from invasive meningococcal disease covering 28 years. Serogroup B isolates (MenB) showed high heterogeneity and the most common clonal complexes were cc18, cc32, cc35, cc41/44, and cc269. Isolates of clonal complex cc11 were predominately serogroup C (MenC). The highest number of serogroup W isolates (MenW) belonged to clonal complex cc865, which we described as exclusive to the Czech Republic. Our study supports the theory that this cc865 subpopulation originated in the Czech Republic from MenB isolates by a capsule switching mechanism. A dominant clonal complex of serogroup Y isolates (MenY) was cc23, which formed two genetically quite distant subpopulations and which showed constant representation throughout the observed period. The theoretical coverage of isolates by two MenB vaccines was determined using the Meningococcal Deduced Vaccine Antigen Reactivity Index (MenDeVAR). Estimated Bexsero vaccine coverage was 70.6% (for MenB) and 62.2% (for MenC, W, Y). For Trumenba vaccine, estimated coverage was 74.6% (for MenB) and 65.7% (for MenC, W, Y). Our results demonstrated sufficient coverage of Czech heterogeneous population of N. meningitidis with MenB vaccines and, together with surveillance data on invasive meningococcal disease in the Czech Republic, were the basis for updating recommendations for vaccination against invasive meningococcal disease

Take-Off Efficiency: Transformation of Mechanical Work Into Kinetic Energy During the Bosco Test

Purpose. The aim of the study is to present a new method for determining the efficiency of take-off during a 60-s Bosco repeated vertical jump test. Method. The study involved 15 physical education students (age: 21.5 ± 2.4 years; height: 1.81 ± 0.08 m; mass: 76 ± 9 kg). The data were collected with the use of a pedobarographical system (Pedar-x; Novel, Munich, Germany). The statistical analysis utilized a simple linear regression model. Results. Owing to possible fatigue, flight time and flight height decreased. The average flight height was 0.260 ± 0.063 m, and the average contact time equalled 0.54 ± 0.16 s. The average anaerobic power values calculated for the 60-s work period had the mean value of 21.9 ± 6.7 W · kgBW-1; there was a statistically significant (p < 0.05) decrease in anaerobic power during the 60-s Bosco test. Conclusions. The efficiency of mechanical work was highest at the beginning of the test, reaching values of up to 50%. The efficiency of mechanical work conversion into mechanical energy seems to be an appropriate determinant of rising fatigue during the 60-s Bosco jumping test