Diseño estructural de un edificio de aulas con dos bloques independientes

En este trabajo se desarrolla el análisis estructural y el diseño en concreto armado de dos edificios, los cuales serán destinados al uso de aulas y talleres dentro de un local universitario de características similares a dos edificios del proyecto de la Facultad de Arte de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Ambos edificios o pabellones tienen las siguientes características: Bloque A: Edificio de la izquierda, consta de un sótano y tres pisos. Bloque B: Edificio de la derecha, consta de un sótano y tres pisos; pero su sótano no está cerrado perimetralmente y tiene un comportamiento estructural diferente. Dichos edificios están interconectados por una escalera metálica, la cual se encuentra unida al bloque B, pero con un apoyo deslizante en el bloque A. Estos edificios se proyectarán sobre un terreno de forma rectangular de 10.10 x 64.60 = 652.50 m2 ubicado en el distrito de San Miguel, en la provincia de Lima. El área techada de cada bloque es de 10.10 x 31.40 = 317 m2 por piso; excepto el 3° piso del bloque B, el cual posee un volado de 1.80 m de longitud, dando de esta manera un área de 10.10 x 33.21 = 335 m2. Así, el área techada total del bloque A es de 1270 m2, incluyendo el sótano; y el área techada total del bloque B es de 1290 m2. El suelo tiene una resistencia de 4 kg/cm2, típica del Fundo Pando. Tanto el sótano del bloque A como el sótano del bloque B, se encuentran a un Nivel de Falso Piso de -4.05m respecto del nivel de la vereda de la parte posterior de los edificios (cota cero). La diferencia entre ambos edificios es que el pabellón A tiene muros perimetrales de concreto armado que permite modelarlo como un sótano con rigidez lateral importante; mientras que en el bloque B posee los mismos muros; pero estos se encuentran aislados de la estructura principal trabajando como muros de contención en voladizo. Por tanto, para fines estructurales este bloque posee cuatro niveles libres, haciéndolo más flexible que el bloque A. Todas las plantas de ambos bloques son típicas, salvo el piso que tiene el volado antes mencionado. Para la ejecución del análisis por sismo y de cargas de gravedad de este proyecto, se empleará el software SAP2000 versión 8.11. El presente trabajo consta de las siguientes partes: 1.- Estructuración 2.- Predimensionamiento 3.- Metrado de cargas de gravedad 4.- Análisis sísmico 5.- Análisis de cargas de vigas 6.- Diseño de losas 7.- Diseño de vigas 8.- Diseño de columnas 9.- Diseño de placas 10.- Diseño de muros de contención 11.- Cimentación 12.- Diseño de escalera metálica.Tesi

Βenthic hydrozoan assemblages as potential indicators of environmental health in a Μediterranean Μarine protected area

The comparative study of marine benthic hydrozoan assemblages can improve our understanding of environmental and ecological conditions in marine protected areas (MPAs) such as the large Mediterranean MPA of Datça-Bozburun, where important prospects for future intensive tourism development exist. The analysis of such assemblages may help managers detect changes in important parameters of ecosystem health within this MPA. In this study we compared the hydrozoan assemblages occurring on hard (rocky) and soft (Posidonia meadows) bottoms from stations belonging to three different conditions: i) small marinas (medium anthropogenic impact), ii) yacht stopovers (low impact), and iii) unspoiled sites (no impact) in the southern part of the Datça Peninsula during summer and winter 2015 and 2016. Significant differences in the structure, species composition and richness of benthic hydrozoans among the sampling sites were detected. In both seasons, hydroid assemblages in medium-impact sites significantly differed from little-impact and no-impact sites in terms of qualitative composition. Large structural species were widely represented in all hard-bottomed sampling sites, but small inconspicuous taxa with diverse life histories were much less abundant at the medium impacted sites. Species richness and diversity in Posidonia meadows was much higher in little- and no-impact sites, where highly specific hydroid epibionts were abundant

Benthic Hydrozoans as Potential Indicators of Water Masses and Anthropogenic Impact in the Sea of Marmara

Changes in the abundance and distribution of marine benthic hydrozoan species are indicative of variations in environmental conditions in the marine realm. The comparative analysis of such assemblages can improve our understanding of environmental and ecological conditions in the Sea of Marmara, a strongly stratified and heavily populated inland sea connecting the Aegean and Black seas, on route of national and international maritime traffic. We compared the hydrozoan assemblages occurring in harbours with those developed at natural sites, as well as the assemblages associated with the Black Sea water mass versus the Mediterranean water mass in the vicinities of the Prince Islands, the north-easternmost section of the Sea of Marmara. Sampling took place at 12 stations, once in March 2015 and once in August 2015 in order to cover species with both warm and cold water affinities. Multivariate analyses showed that benthic hydroid assemblages with both affinities differed significantly between the heavily trafficked harbours of the Prince Islands (connected to the metropolis of Istanbul) and areas without human settlements and maritime traffic. In addition, highly distinct hydroid assemblages were found characterizing both areas with water of Mediterranean origin and areas with water from Black Sea origin. Based on our results, we discuss the potential for the use of these organisms as indicators of water masses and anthropogenic impact at the regional level

MODELO DE REGLAMENTO PARA LA ADMINISTRACIÓN DE UN RASTRO MUNICIPAL A NIVEL NACIONAL

They are few the rakes of the country that have the modern technology and the personnel qualified to carry out the humanitarian sacrifice as it indicates it the Federal Law of Animal Sanity. (DOF. 23-July-2007). Really the only dependence or association that he/she has had interest and he/she has been in charge of seriously of supervising that the slaughter is carried out in a humanitarian way, it is the denominated civil association ANPALPA A.C (National Association for the Application of Laws of Protection to the Animals) that has taken the initiative to introduce the methods of humanitarian sacrifice in near 400 rakes and slaughterhouses of the country; and it is unlikely that the corresponding authorities (SAGARPA and HEALTH), have not taken the responsibility properly of continuing with this work begun by ANPALPA for 30 years, since finally to the authority it corresponds him to assist this problematic one and not to the civil society, like it has been happening so far. It was scientifically proven that, to better treatment and good handling of the animals dedicated to the sacrifice, less estrés, smaller loss of weight will be caused and it will be obtained better quality and bigger quantity of the products meat resultants. Difference should not exist among the rakes TIF (Type Federal Inspection) and the municipal rakes or the matters, in the concerning thing to good facilities, modern technology, sacrifice methods, qualified personnel, sanitary supervision, I manage hygienic of the products and combat to the produced contamination, since the obtained products, they are dedicated for human consumption and its quality and hygiene they should be conscientiously revised in any slaughter center, call you TIF, municipal or matter. The only difference that it should exist among the rakes TIF and the municipal ones, it resides in the size of the facilities, same that should be according to the quantity of animals sacrificed daily, but not in the technology and functionality of the facilities, as well as in the personnel's training that there works. He/she intended the innovation of establishing a stamp of guarantee of humanitarian sacrifice, with that which the consumer can be sure that the meat product that will buy, comes from animals that were sacrificed with the humanitarian methods of previous desensitization, to avoid to the maximum the suffering of the animals. This stamp can be additional to that of the sanitary inspection.Model, regulation, administration, municipal rake, national level., Agribusiness,

Estudio de coordinación de protección para mejorar la confiabilidad del alimentador de media tensión PAJ002 de 10kv en Paiján

La presente investigación tuvo como finalidad realizar la coordinación de protecciones para el alimentador PAJ002 de 10kv en Paijan, para aumentar la confiabilidad del sistema eléctrico utilizando los indicadores de calidad SAIDI y SAIFI, los cuales nos dan los datos del tipo de falla, usuarios afectados, frecuencia y la duración de cada falla, en el cual obtuvimos que la confiabilidad actual es de 35.77 %, debido a que el tiempo medio de operación hasta la falla es bajo, Con la selección de un Recloser (reconectador automático) adecuado se podrá evitar que las fallas del sistema eléctrico lleguen hasta la estación de distribución del alimentador PAJ002, ya que cuenta con la tecnología de abrir y cerrar automáticamente el circuito cuando detecte alguna falla en la red de distribución, y utilizando la tecnología del recloser se eliminaron las fallas temporales llegando así a una disponibilidad del 85.97 % mejorando los indicadores de calidad SAIDI 1.73 y SAIFI 3.46 por debajo del límite 9 y 5 respectivamente, reflejando un beneficio total de S/. 43,445.35 soles al año, por lo consiguiente el retorno de la inversión son de un año con diez meses aproximadamente concluyendo finalmente que la investigación si es factible y cumple con los objetivos

Pelagia benovici sp. nov. (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa): a new jellyfish in the Mediterranean Sea

A bloom of an unknown semaestome jellyfish species was recorded in the North Adriatic Sea from September 2013 to early 2014. Morphological analysis of several specimens showed distinct differences from other known semaestome species in the Mediterranean Sea and unquestionably identified them as belonging to a new pelagiid species within genus Pelagia. The new species is morphologically distinct from P. noctiluca, currently the only recognized valid species in the genus, and from other doubtful Pelagia species recorded from other areas of the world. Molecular analyses of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and nuclear 28S ribosomal DNA genes corroborate its specific distinction from P. noctiluca and other pelagiid taxa, supporting the monophyly of Pelagiidae. Thus, we describe Pelagia benovici sp. nov. Piraino, Aglieri, Scorrano & Boero

Calder\'on-Zygmund operators associated to matrix-valued kernels

Calder\'on-Zygmund operators with noncommuting kernels may fail to be Lp-bounded for $p \neq 2$, even for kernels with good size and smoothness properties. Matrix-valued paraproducts, Fourier multipliers on group vNa's or noncommutative martingale transforms are frameworks where we find such difficulties. We obtain weak type estimates for perfect dyadic CZO's and cancellative Haar shifts associated to noncommuting kernels in terms of a row/column decomposition of the function. Arbitrary CZO's satisfy $H_1 \to L_1$ type estimates. In conjunction with $L_\infty \to BMO$, we get certain row/column Lp estimates. Our approach also applies to noncommutative paraproducts or martingale transforms with noncommuting symbols/coefficients. Our results complement recent results of Junge, Mei, Parcet and Randrianantoanina

LA TÉCNICA DE LA CONSULTORÃA EXTERNA (“OUTSOURCINGâ€) EN LA ADMINISTRACIÓN DE LOS AGRONEGOCIOS

At present companies are trying hard to reduce productive assets by reducing general expenses and increasing flexibility toward what they call “lean productionâ€. For this reason they are hiring specialized companies under long term agreements in order to supply parts, operations, and services, with quality responsibility, integrating them into their production line with their own workers. Worldwide, a new phenomenon has occurred where technology has taken over a great deal of the company's performance through simplified processes. After which there has been the need to implement an integration phase, and finally there is a tendency towards optimization. Agribusiness is part of this new tendency. “Tercerización†is more known for its English term “outsourcingâ€. Nevertheless, “tercerización†is becoming a more and more familiar term. This is good for the Spanish Language as foreign expressions should be avoided. Currently this technique is applied in big agricultural and agribusiness corporations, however during research, it was determined that other companies, such as accounting offices, service companies, and food-analysis labs, are using something similar to what has been described.Tercerizacion, outsourcing, consultancy, agribusiness, Agribusiness,