Programación lineal

Este TFM aborda el análisis y el diseño de una secuencia didáctica del objeto matemático de la programación lineal en el curso de 2º de bachillerato en la modalidad de ciencias sociales, siendo este objeto un modelo matemático muy útil para resolver problemas económicos, sociales y tecnológicos

Multifactorial control and treatment intensity of type-2 diabetes in primary care settings in Catalonia

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Many studies on diabetes have demonstrated that an intensive control of glycaemia and the main associated risk factors (hypertension, dislipidaemia, obesity and smoking) reduce cardiovascular morbi-mortality. Different scientific societies have proposed a multifactorial approach to type 2 diabetes.</p> <p>The objective of this study was to identify the degree of control of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and of cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetic patients, using the GedapS 2004 guidelines, and to analyse the type and intensity of drug treatment.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This cross-sectional, multicentre, epidemiological study was conducted in a primary care setting in Vallès Occidental South, Catalonia. Data were collected of 393 patients aged 18 and above who were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 2. Biodemographic and clinical data, cardiovascular risk factors, associated cardiovascular disease, and treatment were assessed. Descriptive and multivariable analysis with logistic regression was realized.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 392 patients with a mean age of 66.8 years (SD = 10.6) (45.4% male patients) were analyzed. The duration of diabetes was 8.4 years (SD = 7.6). The degree of multifactorial control of risk factors was only 2.6%, although in more than 50% individual cardiovascular risk factor was controlled, except for LDL cholesterol (40.6%) and systolic blood pressure (29.6%). Furthermore, only 13.0% of subjects had an optimal BMI, 27.5% an optimal waist circumference. Treatment for diabetes was prescribed in 82.7% of patients, for hypertension 70.7%, for dyslipidaemia 47.2% and 40.1% were taking antiplatelets.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Over 50% of type 2 diabetic patients presented optimal control of the majority of individual cardiovascular risk factors, although the degree of multifactorial control of diabetes was insufficient (2.6%) and should be improved. Drug treatment can be intensified using a larger number of combinations, particularly in patients with target organ damage and associated clinical cardiovascular disease.</p

Las TIC en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje sobre el cerebro y los sistemas de coordinación nerviosa en 3º de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria

Este trabajo, refleja la importancia del uso de las TIC en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en los alumnos de 3º ESO sobre el cerebro y los sistemas de coordinación, así como las dificultades e ideas previas del sistema nervioso que se presenta en estas edades. Intento hacer una breve reflexión sobre cuáles son los contenidos que se deben trabajar, la metodología a seguir y los métodos de evaluación más eficaces para calificar el aprendizaje de nuestros alumnos sobre el Sistema Nervioso

Disseny d'un sistema d'indicadors en camins i diagnosi socioambiental del Camí de Cavalls de Menorca 2008 : sector nord-est

Menorca va ser declarada Reserva de la Biosfera per la UNESCO l'any 1993. Entre d'altres, un dels aspectes més emblemàtics de l'Illa és el Camí de Cavalls. Preservar la diversitat que aquest ofereix comporta una gestió complexa. Per això, és necessària per una millor gestió ambiental la realitzacióNota: Aquest document conté originàriament altre material i/o programari només consultable a la Biblioteca de Ciència i Tecnologia.Nota: Aquest projecte està relacionat amb el titulat "Disseny d'un sistema d'indicadors ambientals en camins i diagnosi socioambiental del Camí de Cavalls: sector sud-oest", redactat per Laura Millet, Ma. Elena Miró, Anna Òdena i Anna Olle

Motivos para el consumo de cibersexo y su relación con el grado de severidad

The practice of cybersex is a frequent behavior that can lead to a pattern of compulsive and uncontrolled consumption together with a functional impairment in various areas (addiction to cybersex). Therefore, knowing the reasons that explain this behavior (both recreationally and pathologically) is a priority. The aim of this work was to analyze the prevalence of different reasons for cybersex consumption, their differences according to gender and to explore the link between these motives and the symptoms of problematic use. Evaluating a sample of 400 young people (50% men) between 18-30 years old (M=22.2), it is found that the most frequent motives for using the Internet for sexual purposes are “finding material with which to masturbate” (70.8% ) and “relax from the stress of my obligations” (44%). Depending on the gender, we observe moderate to large differences (V≥.10) in 6 out of the 8 motivations explored. Finally, some of these motives predict 15% of the variance of the weekly time spent on cybersex consumption and 32% of the scores on a severity scale.La práctica del cibersexo es un comportamiento frecuente que puede desembocar en un patrón de consumo compulsivo, incontrolado y asociado a un deterioro funcional en diversos ámbitos (adicción al cibersexo). Por tanto, conocer los motivos que explicarían que una persona realice esta conducta (de modo recreativo o patológico) es prioritario. Así, este trabajo se plantea el objetivo de analizar la prevalencia de distintos motivos para el consumo de cibersexo, las diferencias en función del género y el vínculo entre estos motivos y los síntomas de consumo problemático. Tomando una muestra de 400 jóvenes (50% hombres) de entre 18-30 años (M=22.2), se constata que las motivaciones más frecuentes para el uso de Internet con fines sexuales son “encontrar material con el que masturbarme” (70.8%) y “relajarme del estrés de mis obligaciones” (44%). En función del género, se aprecian diferencias entre moderadas y grandes (V mayor que .13) en 6 de las 8 motivaciones exploradas. Finalmente, varias de estas motivaciones se mostrarían capaces de predecir el 15% de varianza del tiempo semanal dedicado al consumo de cibersexo y el 32% de la puntuación en una escala de severidad

Consumer footprint: Basket of products indicator on household goods

The EU Consumer Footprint aims at assessing the potential environmental impacts due to consumption. The calculation of the Consumer footprint is based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) of representative products (or services) purchased and used in one year by an EU citizen. This report is about the subset indicator of the basket of product (BoP) on household goods. The BoP household goods is built to assess the impact associated to household goods in Europe, from raw material extraction to end of life. The reference flow is the amount of household goods purchased and used by an average citizen in a reference year. It consists of a process-based life cycle inventory model for a basket of products that represent the most relevant household goods product groups, selected by importance in mass and economic value. In total, 30 representative products were modelled, in the following product groups: detergents, rinse-off cosmetics, absorbent hygiene products, furniture, bed mattresses, footwear, textile products and paper products. The consumer footprint for the BoP household goods is assessed using 15 environmental impact categories as for the ILCD LCIA method and running a sensitivity for a number of impact categories with updated models. Results show that the most impacting life cycle stage for most to the overall impact is the manufacture of components (raw materials, ingredients or intermediate products) that are used to produce the final products. The product groups that emerge as hotspots in most of the impact categories are detergents, furniture, paper products and clothes. Those products are the ones that have a high impact intensity and that are consumed in large amounts in Europe. The step of impact normalization and equal weighting of impact categories highlights that the most relevant impacts of the BoP household occur in human toxicity (cancer and non-cancer effects), resource depletion (and especially fossil resources) and, to some extent, ionising radiation. The relative share of these categories varies according to the set of normalisation factors used (EU-27 or global references). The Consumer Footprint BoP household goods baseline has been assessed against 10 scenarios, referring to improvement options related to the main drivers of impact and acting on the most relevant product groups. Among the scenarios assessed, the options that allow for a higher reduction of impacts are the ones related to the use of less impacting electricity mixes in the production phase and to the reuse of products. Six scenarios were specifically aimed at assessing the impact of substituting some average products (namely liquid soap, shampoo, dishwasher detergent, laundry detergent and upholstered seat) with products that are compliant with Ecolabel criteria. Results show that the environmental profile of Ecolabelled products is generally better than the one of the average products in the market. However, the effect that the choice of Ecolabelled products can have on the overall impact coming from purchase and use of household goods could be relatively limited and highly dependent on the share of Ecolabel products bought by European consumers. Regarding the role of consumers, the study showed that users' behaviour could have a relevant effect on the impact of household goods consumption. For instance, for detergents and personal care products, a relevant share of the improvement potential is related to a proper use by consumers (e.g. by saving water and energy and avoiding over dosing during the use phase). For this reason, promoting purchase of more sustainable products may be not sufficient, but it has to be accompanied with awareness campaigns promoting a more responsible consumption behaviour.JRC.D.1-Bio-econom

Environmental and self-sufficiency assessment of the energy metabolism of tourist hubs on Mediterranean Islands : the case of Menorca (Spain)

SostenipraEnergy performance of island tourism has been analyzed in the literature. However, tourist services tend to concentrate in tourist hubs, especially where mass tourism predominates (e.g., Mediterranean), and the energy metabolism of these systems has not yet been assessed. The present paper models and estimates the energy metabolism of tourist hubs in the Menorca Island (Spain) by integrating social, geographical and environmental methods. Mobility (both external and internal) and consumption of lodging services were characterized through surveys to users (tourists) and business managers. An environmental assessment evaluated CO₂ emissions, and energy self-sufficiency potential was estimated via GIS data. The results indicate that, on average, a tourist consumes 4756 MJ with associated emissions of 277 kg of CO₂ per stay (20 days on average). Of all the energy flows, external mobility contributes the most to total emissions (77%). For every day spent in a tourist hub, a tourist consumes between 29 MJ and 93 MJ in lodging services, consumption that could be 100% satisfied by photovoltaic systems, and these systems would result in positive effects for the island. Sustainable tourism management might focus on promoting environmentally friendly transportation, energy efficient practices, and environmental communication through ecolabeling

Comparative efficacy of two primary care interventions to assist withdrawal from long term benzodiazepine use: A protocol for a clustered, randomized clinical trial

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Although benzodiazepines are effective, long-term use is not recommended because of potential adverse effects; the risks of tolerance and dependence; and an increased risk of hip fractures, motor vehicle accidents, and memory impairment. The estimated prevalence of long-term benzodiazepine use in the general population is about 2,2 to 2,6%, is higher in women and increases steadily with age. Interventions performed by General Practitioners may help patients to discontinue long-term benzodiazepine use. We have designed a trial to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of two brief general practitioner-provided interventions, based on gradual dose reduction, and will compare the effectiveness of these interventions with that of routine clinical practice.</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>In a three-arm cluster randomized controlled trial, general practitioners will be randomly allocated to: a) a group in which the first patient visit will feature a structured interview, followed by visits every 2-3 weeks to the end of dose reduction; b) a group in which the first patient visit will feature a structured interview plus delivery of written instructions to self-reduce benzodiazepine dose, or c) routine care. Using a computerized pharmaceutical prescription database, 495 patients, aged 18-80 years, taking benzodiazepine for at least 6 months, will be recruited in primary care health districts of three regions of Spain (the Balearic Islands, Catalonia, and Valencia). The primary outcome will be benzodiazepine use at 12 months. The secondary outcomes will include measurements of anxiety and depression symptoms, benzodiazepine dependence, quality of sleep, and alcohol consumption.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>Although some interventions have been shown to be effective in reducing benzodiazepine consumption by long-term users, the clinical relevance of such interventions is limited by their complexity. This randomized trial will compare the effectiveness and safety of two complex stepped care interventions with that of routine care in a study with sufficient statistical power to detect clinically relevant differences.</p> <p>Trial Registration</p> <p>Current Controlled Trials: <a href="http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN13024375">ISRCTN13024375</a></p

How genomics can help biodiversity conservation

The availability of public genomic resources can greatly assist biodiversity assessment, conservation, and restoration efforts by providing evidence for scientifically informed management decisions. Here we survey the main approaches and applications in biodiversity and conservation genomics, considering practical factors, such as cost, time, prerequisite skills, and current shortcomings of applications. Most approaches perform best in combination with reference genomes from the target species or closely related species. We review case studies to illustrate how reference genomes can facilitate biodiversity research and conservation across the tree of life. We conclude that the time is ripe to view reference genomes as fundamental resources and to integrate their use as a best practice in conservation genomics.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The era of reference genomes in conservation genomics

Progress in genome sequencing now enables the large-scale generation of reference genomes. Various international initiatives aim to generate reference genomes representing global biodiversity. These genomes provide unique insights into genomic diversity and architecture, thereby enabling comprehensive analyses of population and functional genomics, and are expected to revolutionize conservation genomics