Efectos del mindfulness y EMDR en la regulación emocional en trastornos de ansiedad, depresión y TEPT

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar los efectos y la efectividad del Mindfulness en la regulación emocional en pacientes con trastornos de ansiedad y depresión. Así como los efectos de EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) en el Trastorno de Estrés Post-traumático (TEPT). Para ello se ha revisado literatura científica en estas áreas, describiendo los conceptos clave e investigando los efectos en pacientes con estos trastornos. Los resultados sugieren una mejoría significativa en los síntomas emocionales en los pacientes que han sido tratados con ambas terapias en sus respectivos trastornos, lo que sugiere que el mindfulness debe estar integrado en el tratamiento de los trastornos de ansiedad y depresión, y que el EMDR es una terapia muy efectiva para el TEPT.The aim of this study is to analyze the effects and effectiveness of mindfulness on emotional regulation in patients with anxiety and depression disorders, as well as the effects of EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. To this end, scientific literature in these areas has been reviewed, describing the key concepts and investigating the effects on patients with these disorders. The results suggest a significant improvement in emotional symptoms in patients who have been treated with both therapies in their respective disorders, suggesting that mindfulness should be integrated into the treatment of anxiety and depression disorders, and that EMDR is a highly effective therapy for PTSD

Strengthening the climate services chain in Central America

Central American farmers are highly vulnerable to climate variability, with crop losses observed throughout the region on a virtually annual basis. At the same time, local stakeholders and farmers generally have limited access to existing climate and forecast information, do not have sufficient capacities to understand the climate information and/or mechanisms to relate this information to the impact that climate variations can generate at the local level. This precludes the translation of information into actionable knowledge, and therefore into action. Here we describe a process through which scientists and strategic partners have co-developed, tested, and scaled out approaches to assess, co-produce, translate and transfer climate information to enable agricultural decision making (e.g. Next Generation of climate forecasts -NextGen, the Local Technical Agroclimatic Committees - LTAC, the Participatory Integrated Climate Services for Agriculture -PICSA). Through these approaches’ farmers and stakeholders access information about climate variations at multiple timescales, understand how these can affect crops, and design measures to reduce crop loss, particularly providing agronomic recommendations to farmers. We systematically describe the process of evidence generation, creation, partner engagement, scaling up, and monitoring of these approaches throughout Central America at a national level and at the local level especially in application sites known as the Climate-Smart Villages

Genomic analysis of three Bradyrhizobium geno(species) nodulating Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) in Peru

The Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus), also known as pallar, ibes, garrofón or butter bean in Peru, México, Spain and USA, respectively, is the second most economically important species of Phaseolus. Peru is a centre of origin and domestication of Lima bean. This crop is cultivated mainly in the Central coast of Peru under a subtropical arid climate. In contrast to the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) which forms nodules with fast growing Rhizobium strains, the Lima bean forms nodules with slow growing bacteria of the Bradyrhizobium genus (López-López et al. 2013, Ormeño-Orrillo et al. 2006). We found strains of Bradyrhizobium yuanmingense and of three novel Bradyrhizobium genospecies inside P. lunatus nodules in Peru (Ormeño- Orrillo et al. 2006). Strains of the three novel genospecies were characterized by showing an extra-slow growing phenotype (generation time > 10 h-1) and strong alkali production in yeast extract mannitol medium. Two of the novel genospecies were recently named as Bradyrhizobium paxllaeri and Bradyrhizobium icense (Durán et al. 2014). B. paxllaeri strains dominate nodule occupancy followed by those of B. icense and then the third and yet-unnamed genospecies. With the aim to gain insights into this differential competitive ability, we sequenced the genome of one representative strain of each species. Sequencing was performed with the Illumina HiSeq or MiSeq platform and genome assembly with the SPAdes program. Gene prediction and automated annotation was performed with Prokka and RAST. Annotation of genes putatively involved in competitiveness was manually curated. Assemblies had from 55 to 175 contigs, with N50 sizes > 131 kb. Genome sizes of B. paxllaeri and B. icense were similar (8.2 Mb) and larger than that of the third genospecies (7.8 Mb). Preliminary analysis revealed differences between B. paxllaeri and the other two genospecies such as more genes for type IV pilus and two nodA genes. A comparative genomic analysis of P. lunatus symbionts will be presented at the meeting

Management of Brain Tumors in Eloquent Areas with Awake Patient

This chapter aims to provide an overview of the transdisciplinary work of the Neurosurgeon, Neuroanesthesiologist and Neuropsychologist before, during and after the resection of a neoplasm in eloquent areas with the patient conscious under the 3A anesthesia modality (asleep, awake, asleep). The diagnostic approach and the logistics to carry out this procedure and achieve better results will be shown. At present there is growing evidence regarding the benefits of surgery in awake patients, with application in the treatment of epilepsy, abnormal movements and oncological surgery. The benefits of awake craniotomy are increased lesion removal, with improved survival benefit, whilst minimizing damage to eloquent cortex and resulting postoperative neurological dysfunction. Other advantages include a shorter hospitalization time, hence reduced cost of care, and a decreased incidence of postoperative complications. This approach has allowed to achieve a higher degree of resection with less morbidity and a higher quality of life

Occurrence of priority pollutants in WWTP effluents and Mediterranean coastal waters of Spain

A comprehensive study aimed at evaluating the occurrence, significance of concentrations and spatial distribution of priority pollutants (PPs) along the Comunidad Valenciana coastal waters (Spain) was carried out in order to fulfil the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). Additionally, PP concentrations were also analysed in the effluent of 28 WWTPs distributed along the studied area. In coastal waters 36 organic pollutants of the 71 analysed, including 26 PPs were detected although many of them with low frequency of occurrence. Only 13 compounds, which belong to four different classes (VOCs, organochlorinated pesticides, phthalates and tributyltin compounds (TBT)) showed a frequency of occurrence above 20% in coastal waters. In the results obtained until now, octylphenol, pentachlorobenzene, DEHP and TBT exceeded the annual average concentration (EQS-AAC), and only TBT surpassed the maximum allowable concentration (EQS-MAC). The most frequent contaminants determined in coastal waters were also present in WWTP effluents. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Financial support from Conselleria de Medio Ambiente, Agua, Urbanismo y Vivienda de la Generalitat Valenciana (Application of Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC on endocrine disruptors and priority substances in coastal areas in the Comunidad Valenciana) is gratefully acknowledged.Martí Ortega, N.; Aguado García, D.; Segovia Martínez, L.; Bouzas Blanco, A.; Seco Torrecillas, A. (2011). Occurrence of priority pollutants in WWTP effluents and Mediterranean coastal waters of Spain. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 62(3):615-625. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.01.010S61562562

Recovery Signals of Rhodoliths Beds since Bottom Trawling Ban in the SCI Menorca Channel (Western Mediterranean)

One of the objectives of the LIFE IP INTEMARES project is to assess the impact of bottom trawling on the vulnerable benthic habitats of the circalittoral bottoms of the Menorca Channel (western Mediterranean), designated a Site of Community Importance (SCI) within the Natura 2000 network. The present study compares the epibenthic communities of four areas, subjected to different bottom trawl fishing intensity levels. The assignment of fishing effort levels was based on the fishing effort distribution in the area calculated from Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) data and the existence of two Fishing Protected Zones in the Menorca Channel. Biological samples were collected from 39 beam trawl stations, sampled during a scientific survey on April 2019. We compare the diversity, composition, and density of the epibenthic flora and fauna, together with the rhodoliths coverage and the morphology of the main species of rhodoliths of four areas subjected to different levels of bottom trawl fishing effort, including one that has never been impacted by trawling. Our results have shown negative impacts of bottom trawling on rhodoliths beds and the first signals of their recovery in areas recently closed to this fishery, which indicate that this is an effective measure for the conservation of this habitat of special interest and must be included in the management plan required to declare the Menorca Channel as a Special Area of Conservation.En prens

A role for Oncostatin M in the impairment of glucose homeostasis in obesity

CONTEXT: Oncostatin M (OSM) plays a key role in inflammation, but its regulation and function during obesity is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of OSM with the inflammatory state that leads to impaired glucose homeostasis in obesity. We also assessed whether OSM immunoneutralization could revert metabolic disturbances caused by a high-fat diet (HFD) in mice. DESIGN: 28 patients with severe obesity were included and stratified into two groups: (1) glucose levels 100 mg/dL. White adipose tissue was obtained to examine OSM gene expression. Human adipocytes were used to evaluate the effect of OSM in the inflammatory response, and HFD-fed C57BL/6J mice were injected with anti-OSM antibody to evaluate its effects. RESULTS: OSM expression was elevated in subcutaneous and visceral fat from patients with obesity and hyperglycemia, and correlated with Glut4 mRNA levels, serum insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and inflammatory markers. OSM inhibited adipogenesis and induced inflammation in human adipocytes. Finally, OSM receptor knockout mice had increased Glut4 mRNA levels in adipose tissue, and OSM immunoneutralization resulted in a reduction of glucose levels and Ccl2 expression in adipose tissue from HFD-fed mice. CONCLUSIONS: OSM contributes to the inflammatory state during obesity and may be involved in the development of insulin resistance