Les interrogatives al tortosí i al lleidatà. Un element diferenciador de subdialectes

Aquest article forma part del projecte AMPER (Atles Multimèdia de la Prosodia de l’Espai Romànic) i se centra en el domini occidental del català. Concretament, s’hi analitza la producció de frases interrogatives absolutes de dues informants considerades representatives de dos subdialectes: el lleidatà i el tortosí. S’observa que les produccions obtingudes, tot i tractar-se d’informants del mateix diasistema dialectal, són força diferents. Aquestes diferències també es veuen avalades pels resultats obtinguts en les prospeccions de la percepció d’oracions interrogatives per part d’oients lleidatans i tortosins.This article is part of the AMPER project, which aims at creating a multimedia prosody atlas of the romance space, and focuses on Western Catalan. In particular, we analyse the production of absolute interrogative sentences by two informants representative of two subdialects: lleidatà and tortosí. We can appreciate that the data obtained are quite different between speakers, even though they belong to the same dialectal system. These differences are also supported by the results of perceptual tests in which interrogative sentences were played to listeners from Lleida and Tortosa

Les interrogatives al tortosí i al lleidatà. Un element diferenciador de dialectes

Aquest article forma part del projecte AMPER (Atles Multimèdia de la Prosodia de l'Espai Romànic) i se centra en el domini occidental del català. Concretament, s'hi analitza la producció de frases interrogatives absolutes de dues informants considerades representatives de dos subdialectes: el lleidatà i el tortosí. S'observa que les produccions obtingudes, tot i tractar-se d'informants del mateix diasistema dialectal, són força diferents. Aquestes diferències també es veuen avalades pels resultats obtinguts en les prospeccions de la percepció d'oracions interrogatives per part d'oients lleidatans i tortosins

Towards a new Catalan dialectal map? Considerations from dialectometrically obtanined prosodic data

En els darrers anys, l’estudi de la prosòdia s’ha vist afavorit per una gran quantitat de treballs realitzats des d’òptiques diferents. En el cas del català, però, gairebé sempre s’han centrat en l’estudi de la varietat barcelonina i s’han obviat les variants dialectals i subdialectals. El projecte AMPER i la seva concreció dedicadaa l’estudi del català (a més d’altres variants romàniques), AMPER-CAT, ha procurat omplir aquest buit a partir de la consideració de frases enunciatives i interrogatives pragmàticament neutres. Amb la tasca descriptiva acabada, els resultats són susceptibles de ser sotmesos a tractament dialectomètric per obtenir una visió global del domini lingüístic a partir estrictament de les dades prosòdiques. Aquest és l’objectiu d’aquest article. L’eina emprada és el programa ProDis, que actualment es desenvolupa al Laboratori de Fonètica de la UB. Els resultats ofereixen un mapa que no coincideix ben bé amb els postulats de la dialectologia catalana tradicional, que no ha treballat amb dades prosòdiques, i permeten relacionar el català amb altres varietats romàniques.During the last years the study of prosody has developed thanks to a huge number of research that have been carried out from different perspectives. Thisnotwithstanding, in the case of Catalan prosodic studies have focused mostly onthe variety spoken in Barcelona and have neglected other dialects. The AMPERproject and its Catalan section (known as AMPER-CAT) have tried to fill this gapby gathering and analysing data of broad focus statements and information-seeking yes-no questions in several Catalan dialects. The descriptive objective of the project has already been achieved. For this reason, the aim of this article is analysing the data with dialectometrical techniques that can provide a global vision of the dialectal configuration of Catalan from a prosodic point of view. Such analysis is carried out by means of ProDis, a dialectometrical tool developed at the Phonetics Laboratory of the University of Barcelona. The results of the analysis do not coincide exactly with traditional dialectometric studies, which have not taken into account prosodic data. Finally, Catalan prosodic data are analysed in the framework of Romance languages. The results provide a map that does not match exactly with the tenets of traditional Catalan dialectology, who has worked with prosodic data and are related to other Romance varieties

Cap a un nou mapa dialectal del català? Consideracions a partir de dades prosòdiques tractades dialectomètricament

En els darrers anys, l'estudi de la prosòdia s'ha vist afavorit per una gran quantitat de treballs realitzats des d'òptiques diferents. En el cas del català, però, gairebé sempre s'han centrat en l'estudi de la varietat barcelonina i s'han obviat les variants dialectals i subdialectals. El projecte AMPER i la seva concreció dedicada a l'estudi del català (a més d'altres variants romàniques), AMPER-CAT, ha procurat omplir aquest buit a partir de la consideració de frases enunciatives i interrogatives pragmàticament neutres. Amb la tasca descriptiva acabada, els resultats són susceptibles de ser sotmesos a tractament dialectomètric per obtenir una visió global del domini lingüístic a partir estrictament de les dades prosòdiques. Aquest és l'objectiu d'aquest article. L'eina emprada és el programa ProDis, que actualment es desenvolupa al Laboratori de Fonètica de la UB. Els resultats ofereixen un mapa que no coincideix ben bé amb els postulats de la dialectologia catalana tradicional, que no ha treballat amb dades prosòdiques, i permeten relacionar el català amb altres varietats romàniques

Estudio de la entonación del catalán hablado en la ciudad de l'Alguer (Cerdeña) en el marco de AMPERCAT

Este trabajo se inscribe en el marco del proyecto general AMPER, Atlas Multimedia de Prosodia del Espacio Románico, (Contini 2005; Fernández Planas 2005) y, en particular, en AMPERCAT que aplica la idea y la metodología AMPER al estudio de las principales variedades del catalán. El objetivo de este trabajo es ofrecer nuevos datos sobre la entonación, concretamente sobre la curva melódica de enunciativas y los dos tipos de interrotivas (sin y con 'que'), en el subdialecto catalán hablado en la ciudad de L'Alguer (Cerdeña)

WebSurvCa: web-based estimation of death and survival probabilities in a cohort

La supervivencia relativa se ha utilizado habitualmente como medida de la evolución temporal del exceso de riesgo de mortalidad en cohortes de pacientes diagnosticados de cáncer, teniendo en cuenta la mortalidad de una población de referencia. Una vez estimado el exceso de riesgo de mortalidad pueden calcularse tres probabilidades acumuladas a un tiempo T: 1) la probabilidad de fallecer asociada a la causa de diagnóstico inicial (enfermedad en estudio), 2) la probabilidad de fallecer asociada a otras causas, y 3) la probabilidad de supervivencia absoluta en la cohorte a un tiempo T. Este trabajo presenta la aplicación WebSurvCa (https://shiny.snpstats.net/WebSurvCa/), mediante la cual los registros de cáncer de base hospitalaria y poblacional, y los registros de otras enfermedades, estiman dichas probabilidades en sus cohortes seleccionando como población de referencia la mortalidad de la comunidad autónoma que consideren

Negative responses of highland pines to anthropogenic activities in inland Spain: a palaeoecological perspective

Palaeoecological evidence indicates that highland pines were dominant in extensive areas of the mountains of Central and Northern Iberia during the first half of the Holocene. However, following several millennia of anthropogenic pressure, their natural ranges are now severely reduced. Although pines have been frequently viewed as first-stage successional species responding positively to human disturbance, some recent palaeobotanical work has proposed fire disturbance and human deforestation as the main drivers of this vegetation turnover. To assess the strength of the evidence for this hypothesis and to identify other possible explanations for this scenario, we review the available information on past vegetation change in the mountains of northern inland Iberia. We have chosen data from several sites that offer good chronological control, including palynological records with microscopic charcoal data and sites with plant macro- and megafossil occurrence. We conclude that although the available long-term data are still fragmentary and that new methods are needed for a better understanding of the ecological history of Iberia, fire events and human activities (probably modulated by climate) have triggered the pine demise at different locations and different temporal scales. In addition, all palaeoxylological, palynological and charcoal results obtained so far are fully compatible with a rapid human-induced ecological change that could have caused a range contraction of highland pines in western Iberia

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries