Principal component analysis identifies different representative match load profiles in international women’s field hockey based on playing positions

The aim of this study was to assess the principal components (PC) of women’s field hockey players´ TL distinguishing by playing positions (i.e., back, midfielder, forward). Data were collected from sixteen players belonging to the Spanish National women’s field hockey team during 13 official matches from the European Championship, World Series, and Pre-Olympic tournament. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) grouped a total of 16 variables in five to six PC, explaining between 68.6 and 80% of the total variance. Different variables formed the PC that explain the player’s performance in different field positions. There were differences by positions in the distance covered at 21 to 24 km·h-1 (midfielders>forwards), decelerations from 5 to 4 m·s-2 (midfielders>forwards), and in maximum accelerations (midfielders>backs). Overall, strength and conditioning coaches should combine exercises which induce a high degree of aerobic endurance and power. However, some specification should be made by playing position: (1) defenders should perform training sessions with at least the same amount of volume as in the matches; (2) forwards should perform training efforts that ensure high repeated sprint ability; and (3) midfielders should perform a high training volume to develop high-intensity aerobic endurance, in combination with short-term efforts.post-print769 K

Effects of intervention program Prev@cib on traditional bullying and cyberbullying

Due to the negative consequences of being bullied and the increase in cyberbullying among adolescents, there is a need for evidence-based programs to prevent and intervene in these types of peer violence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Prev@cib bullying and cyberbullying program, drawing on three theoretical frameworks: the ecological model, empowerment theory, and the model of personal and social responsibility. The Prev@cib program was evaluated using a repeated-measures pre-post-test design with an experimental group and a control group. The sample consisted of 660 adolescents between 12 and 17 years old (M = 13.58, SD = 1.26), randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. Repeated-measures ANOVA of pre-post-test scores were conducted. Results showed a significant decrease in bullying and victimization and cyberbullying and cybervictimization in the experimental group, compared to the control group, indicating that the Prev@cib program is effective in reducing bullying and cyberbullying. Taking into account the harmful effects of these types of violence, the results have important implications in the prevention of these behaviors because they provide scientific evidence of the program's effectiveness

Mineralogical and physical-chemical characterisation of Roman mortars used for monumental substructures on the Hill of San Antonio, in the Roman city of Italica (prov. Baetica, Santiponce, Seville, Spain)

The Roman city of Italica (Santiponce, Seville, Spain) is characterised by the use of opus caementicium, especially in major public works. Many of these works appear to be connected with the expansion carried out in the early 2nd century CE, a period in which this technique attained high levels of technical achievement. Traditionally, this expansion has been regarded as the personal initiative of the Emperor Hadrian, whose family roots were in the city. The structure chosen for our case study is unique. It is located on the eastern slope of the so-called ‘Hill of San Antonio’ and has been interpreted as a substructure, or platform, for a public area above. However, the archaeological characterisation of this structure is still limited. The mortars used in this construction have been characterised through petrographic, mineralogical, geochemical and physical analysis. Their mineralogical composition has been analysed using thin sections, XRD and SEM. Chemical composition has been analysed by XRF. Physical properties analysed include granulometry, density, porosity, porosimetry, mechanical and hydraulic properties. Following the analyses, four types of mortar were distinguished. In all cases, their composition is lime-based and includes different proportions of other materials, such as metamorphic, igneous and sedimentary rock. In general, a planned and consistent production technology can be inferred, as shown by the careful selection of raw materials, the proportion of caementa and the homogeneity of the resulting mortar. The analyses have provided us with important information on the way the material was prepared and used depending on the structural needs of the construction. In addition, ancient mortar is in itself a valuable historical document concerning technological capabilities and choices and their degree of development at any given time, in this case, the Early Roman Empire

Self-reported psychological development in cosmetic breast surgery patients

Cosmetic breast surgery is the only therapeutic alternative for psychological and physical complications associated with micromasty, breast ptosis, and macromasty. We analyzed the effects of 2 variables, time, and type of cosmetic breast surgery, on anxiety symptomatology and quality of life. Following a mixed 3x4 design, 3 groups of women with breast augmentation (n=63), mastopexy (n=42), and breast reduction (n=30) were selected and evaluated using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey at 4 different times, the preoperative stage, and at 1, 6, and 12 months postoperative. Pearson’s chi square, Welch’s U, Games-Howell tests, mixed analysis of variance, and Cohen’s d and w for effect size were calculated. Results relating to anxiety (state and trait) showed that the time factor was significant (P<0.001) with differences between the preoperative stage (higher anxiety levels) and the 3 postoperative stages: at 1 month (P<0.001), 6 months (P<0.001), and 12 months (P<0.001). In quality of life, type of surgery and time factors were found to have interactive effects on vitality (P=0.044) and role-emotional (P=0.023) dimensions. Compared to the other 2 groups, women who had undergone mastopexy felt worse (vitality) at 1 month since surgery than in the other stages, and better at 6 months since surgery (role-emotional). In the rest of the dimensions, and focusing on the most relevant effect sizes, the type of surgery made a difference in the physical functioning (P=0.005) and role-physical (P=0.020) dimensions, where women who had had breast reduction felt worse than those who had had augmentation. Time also resulted in differences in the physical functioning (P<0.001), role-physical (P<0.001), and bodily pain (P<0.001) dimensions, where women felt worse at 1 month since surgery than during the rest of the stages, as well as in the social functioning dimension (P<0.001) at 1 month, compared to 6 months postoperative. We conclude that in the long term, women who have cosmetic breast surgery recover their physical and psychological well-bein

Interprofesionalidad y salud en el primer nivel de atención La experiencia en Barrio Penino, San José 2020

Este trabajo sistematiza y reflexiona acerca de la experiencia integral desarrollada en el primer nivel de atención en salud en el Barrio Penino, San José. Específicamente se expone la realizada en el año 2020 por un colectivo docente de seis servicios universitarios de la Universidad de la República, en la cual se formaron estudiantes de grado de esos centros, a través de varios proyectos que incluyeron la formación interprofesional como su eje central. En la práctica se actualizó la aproximación diagnóstica en salud realizada en 2019 prepandemia, destacando cambios y concordancias, y se realizaron una serie de actividades de promoción y educación para la salud bajo el lema #ConvivenciaSinViolencia. De ellas se destacan la implementación de la segunda edición de la Feria de la Salud, el diseño y realización de un mural y de una fotogalería, realizados en forma presencial en el segundo semestre de 2020. Durante la experiencia se priorizó la reflexión conjunta sobre temas relevantes, como la naturaleza del Sistema Nacional Integrado de Salud y sus fundamentos, la participación comunitaria en salud, la interdisciplina y la necesaria formación conjunta, tomando en cuenta las restricciones establecidas a partir de la emergencia sanitaria Los proyectos de intervención fueron diseñados e implementados por docentes y estudiantes

Estrategia pedagógica para preservar los saberes ancestrales de la etnia Zenú en estudiantes del grado quinto de la Institución Educativa Indígena El Martillo San Antonio de Palmito, Sucre

El presente proyecto de intervención educativa, se realizó con la intención de diseñar una estrategia pedagógica, para incentivar el aprendizaje y preservación de los saberes ancestrales que caracteriza a la etnia Zenú, teniendo en cuenta la importancia que representa para esta comunidad indígena mantener viva su cultura e identidad. Por esta razón, se planteó la necesidad de fomentar una intervención cuyo objetivo es fortalecer las artesanías propias de esta comunidad indígena, por medio de actividades pedagógicas dirigidas específicamente a veintiún estudiantes del grado quinto de primaria de la Institución Educativa Indígena El Martillo-Sucre, cuyas edades oscilan entre los 10 y 13 años. Se desarrolla esta muestra por evidenciarse en ellos apatía y desinterés por aprender y perpetuar las tradiciones ancestrales de su comunidad; por consiguiente se desarrolla la propuesta llamada: Tejiendo saberes. Esta es enfocada para conseguir en los educandos la motivación esencial para mantener el legado artesanal. Cabe mencionar que esta investigación se desarrolla por medio de un enfoque cualitativo, bajo un diseño etnográfico. El tipo de investigación planteado es la investigación, acción, lo cual significa que brinda la posibilidad de comprender aún mejor y de manera global los factores que desencadenan dichas posturas en los estudiantes. Se emplean como técnicas de recolección de datos la observación participante y la entrevista estructurada dirigida a estudiantes. Para llevar a cabo este proyecto, se requirió la colaboración de los líderes de la comunidad, los cuales son los adultos mayores, quienes, por medio de su sapiencia, son considerados la historia viva que transmiten sus conocimientos a través de la tradición oral.This educational intervention project was carried out with the intention of designing a pedagogical strategy to encourage the learning and preservation of ancestral knowledge that characterizes the Zenú ethnic group, taking into account the importance for this indigenous community to keep their culture and identity alive. For this reason, the need arose to promote an intervention whose objective is to strengthen the crafts of this indigenous community, through pedagogical activities directed specifically to twenty-one students of the fifth grade of primary school of the Indigenous Educational Institution El Martillo-Sucre, whose ages range between 10 and 13 years old. This sample is developed because they show apathy and disinterest in learning and perpetuating the ancestral traditions of their community; therefore, the proposal called: Weaving knowledge is developed. This is focused to achieve in the students the essential motivation to maintain the artisan legacy. It is worth mentioning that this research is developed through a qualitative approach, under an ethnographic design. The type of research proposed is action research, which means that it offers the possibility of understanding even better and in a global way the factors that trigger such postures in the students. Participant observation and structured interviews with students were used as data collection techniques. To carry out this project, the collaboration of the community leaders was required, which are the older adults, who, through their wisdom, are considered the living history that transmits their knowledge through oral tradition

Mycobacteria clumping increase their capacity to damage macrophages

The rough morphotypes of non-tuberculous mycobacteria have been associated with the most severe illnesses in humans. This idea is consistent with the fact that Mycobacterium tuberculosis presents a stable rough morphotype. Unlike smooth morphotypes, the bacilli of rough morphotypes grow close together, leaving no spaces among them and forming large aggregates (clumps). Currently, the initial interaction of macrophages with clumps remains unclear. Thus, we infected J774 macrophages with bacterial suspensions of rough morphotypes of M. abscessus containing clumps and suspensions of smooth morphotypes, primarily containing isolated bacilli. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy and electron microscopy, we observed clumps of at least five rough-morphotype bacilli inside the phagocytic vesicles of macrophages at 3 h post-infection. These clumps grew within the phagocytic vesicles, killing 100% of the macrophages at 72 h post-infection, whereas the proliferation of macrophages infected with smooth morphotypes remained unaltered at 96 h post-infection. Thus, macrophages phagocytose large clumps, exceeding the bactericidal capacities of these cells. Furthermore, proinflammatory cytokines and granuloma-like structures were only produced by macrophages infected with rough morphotypes. Thus, the present study provides a foundation for further studies that consider mycobacterial clumps as virulence factors

Effects of Caffeine Ingestion on Physical Performance in Elite Women Handball Players: A Randomized, Controlled Study.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of acute caffeine (CAFF) intake on physical performance in elite women handball players. Methods: A total of 15 elite women handball players participated in a randomized, double-blind study. In 2 different trials, participants ingested either a placebo (cellulose) or 3 mg of CAFF per kilogram of body mass (mg/kg bm) before undergoing a battery of neuromuscular tests consisting of handball throws, an isometric handgrip strength test, a countermovement jump, a 30-m sprint test (SV) and a modified version of the agility T test. Then, participants performed a simulated handball game (2 × 20 min), and movement patterns were recorded with a local positioning system. Results: Compared with the placebo, CAFF increased ball velocity in all ball throws (P = .021–.044; effect size [ES] = 0.39–0.49), strength in isometric handgrip strength test (350.8 [41.2] vs 361.6 [46.1] N, P = .034; ES = 0.35), and countermovement-jump height (28.5 [5.5] vs 29.8 [5.5] cm; P = .006; ES = 0.22). In addition, CAFF decreased running time in the SV (4.9 [0.2] vs 4.8 [0.3] s; P = .042; ES = −0.34). In the simulated game, CAFF increased the frequency of accelerations (18.1 [1.2] vs 18.8 [1.0] number/min; P = .044; ES = 0.54), decelerations (18.0 [1.2] vs 18.7 [1.0] number/min; P = .032; ES = 0.56), and body impacts (20 [8] vs 22 [10] impacts/min; P = .032; ES = 0.30). However, postexercise surveys about self-reported feelings of performance indicate that players did not feel increased performance with CAFF. Conclusion: Preexercise ingestion of 3 mg/kg bm of CAFF improved ball-throwing velocity, jump, and sprint performance and the frequency of in-game accelerations and decelerations in elite women handball players.pre-print676 K

Theory of Mind in Borderline Personality Disorder A Possible Endophenotypic Factor

The purpose of this study is to examine whether theory of mind (ToM) is an endophenotypic marker of borderline personality disorder (BPD), thus constituting an etiopathogenic factor of the disease. This would suggest familial vulnerability to BPD. This was a case-control study involving 146 individuals with 57 BPD patients, 32 first-degree relatives, and 57 controls (median age of BPD and control = 33.4 years; relatives = 52.9 years; BPD females and controls = 91.2%; female relatives = 62.5%). All the participants completed the Spanish version of the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition test to evaluate the ToM subclassification: interpretation of emotions, thoughts and intentions. BPD patients and their healthy first-degree relatives exhibited significant deficits in the correct interpretation of emotions and intentions compared to healthy controls. Both patients with BPD and their healthy first-degree relatives exhibited significant deficits in ToM, which suggests that it may be an etiopathogenic factor of BPD, and ToM (interpretation of emotions, thoughts and intentions) is a possible endophenotypic marker of BPD, suggesting a genetic predisposition to the disorder. Therefore, ToM could be considered as an indicator for the early detection of the disorder of and intervention for BPD