PROBLEMÁTICA DE LA APLICACIÓN DE AGUA MARINA DESALINIZADA AL RIEGO AGRÍCOLA. CASO DE ESTUDIO DEL CANAL DEL CAMPO DE CARTAGENA

[ES] En este trabajo se presenta una revisión de las principales cuestiones agronómicas y de manejo que se deben considerar cuando se plantea la incorporación de agua marina desalinizada en el riego agrícola. Este análisis se fundamenta en una revisión bibliográfica a escala internacional de las primeras experiencias que se están dando a conocer mediante publicaciones en el ámbito científico. Los principales aspectos a considerar en el riego con agua marina desalinizada son: (1) carencias y desequilibrios nutricionales en la composición química, que pueden limitar el desarrollo de los cultivos; (2) elevada concentración de boro, que puede producir problemas de fitotoxicidad en cultivos sensibles; (3) elevada acidez y poder corrosivo como consecuencia de la escasa mineralización del agua, que puede afectar a las instalaciones de riego; y (4) necesidad de una mayor capacidad de control y gestión del agua en las explotaciones agrícolas. Además, se analiza la problemática en un caso de estudio concreto, que se corresponde con la incorporación de agua marina desalinizada al embalse de La Pedrera, analizándose la mitigación de sus posibles inconvenientes mediante la mezcla en distintas proporciones con el agua continental suministrada habitualmente a dicho embalse mediante las infraestructuras del postrasvase Tajo-Segura.Martínez-Alvarez, V.; Martin-Gorriz, B.; Soto-Garcia, M. (2015). PROBLEMÁTICA DE LA APLICACIÓN DE AGUA MARINA DESALINIZADA AL RIEGO AGRÍCOLA. CASO DE ESTUDIO DEL CANAL DEL CAMPO DE CARTAGENA. En XXXIII CONGRESO NACIONAL DE RIEGOS. Valencia 16-18 junio de 2015. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/CNRiegos.2015.1438OC

Caracterización del suministro de agua marina desalinizada para riego en el sureste español

Comunicación presentada al XXXVII Congreso Nacional de Riegos, celebrado en Don Benito del 4 al 6 de Junio de 2019 y organizada por la Asociación Española de Riegos y Drenajes y la Universidad de ExtremaduraLa actual escasez de recursos hídricos en las regiones áridas y semiáridas del sureste español ha impulsado la utilización de fuentes no convencionales, como la reutilización de aguas regeneradas y la desalinización de agua marina, especialmente en la agricultura de regadío. Como consecuencia, en esta región se está utilizando para riego agrícola casi el 100% del volumen de agua regenerada (105 hm3/año), así como cerca de 180 hm3/año de Agua Marina Desalinizada (AMD). Este trabajo describe la situación del suministro de AMD para riego en el sureste español, una región donde hasta el momento ha tenido un gran desarrollo. Se analizan en primer lugar los factores que justifican esta nueva alternativa de suministro hídrico para el regadío como estrategia para garantizar la producción de alimentos y el desarrollo socioeconómico regional. A continuación, se abordan cuestiones clave para analizar la sostenibilidad ambiental y económica del suministro de AMD en el medio y largo plazo, como son el consumo energético asociado a su producción y distribución, los costes asociados, y el precio final que tienen que asumir los agricultores.• Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional: Proyecto RIDESOST (AGL2017-85857-C2-2-R) • Programa LIFE de la Unión Europea: Proyecto DESEACROP (LIFE16-ENV_ES_000341

Feasibility of peach bloom thinning with hand-held mechanical devices

[EN] The use of hand-held mechanical devices to thin blooms of peach trees trained into the " free Italian vase" form was studied. Three devices were tested, and no differences were found among them in terms of thinning time and number of fruits per cm 2 of trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) at harvesting. Thinning, by hand or mechanically, reduced the yield per tree by 26-33% with respect to not thinning; however, thinning increased the fruit size. In both years, the yields of fruit >67mm in the thinned trees ranged from 40.4 to 53.4kgtree -1, respectively, whereas in the un-thinned trees, it was 25.1 and 18.2kgtree -1 in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Hand thinning took 385hha -1, and mechanical thinning reduced this time by 89%. The cost of hand thinning was 4.8z€tree -1, whereas the cost of mechanical thinning ranged from 0.4 to 1.1z€tree -1. The economic study showed that the total yield value was similar with hand and mechanical thinning, but the cost of mechanical thinning was only 10-18% that of hand thinning. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.This research was funded by the Consejeria de Agricultura de la Region de Murcia, Spain. The authors thank Eng. Regino Aragon (IMIDA) and Marin Gimenez Hermanos S.A. (Caravaca, Spain) for their support.Martín Gorriz, B.; Torregrosa, A.; García Brunton, J. (2011). Feasibility of peach bloom thinning with hand-held mechanical devices. Scientia Horticulturae. 129(1):91-97. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2011.03.012S9197129

Post-bloom mechanical thinning for can peaches using a hand-held electrical device

[EN] Hand thinning is a necessary but costly practice in peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) production. A hand-held mechanical device has been tested to thin peach trees, trained in " free Italian vase" , 50-62days after full bloom. Hand thinning (HT); mechanical thinning (MT); mechanical and hand thinning (MHT); and un-thinned (UT) were tested from 2008 to 2011 in Murcia, south-eastern Spain. After thinning, the distance between the remaining fruits was measured: the shortest distance was 5.2cm for MT, with no significant differences between MHT and HT at 8.6 and 8.8cm, respectively. The differences in distances did not affect the yield and size of the fruit at harvesting in any of the cases. There were no significant differences between HT, MT and MHT treatments in fruit per tree, mean fruit weight and yield efficiency in the 4years the test lasted. Farmers considered the hand-held mechanical device positively because it increased field efficiency. Moreover, with HT the operating time was 291hha -1, with MHT it was 87hha -1 and with MT, 27hha -1. The most expensive system was HT (2442€ha -1) as opposed to 824€ha -1 for MHT. The lowest cost was for MT with 296€ha -1. The net value of fruit (€ha -1) showed no significant differences between HT, MT, and MHT. Based on our study, MT appears to be a promising technique for thinning peach trees for the canning industry, because although the reduction of production costs is not high in comparison with the total cost of the crop, the increase in work speed is of great interest to thin the trees on the most appropriate dates. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.This research was funded by the Consejeria de Agricultura de la Region de Murcia, Spain. The authors thank Eng. Regino Aragon (IMIDA) and Marin Gimenez Hermanos S.A. (Caravaca, Spain) for their support.Martín Gorriz, B.; Torregrosa, A.; García Brunton, J. (2012). Post-bloom mechanical thinning for can peaches using a hand-held electrical device. Scientia Horticulturae. 144:179-186. doi:10.101016/j.scienta.2012.07.003S17918614

Riego de tomate bajo invernadero con agua marina desalinizada y reutilización de drenajes

Poster presentado al XXXVII Congreso Nacional de Riegos, celebrado en Don Benito del 4 al 6 de Junio de 2019 y organizada por la Asociación Española de Riegos y Drenajes y la Universidad de ExtremaduraEvaluación agronómica y fisiológica del cultivo de tomate en hidropónico y en suelo enarenado, regado con AMD y mezclada con aguas salobres de diferente salinidad.Programa LIFE+ de la Unión Europea: Proyecto LIFE16-ENV-ES-00034

COSMOS: the dialysis scenario of CKD-MBD in Europe

Background Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorders (CKD-MBD) are important complications of CKD5D patients that are associated with mortality. Methods COSMOS is a multicentre, open cohort, prospective, observational 3-year study carried out in haemodialysis patients from 20 European countries during 2005-07. The present article describes the main characteristics of the European dialysis population, the current practice for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism and the differences across different European regions. Results The haemodialysis population in Europe is an aged population (mean age 64.8 ± 14.2 years) with a high prevalence of diabetes (29.5%) and cardiovascular disease (76.0%), and 28.7% of patients have been on haemodialysis more than 5 years. Patients from the former Eastern countries are younger (59.3 ± 14.3 versus 66.0 ± 13.9), having a lower proportion of diabetics (24.1 versus 30.7%). There were relevant differences in the frequency of measurement of the main CKD-MBD biochemical parameters [Ca, P and parathyroid hormone (PTH)] and the Eastern countries showed a poorer control of these biochemical parameters (K/DOQI and K/DIGO targets). Overall, 48.0% of the haemodialysis patients received active vitamin D treatment. Calcitriol use doubled that of alfacalcidiol in the Mediterranean countries, whereas the opposite was found in the non-Mediterranean countries. The criteria followed to perform parathyroidectomy were different across Europe. In the Mediterranean countries, the level of serum PTH considered to perform parathyroidectomy was higher than in non-Mediterranean countries; as a result, in the latter, more parathyroidectomies were performed in the year previous to inclusion to COSMOS. Conclusions The COSMOS baseline results show important differences across Europe in the management of CKD-MB

Association of Candidate Gene Polymorphisms With Chronic Kidney Disease: Results of a Case-Control Analysis in the Nefrona Cohort

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major risk factor for end-stage renal disease, cardiovascular disease and premature death. Despite classical clinical risk factors for CKD and some genetic risk factors have been identified, the residual risk observed in prediction models is still high. Therefore, new risk factors need to be identified in order to better predict the risk of CKD in the population. Here, we analyzed the genetic association of 79 SNPs of proteins associated with mineral metabolism disturbances with CKD in a cohort that includes 2, 445 CKD cases and 559 controls. Genotyping was performed with matrix assisted laser desorption ionizationtime of flight mass spectrometry. We used logistic regression models considering different genetic inheritance models to assess the association of the SNPs with the prevalence of CKD, adjusting for known risk factors. Eight SNPs (rs1126616, rs35068180, rs2238135, rs1800247, rs385564, rs4236, rs2248359, and rs1564858) were associated with CKD even after adjusting by sex, age and race. A model containing five of these SNPs (rs1126616, rs35068180, rs1800247, rs4236, and rs2248359), diabetes and hypertension showed better performance than models considering only clinical risk factors, significantly increasing the area under the curve of the model without polymorphisms. Furthermore, one of the SNPs (the rs2248359) showed an interaction with hypertension, being the risk genotype affecting only hypertensive patients. We conclude that 5 SNPs related to proteins implicated in mineral metabolism disturbances (Osteopontin, osteocalcin, matrix gla protein, matrix metalloprotease 3 and 24 hydroxylase) are associated to an increased risk of suffering CKD

Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, ventilation management, and outcomes in invasively ventilated intensive care unit patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pooled analysis of four observational studies

Background: Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, the practice of ventilation, and outcome in invasively ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain unexplored. In this analysis we aim to address these gaps using individual patient data of four large observational studies. Methods: In this pooled analysis we harmonised individual patient data from the ERICC, LUNG SAFE, PRoVENT, and PRoVENT-iMiC prospective observational studies, which were conducted from June, 2011, to December, 2018, in 534 ICUs in 54 countries. We used the 2016 World Bank classification to define two geoeconomic regions: middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs). ARDS was defined according to the Berlin criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to compare patients in MICs versus HICs. The primary outcome was the use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) for the first 3 days of mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcomes were key ventilation parameters (tidal volume size, positive end-expiratory pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen, peak pressure, plateau pressure, driving pressure, and respiratory rate), patient characteristics, the risk for and actual development of acute respiratory distress syndrome after the first day of ventilation, duration of ventilation, ICU length of stay, and ICU mortality. Findings: Of the 7608 patients included in the original studies, this analysis included 3852 patients without ARDS, of whom 2345 were from MICs and 1507 were from HICs. Patients in MICs were younger, shorter and with a slightly lower body-mass index, more often had diabetes and active cancer, but less often chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure than patients from HICs. Sequential organ failure assessment scores were similar in MICs and HICs. Use of LTVV in MICs and HICs was comparable (42\ub74% vs 44\ub72%; absolute difference \u20131\ub769 [\u20139\ub758 to 6\ub711] p=0\ub767; data available in 3174 [82%] of 3852 patients). The median applied positive end expiratory pressure was lower in MICs than in HICs (5 [IQR 5\u20138] vs 6 [5\u20138] cm H2O; p=0\ub70011). ICU mortality was higher in MICs than in HICs (30\ub75% vs 19\ub79%; p=0\ub70004; adjusted effect 16\ub741% [95% CI 9\ub752\u201323\ub752]; p<0\ub70001) and was inversely associated with gross domestic product (adjusted odds ratio for a US$10 000 increase per capita 0\ub780 [95% CI 0\ub775\u20130\ub786]; p<0\ub70001). Interpretation: Despite similar disease severity and ventilation management, ICU mortality in patients without ARDS is higher in MICs than in HICs, with a strong association with country-level economic status. Funding: No funding

Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≥ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe

More than just child’s play?: An experimental investigation of the impact of an appearance-focused internet game on body image and career aspirations of young girls

© 2017, The Author(s). In recent years, elements of the modern environment (such as television, Internet, toys and clothes) have been criticized for having an increasingly sexualized or appearance focus, which has been suggested to be detrimental to girls’ development. The current study examined the impact of an appearance-focused Internet game on young girls’ body image and career cognitions and aspirations. Eighty British girls aged 8–9 years were randomly assigned to play an appearance-focused or a non-appearance focused game for 10 minutes. Girls in the appearance-focused game condition displayed greater body dissatisfaction compared to the control condition. Type of game did not impact girls’ perceived capacity to do various jobs. However, girls who played the appearance-focused game reported a greater preference for feminine careers compared to the control group. This provides preliminary evidence that appearance-focused Internet games may be detrimental to young girls’ body image and aspirations. Internet games should be included in our consideration of influential messages for young girls