Not truly partnerless: Non-residential partnerships and retreat from marriage in Spain

In Spain, nearly two-thirds of women aged 20-34 have not yet entered their first union. However, almost half of them have a stable partner in a different household. Hence, the drop in marriage rates and low prevalence of cohabitation cannot be rightly interpreted as a decline in partnership formation, but rather as a postponement of co-residential unions. This paper examines the prevalence and determinants of non-residential stable partnerships among young adults (women aged 20-34), in relation to cohabitation and marriage, using a multinomial logit model of current partnership type. The analysis is based on data from the 1999 Spanish Fertility Survey.cohabitation, LAT, partnerships, Spain, union formation

Media transparency as a self-regulation mechanism: the analysis of its presence in websites in Spanish media

El artículo aborda la transparencia mediática como sistema de autorregulación periodística y desarrolla una metodología para medir su presencia en las webs de los medios de comunicación atendiendo a las siguientes cinco categorías: transparencia económica, editorial, en la producción, en la interactividad y en el uso de la página. La aplicación de dicho método a las webs de cinco de los principales medios españoles indica un desarrollo todavía insuficiente que denota opacidad en la labor periodística, especialmente acusada en dos aspectos fundamentales como son la gestión empresarial y el proceso productivo de la información.The paper approaches the concept of media transparency related to self-regulation and media accountability and develops an own method to measure its presence in news websites attending to the following five categories: economic, editorial, production, interactivity and web use. The application of the method to the principal Spanish news websites shows little advance in media transparency, specially in two main aspects: business management and newsmaking

Implicaciones éticas del infoentretenimiento televisivo

L'infoentreteniment és considerat com una de les tendències més rellevants dins el periodisme actual a escala internacional, especialment en el mitjà televisiu. La recerca desenvolupada entorn de l'infoentreteniment és abundant, tot i així és escassa en l'àmbit espanyol aquella que fa referència als principis ètics que es veuen afectats per aquesta manera d'informar. L'article parteix d'una investigació prèvia que caracteritzava l'infoentreteniment televisiu i revisa els seus estilemes d'acord amb els principals codis d'ètica informativa vigents a Espanya: el Codi deontològic europeu de la professió periodística, el Codi deontològic de la Federació d'Associacions de Periodistes d'Espanya, el Manual d'estil de Radiotelevisió Espanyola i el Codi deontològic dels serveis informatius d'Antena 3. Entre els principis que es veuen afectats es troben: la responsabilitat social del periodista, la veritat informativa i la independència informativa de l'utilitarisme mercantilista.Infotainment is considered one of the most important trends in today’s journalism, especially in television. In recent years, a large volume of research has been devoted to this subject but there has been much less research on the ethical principles relating to this type of information. This paper is based on previous research that characterized television infotainment and reviewed its stylemes in the light of the principal journalistic codes of ethics in Spain: the European Code of Journalism Ethics, the FAPE Code of Ethics and the codes of Radiotelevisión Española and Antena 3. The principles involved include the social responsibility of journalists, truth in journalism and editorial independence from commercial practices.El infoentretenimiento se considera una de las tendencias más relevantes dentro del periodismo actual a escala internacional, especialmente en el medio televisivo. Pese a las numerosas investigaciones desarrolladas en torno al infoentretenimiento, son escasas en el ámbito español las que se refieren a los principios éticos que se ven afectados por esta manera de informar. El artículo parte de una investigación previa que caracterizaba el infoentretenimiento televisivo y revisa sus estilemas a la luz de los principales códigos de ética informativa vigentes en España aplicables a este medio: el Código Deontológico Europeo de la Profesión Periodística, el Código Deontológico de la Federación de Asociaciones de Periodistas de España, el Manual de estilo de Radiotelevisión Española y el Código Deontológico de los Servicios Informativos de Antena 3. Entre los principios que aparecen afectados se encuentran: la responsabilidad social del periodista, la verdad informativa y la independencia informativa del utilitarismo mercantilista

Some aspects of the family chromodorididae (opisthobranchia: nudibranchia) from brazil, with description of a new species

Algunos aspectos sobre la familia Chromodorididae (Opisthobranchia: nidibranchia) de Brasil, con la descripción de una nueva especie. – En este trabajo se hace un estudio de los nudibranquios pertenecientes a la familia Chromodorididae Bergh, 1891 encontrados durante varias campañas de muestreo en el litoral de Río de Janeiro, São Paulo y Fernando de Noronha (Brasil); fue estudiado un total de ocho especies de esta familia con descripción de una nueva especie, Chromodoris paulomarcioi n.sp. El taxón Hypselodoris picta lajensis Troncoso, García and Urgorri, 1998, es elevado a la categoría taxonómica de especie, y se proporcionan nuevas citas para algunas de las especies halladas

Ethical considerations on television infotainment

Producción CientíficaEl infoentretenimiento se considera una de las tendencias más relevantes dentro del periodismo actual a escala internacional, especialmente en el medio televisivo. Pese a las numerosas investigaciones desarrolladas en torno al infoentretenimiento, son escasas en el ámbito español las que se refieren a los principios éticos que se ven afectados por esta manera de informar. El artículo parte de una investigación previa que caracterizaba el infoentretenimiento televisivo y revisa sus estilemas a la luz de los principales códigos de ética informativa vigentes en España aplicables a este medio: el Código Deontológico Europeo de la Profesión Periodística, el Código Deontológico de la Federación de Asociaciones de Periodistas de España, el Manual de estilo de Radiotelevisión Española y el Código Deontológico de los Servicios Informativos de Antena 3. Entre los principios que aparecen afectados se encuentran: la responsabilidad social del periodista, la verdad informativa y la independencia informativa del utilitarismo mercantilista.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (Project CSO2012-34698

Media prosumers in political communication: Politainment on YouTube. Prosumidores mediáticos en la comunicación política: El «politainment» en YouTube.

This article analyzes the role of the political «infotainment» prosumer on Internet. In the second half of the XX century, telecracy was the predominant one-way communication model that not only popularized politics but also transformed politics into entertainment or «politainment». The XXI century began with the conviction that the Internet would lead to a bidirectional communication model in which true dialogue between political power and citizens would emerge. This research explores a new field of study: Web 2.0 «politainment» and prosumers’ attitudes and actions within this new communication sphere. The objective of the study is to identify the kind of political content Internet users consume and produce. To achieve this, we made a case study of the political information produced and consumed on YouTube, and in particular of a speech given by Ana Botella, the Mayor of Madrid, before the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in September 2013. The 40 most-watched videos on YouTube during the week of the Mayor’s appearance as well as those viewed in the month that followed have been analyzed, in addition to the 3,000 comments on these videos. The conclusion shows that the prosumption of «politainment» on Internet is characterized by massive consumption of information but passive reaction with regard to production and participation

Comunicación Política en Internet: La tendencia al “infoentretenimiento” político en "YouTube"

This research focuses in the study of political infotainment. Originally, this is a genre linked to television, but now it is present in other media as Internet. This paper proves that many political videos of YouTube satisfy the characteristics of infotainment. Specifically, this paper shows the results of an analysis of the most played videos in YouTube in 2010 of of some representatives of European policy as Nicolas Sarkozy (France), Silvio Berlusconi (Italy), Gordon Brown (United Kingdom) or José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (Spain), as well as the USA President Barack Obama (EEUU). Esta investigación se centra en el estudio del “infoentretenimiento” político, un género vinculado a la televisión, pero que en los últimos años ha logrado tener presencia en el resto de los medios de comunicación, incluyendo la Red. Este trabajo evidencia la presencia en la plataforma YouTube de un gran número de vídeos políticos que cumplen con las características del “infoentretenimiento”. De manera concreta, se presenta un análisis de los vídeos que aparecían destacados como aquellos más populares, por el número de reproducciones realizadas, en la búsqueda de información en YouTube de los siguientes representantes de la política europea en 2010: Nicolás Sarkozy, Silvio Berlusconi, Gordon Brown o José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, así como del presidente estadounidense: Barack Obama

RanBP2-Mediated SUMOylation Promotes Human DNA Polymerase Lambda Nuclear Localization and DNA Repair

Cellular DNA is under constant attack by a wide variety of agents, both endogenous and exogenous. To counteract DNA damage, human cells have a large collection of DNA repair factors. Among them, DNA polymerase lambda (Polλ) stands out for its versatility, as it participates in different DNA repair and damage tolerance pathways in which gap-filling DNA synthesis is required. In this work we show that human Polλ is conjugated with Small Ubiquitin-like MOdifier (SUMO) proteins both in vitro and in vivo, with Lys27 being the main target of this covalent modification. Polλ SUMOylation takes place in the nuclear pore complex and is mediated by the E3 ligase RanBP2. This post-translational modification promotes Polλ entry into the nucleus, which is required for its recruitment to DNA lesions and stimulated by DNA damage induction. Our work represents an advance in the knowledge of molecular pathways that regulate cellular localization of human Polλ, which are essential to be able to perform its functions during repair of nuclear DNA, and that might constitute an important point for the modulation of its activity in human cells

Control of Animal Brucellosis — The Most Effective Tool to Prevent Human Brucellosis

The World Health Organization classifies brucellosis as one of the seven neglected endemic zoonosis which contribute to the perpetuation of poverty in developing countries. Although most of the developed countries are free from this important zoonosis, brucellosis has still a widespread distribution in the Mediterranean region, the Middle East, Central Asia, and parts of Latin America, making it a global problem. Nearly half a million of new cases of human brucellosis are reported each year around the world, in which animals (or products of animal origin) are the most likely source of infection. Brucella melitensis, the main etiologic agent of small ruminant brucellosis, is the most prevalent specie involved in cases of human disease in most parts of the world. Additionally, Brucella abortus (main responsible of bovine brucellosis) and Brucella suis (the most common etiological agent of porcine brucellosis) are often associated with human brucellosis. In animal production, brucellosis has a strong economic impact due not only to its direct consequences (e.g., reproductive failures) but also to indirect loses (e.g., trade restrictions). The problem of brucellosis could be considered a clear example of the need for a “One World, One Health” strategy, given that the only approach to achieve its control and subsequent eradication is the cooperation between public and animal health authorities. The prevention of human brucellosis cannot be achieved without the control of the disease in the animals, as exemplified by the impact that the early measures adopted in the beginning of the 20th century forbidding the consumption of goat milk had on the prevalence of the disease in the British soldiers in Malta. When the prevalence of the disease in the animal population is high or when eradication cannot be achieved due to other factors (e.g., lack of economic resources), its control in livestock must be the first objective. When deciding the optimal approach to tackle the disease, the prevalence of animal brucellosis is not the only parameter to consider by the decision makers since other epidemiological and economic aspects should be considered in order to implement the most adequate control strategy in each region. Cooperation between all stakeholders involved is a cornerstone in the success of any control strategy. Strict biosafety and management measures, vaccination, and test-and-slaughter strategy are recognized as the most effective strategies to control this pathology in livestock. The adequate combination of these measures depends on several factors that will determine the success of the eradication efforts. The present chapter will review the abovementioned measures for the control and eradication of brucellosis in livestock, focusing on the advantages and drawbacks of the diagnosis tools and immunization strategies currently available and evaluating new approaches based on the advance on the knowledge of different aspects of this disease and its etiological agents

Ultrasound-guided paravertebral block for pyloromyotomy in 3 neonates with congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

AbstractBackground and objectivesHypertrophic pyloric stenosis is a relatively common affection of gastrointestinal tract in childhood that results in symptoms, such as projectile vomiting and metabolic disorders that imply a high risk of aspiration during anesthetic induction. In this way, the carrying out of a technique with general anesthesia and intravenous rapid sequence induction, preoxygenation and cricoid pressure are recommended. After the correction of systemic metabolic alkalosis and pH normalization, cerebrospinal fluid can keep a state of metabolic alkalosis. This circumstance, in addition to the residual effect of neuromuscular blocking agents, inhalant anesthetics and opioids could increase the risk of postoperative apnea after a general anesthesia.Case reportWe present the successful management in 3 neonates in those a pyloromyotomy was carried out because they had presented congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. This procedure was done under general anesthesia with orotracheal intubation and rapid sequence induction. Then, ultrasound-guided paravertebral block was performed as analgesic method without the need for administrating opioids within intraoperative period and keeping an appropriate analgesic level.ConclusionsLocal anesthesia has demonstrated to be safe and effective in pediatric practice. We consider the ultrasound-guided paravertebral block with one dose as a possible alternative for other local techniques described, avoiding the use of opioids and neuromuscular blocking agents during general anesthesia, and reducing the risk of central apnea within postoperative period