Educación inclusiva para el alumnado con discapacidad intelectual y/o enfermedad mental en centros penitenciarios de la Unión Europea

El objeto de este artículo es analizar la situación del alumnado con discapacidad intelectual y/o enfermedad mental que reside en Centros Penitenciarios en relación a la educación inclusiva en el espacio de la Unión Europea. Se estudia si las personas con discapacidad que cumplen condena en una institución privativa de libertad (situación de vulnerabilidad por la que necesitan una mayor protección para lograr la inclusión real y efectiva en la sociedad) tienen acceso a la educación inclusiva. Se trata de exponer una serie de recomendaciones a los Estados Miembros con el fin de que este alumnado con necesidades educativas especiales y en situación de gran vulnerabilidad pueda acceder a la educación inclusiva con el fin de que no se genere discriminación con respecto al resto de alumnado.The purpose of this work is making an analysis of the situation of students with intellectual disabilities and / or mental illness who live in prison in relation to inclusive education in the European Union. In the present text I study if persons with disabilities who are serving a sentence in a institution of deprivation of liberty if they have access to inclusive education (a vulnerability situation for which they need greater protection in order to achieve the real and effective inclusion in society). I try to present several recommendations to the member states in order that the students with special educational needs and in a highly vulnerable situation can access inclusive education so that no discrimination is generated with respect to the rest of the students

La especificidad de la lengua en la adaptación de textos en lectura fácil a alumnos con discapacidad intelectual

El objeto de este trabajo es realizar un análisis sobre la utilización de una lengua u otra en los textos que se adapten para mejor comprensión del alumnado con discapacidad intelectual abordando los que se realicen en la técnica lectura fácil (incluyendo el lenguaje sencillo) y para todos los niveles de enseñanza. La herramienta lectura fácil va a ayudar a este colectivo en el logro de objetivos académicos marcados (a modo de apoyos) partiendo de la base de que es imposible asimilar conocimientos si no se comprende el contenido del texto. La inclusión de las personas con discapacidad tiene como fin eliminar barreras por lo que el idioma que se utilice no puede provocar una barrera más a un alumno con discapacidad intelectual. Se expone el caso concreto de optar por la utilización de la lengua castellana o galega cuando el alumno tiene como primera lengua una u otra. Se analiza qué barreras puede provocar el uso de una u otra así como soluciones para eliminarlas. La conclusión principal es que la utilización de herramientas innovadoras como la lectura fácil es un reflejo del apoyo al alumnado con necesidades educativas especiales, en concreto, los que tienen discapacidad intelectual, generando visibilidad de la diversidad educativa, obteniendo únicamente efectos positivos y beneficiosos para estos estudiantes siendo la lectura fácil un apoyo idóneo para este perfil de alumnado. La lengua empleada en las adaptaciones de textos debe ser la que utilizan los alumnos con discapacidad intelectual como primera lengua dado que no pueden generarse más barreras en su entorno (no discriminación y máxima integración) y siendo el fin último de esta técnica facilitar la comprensión

La calidad de la educación en centros penitenciarios de la Unión Europea. ¿Una utopía en la agenda 2030?

The proposal is based on SDG (Sustainable Development Goal) 4: "Guarantee an inclusive, equitable and quality education and promote learning opportunities throughout life", in the EU(European Union), for adult students residing in a context of confinement as are the prisons where they serve a sentence in a custodial institution. The objective of this study is the search and analysis of legislative references of the European Union in permanent adult education in order to verify if they are sufficient and if it would be necessary to include specific actions in the 2030 Agenda of the Member States.La propuesta está basada en el ODS(Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible) 4: “Garantizar una educación inclusiva, equitativa y de calidad y promover oportunidades de aprendizaje durante toda la vida”, en el ámbito territorial de la Unión Europea, para el alumnado adulto que reside en un contexto de encierro como son los centros penitenciarios donde cumplen condena en una institución privativa de libertad. El objetivo del estudio es la búsqueda y análisis de referencias legislativas de la Unión Europea en materia de educación permanente de adultos con el fin de comprobar si son suficientes y si sería necesario incluir acciones específicas en la Agenda 2030 de los Estados Miembros

Proyectos de la Unión Europea enfocados hacia la mejora de la educación de adultos en centros penitenciarios asumidos por el estado miembro Portugal desde comienzos del siglo XXI

El objetivo del trabajo es determinar qué proyectos de la Unión Europea ha llevado a cabo el Estado Miembro Portugal con el fin de mejorar las carencias de su sistema penitenciario en el ámbito de la enseñanza de adultos desde comienzos del siglo XXI. El desarrollo del trabajo está centrado en estudiar aspectos como la temática de los mismos, la finalidad que persiguen, el tipo de persona a quien va dirigido, el tipo y entidades que co-participan así como los distintos objetivos marcados

Benzothiadiazine dioxide human cytomegalovirus inhibitors: Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of main heterocycle modified derivatives

The benzothiadiazine dioxide derivatives are potent non-nucleoside human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) inhibitors. As part of our comprehensive structure-activity relationship (SAR) study of these compounds, we have now proposed structural modifications on the heterocyclic moiety both on the number and the nature of the fused heterocycle and on the kind of heteroatoms present on it. Synthesis of these new compounds (benzyl derivatives of thiadiazines, thienothiadiazines, benzothienothiadiazines and quinazolines) and the antiviral evaluation against HCMV has been performed. SAR investigation on this class of compounds has defined the structural requirements for potency and toxicity. They have revealed two important clues: i) a fused ring to the thiadiazine framework is necessary to maintain the anti-HCMV action, and ii) the sulfamido moiety in the main heterocycle is crucial to avoid cytotoxicity.Peer Reviewe

Anti-HIV-1 activity of benzothiadiazine dioxide

Antiviral assays carried out on the potent benzothiadiazine dioxide (BTD) human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) inhibitors have led us to find marginal but selective anti-HIV-1 activity. Specific pharmacological studies, such as time of addition experiments and assays on specific viral strains with mutations on its reverse transcriptase, have indicated that BTD compounds act as nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Theoretical calculations showed a butterfly conformation for the active derivatives that are compatible with their mechanism of action. Therefore, BTD derivatives can be considered as potential lead compounds for the treatment of opportunistic HCMV infections in immunocompromised individuals such as AIDS patients.Peer Reviewe

Mixed-method research protocol: Development and evaluation of a nursing intervention in patients discharged from the intensive care unit

Alta de la UCI; Diseño de un método mixto; Intervención de enfermeríaAlta de la UCI; Disseny d'un mètode mixt; Intervenció d'infermeriaICU discharge; Mixed-method design; Nursing interventionAim (a) To understand patients’ lived experience at intensive care unit (ICU) discharge and (b) to evaluate the impact of a nursing empowerment intervention (NEI) on patients’ anxiety and depression levels at ICU discharge. Design A mixed-methods approach will be applied. Methods In the qualitative phase, the hermeneutic phenomenological method will be used. Participants will be patients from three university hospitals who will be selected by purposive sampling. Data will be gathered through in-depth interviews and analysed using content analysis. The qualitative data obtained will be employed to develop the nursing intervention. Subsequently, a multicenter, parallel-group, experimental pre-test/post-test design with a control group will be used to measure the effectiveness of the nursing empowerment intervention in the quantitative phase by means of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Simple random probabilistic sampling will include 172 patients in this phase

San Pedro Martir observations of microvariability in obscured quasars

Fast brightness variations are a unique tool to probe the innermost regions of active galactic nuclei (AGN). These variations are called microvariability or intra-night variability, and this phenomenon has been monitored in samples of blazars and unobscured AGNs. Detecting optical microvariations in targets hidden by the obscuring torus is a challenging task because the region responsible for the variations is hidden from our sight. However, there have been reports of fast variations in obscured Seyfert galaxies in X-rays, which rises the question whether microvariations can also be detected in obscured AGNs in the optical regime. Because the expected variations are very small and can easily be lost within the noise, the analysis requires a statistical approach. We report the use of a one-way analysis of variance, ANOVA, with which we searched for microvariability. ANOVA was successfully employed in previous studies of unobscured AGNs. As a result, we found microvariable events during three observing blocks: in two we observed the same object (Mrk 477), and in another, J0759+5050. The results on Mrk 477 confirm previous findings. However, since Mrk 477 is quite a peculiar target with hidden broad-line regions, we cannot rule out the possibility that we have serendipitously chosen a target prone to variations.Comment: Research note, 5 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic

Effect of a Very-Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet on Circulating Myokine Levels Compared with the Effect of Bariatric Surgery or a Low-Calorie Diet in Patients with Obesity

The preservation of muscle mass and muscle function after weight loss therapy is currently a considerable challenge in the fight against obesity. Muscle mass secretes proteins called myokines that have relevant functions in the regulation of metabolism and health. This study was aimed to evaluate whether a very low-calorie ketogenic (VLCK) diet may modulate myokine levels, in addition to changes in body composition, compared to a standard, balanced low-calorie (LC) diet or bariatric surgery in patients with obesity. Body composition, ketosis, insulin sensitivity and myokines were evaluated in 79 patients with overweight/obesity after a therapy to lose weight with a VLCK diet, a LC diet or bariatric surgery. The follow-up was 6 months. The weight loss therapies induced changes in myokine levels in association with changes in body composition and biochemical parameters. The effects on circulating myokine levels compared to those at baseline were stronger after the VLCK diet than LC diet or bariatric surgery. Differences reached statistical significance for IL-8, MMP2 and irisin. In conclusion, nutritional interventions or bariatric surgery to lose weight induces changes in circulating myokine levels, being this effect potentially most notable after following a VLCK dietThis work was supported by the PronoKal Group® and grants from the Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria, PI17/01287 research projects and CIBERobn (CB06/03/0003, CB12/03/30007, CB12/03/30002, CB06/03/0018) from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)-Subdireccion General de Evaluacion y Fomento de la Investigación; Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) and the Health Department of the Government of Navarra (48/2009), Spain and Linea Especial “Nutrition, Obesity and Health” (University of Navarra LE/97). Ana B Crujeiras is funded by a research contract “Miguel Servet” (CP17/00088) from the ISCIII, co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)S

Follow-up in healthy schoolchildren and in adolescents with DOWN syndrome: psycho-environmental and genetic determinants of physical activity and its impact on fitness, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory biomarkers and mental health; the UP&DOWN Study

[Background] An objective diagnosis of sedentary behaviour as well as of the physical activity and fitness levels in youth and to better understand how lifestyle is associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors and other phenotypes is of clinical and public health interest, and might be informative for developing intervention studies focused on the promotion of physical activity in these population. The aim of this methodological paper is to describe the design and assessment in the UP&DOWN study. [Methods/Design] The UP&DOWN study is a multi-center follow-up design where 2225 Spanish primary and secondary schoolchildren from Cadiz and Madrid, respectively, as well as 110 Spanish adolescents with Down syndrome from Madrid and Toledo were recruited to be assessed. Nine main measurement categories are assessed: i) socio-demographic and early determinants; ii) environmental determinants; iii) physical activity and sedentary behaviour; iv) health-related fitness; v) blood pressure and resting heart rate; vi) mental health; vii) dietary patterns; viii) blood samples; and ix) genetic analysis. During the 3-yr follow-up study, socio-demographic and early determinants, and genetic analysis are only assessed in the first year. Blood sampling is assessed in the first year and the third year (2nd follow-up), and all the other measurements are assessed every year. [Discussion] The findings of the UP&DOWN study may help the Health Information Systems and policy makers to identify the target population for primary prevention and health promotion policies, and to develop and test preventive strategies. Moreover, these data will allow following the trends at population level, as well as to modify/adapt/create new evidence-based physical activity guidelines at national level. The findings will also serve as a scientific platform for interventional studies.This study was supported by the DEP 2010-21662-C04-00 (DEP 2010-21662-C04-01, DEP 2010-21662-C04-02, DEP 2010-21662-C04-03, DEP 2010-21662-C04-04) RYC-2010-05957 grants from the National Plan for Research, Development and Innovation (R + D + i) MICINN