Longitudinal association of dietary acid load with kidney function decline in an older adult population with metabolic syndrome

Background: Diets high in acid load may contribute to kidney function impairment. This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary acid load and 1-year changes in glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR). Methods: Older adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome (mean age 65 ± 5 years, 48% women) from the PREDIMED-Plus study who had available data on eGFR (n = 5,874) or UACR (n = 3,639) at baseline and after 1 year of follow-up were included in this prospective analysis. Dietary acid load was estimated as potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) at baseline from a food frequency questionnaire. Linear and logistic regression models were fitted to evaluate the associations between baseline tertiles of dietary acid load and kidney function outcomes. One year-changes in eGFR and UACR were set as the primary outcomes. We secondarily assessed ≥ 10% eGFR decline or ≥10% UACR increase. Results: After multiple adjustments, individuals in the highest tertile of PRAL or NEAP showed higher one-year changes in eGFR (PRAL, β: –0.64 ml/min/1.73 m2; 95% CI: –1.21 to –0.08 and NEAP, β: –0.56 ml/min/1.73 m2; 95% CI: –1.13 to 0.01) compared to those in the lowest category. No associations with changes in UACR were found. Participants with higher levels of PRAL and NEAP had significantly higher odds of developing ≥10% eGFR decline (PRAL, OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.07–1.54 and NEAP, OR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.03–1.50) and ≥10 % UACR increase (PRAL, OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.04–1.46) compared to individuals with lower dietary acid load. Conclusions: Higher PRAL and NEAP were associated with worse kidney function after 1 year of follow-up as measured by eGFR and UACR markers in an older Spanish population with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome

Riociguat treatment in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: Final safety data from the EXPERT registry

Objective: The soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator riociguat is approved for the treatment of adult patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and inoperable or persistent/recurrent chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) following Phase

Effects of 12 Weeks of Strength Training and Gluten-Free Diet on Quality of Life, Body Composition and Strength in Women with Celiac Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease characterized by gluten-induced intestinal inflammation. Dietary restrictions and symptoms may have a significant impact on the patient’s quality of life, body composition (BC), and strength. This study was designed to assess the impact of an isocaloric gluten free diet and resistance exercise in women. A total of 28 Spanish women, aged 40 years old or more, took part in a randomized controlled trial. Each group received a different intervention: group 1, gluten-free nutrition plan + exercise (GFD + E); group 2, gluten-free nutrition plan (GFD); group 3, celiac controls (NO-GFD); and group 4, non-celiac controls (CONTROL). The variables studied were quality of life, BC and isometric hand strength. After 12 weeks of intervention, celiac women that followed a gluten-free diet and exercise showed higher scores on the psychological health scale than celiac women without intervention. The women in group 1 were the only ones who presented improvements in BC variables; fat mass, BMI, and fat-free mass. Negative correlations were found between the perception of quality of life and age, however a positive correlation between quality of life and isometric strength test results was found. In addition to a gluten-free diet, resistance training is essential to improve BC, strength, and gastrointestinal symptoms.This research was funded by Generalitat Valenciana (Concelleria D’ Educació, Investigació Cultura I Esport), grant number GV/2017/112

Comportamiento de toretes en pastos tropicales suplementados con caña de azúcar y enzimas fibrolíticas

Sugar cane as complementary forage to steers grazing bigalta grass was evaluated in different treatments. Thirty two steers (initial BW 220+- 63 kg) were used. Treatments were 1) Control, grazing + 1.0 kg concentrate animal day-1 2) grazing + 1.0 kg concentrate animal day-1+ saccharina, 3) grazing + 1.0 kg concentrate animal day-1+ whole sugarcane + urea (1.5% humid base) + fibrolytic enzymes (Fibrozyme) 15 g animal day-,1 and 4) grazing + 1.0 kg concentrate animal day-1 + whole sugarcane + urea (1.5% humid base). Steers receiving dietary supplements were housed in individual pens daily from 0700 to 1500, to determine individual feed intake, whereas animals in the control group remained in the paddock. No differences in forage DM intake and total DM intake between treatments were observed (P>0.05), nor in digestibility between treatments including sugar cane. Intake of sugar cane processed as saccharina was 1.04 kg day-1, being 1.13 kg and 1.07 for sugar cane with or without fibrolytic enzymes. Average daily gain was similar among treatments (P>0.05), with 566 g d-1 in control group, 580 g day-1 saccharine, and 584 and 559 g day-1 for sugar cane with or without enzyme. Sugar cane processed as saccharina or treated with urea with or without fibrolytic enzymes did not improve steers', performance in grazing conditions.Se evaluó la caña de azúcar con diferentes tratamientos como forraje suplementario a bovinos en pastoreo con predominancia de pasto bigalta. Se utilizaron 32 toretes, con peso vivo inicial de 220 ± 63 kg. Los tratamientos estudiados fueron: 1) Testigo, que consistió en pastoreo + 1.0 kg de concentrado animal día-1, 2) Pastoreo + saccharina + 1.0 kg de concentrado animal día-1, 3) Pastoreo + caña de azúcar integral + urea (1.5 % base húmeda) + 1.0 kg de concentrado + 15 g de enzimas fibrolíticas (Fibrozyme) animal día-1, 4) Pastoreo + caña de azúcar integral + urea (1.5 % base húmeda) + 1.0 kg de concentrado animal día-1. El grupo testigo permaneció en la pradera, mientras que los demás se alojaron en corraletas individuales de 0700 a 1500, donde se cuantificó el consumo de suplemento, saccharina y caña integral. No hubo diferencias en consumo de pasto y consumo total, entre tratamientos (P>0.05), ni en digestibilidad para los tratamientos que consumieron caña. El consumo de materia seca de caña de azúcar como saccharina fue 1.04, 1.13 con enzima y 1.07 kg d-1 sin enzima. La ganancia de peso no fue diferente entre tratamientos (P>0.05) siendo de 566 g animal día-1 para el testigo, 580 g animal día-1 con saccharina, 584 y 559 g animal día-1 para la caña de azúcar con o sin enzima, respectivamente. El uso de caña de azúcar procesada como saccharina, o con la adición de urea con o sin enzimas fibrolíticas, no mejoró el comportamiento productivo de toretes en pastoreo

Psychological, Physiological, and Physical Effects of Resistance Training and Personalized Diet in Celiac Women

Background: Gluten intolerance is a systemic process of autoimmune nature; it develops in genetically predisposed subjects with gluten ingestion. The only treatment for celiac disease (CD) is a lifelong strict gluten-free diet (GFD). This study was designed to evaluate adherence to a GFD, risk of an eating disorder, and nutritional status in adult CD patients undergoing different interventions. Methods: A total of 28 Spanish women, aged 40 years or more, took part in a randomized controlled trial. Each group received a different intervention: group 1, gluten-free nutrition plan + exercise (GFD + E); group 2, gluten-free nutrition plan (GFD); group 3, celiac controls (NO-GFD); and group 4, non-celiac controls (CONTROL). The training was prescribed by a sport scientist. It was based on resistance training with elastic bands; beforehand a warm-up was performed and the resistance was increased progressively. The variables studied were adherence to the GFD, risk of eating disorders, blood values, and body composition. Results: Celiac women with personalized nutritional planning presented greater adherence to a gluten-free diet (p < 0.001). Regarding leukocytes, significant differences were observed between the GFD and control groups (p = 0.004). Perimeters and folds did not decrease significantly. Conclusion: Women with celiac disease who follow an adapted and personalized diet have a better adherence to a GFD compared to those who follow a non-professional diet, and therefore have a better immune system status (blood leukocytes).This research was funded by Generalitat Valenciana (Concelleria D’ Educació, Investigació Cultura I Esport) (grant no. GV/2017/112)

Incorporation of Fructooligosaccharides in Diets Influence Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme Activity, and Expression of Intestinal Barrier Function Genes in Tropical Gar (<i>Atractosteus tropicus</i>) Larvae

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on the growth, survival rate, digestive enzyms activity, and the expression of intestinal barrier function genes in tropical gar (Atractosteus tropicus) larvae. A total of 960 larvae (0.030 ± 0.006 g) were fed three diets supplemented with increasing FOS concentrations (2.5, 5, and 7.5 g kg−1) and a control diet for 15 days. Results revealed that a 7.5 g kg−1 FOS supplementation improved weight gain, specific growth rate, and survival rate (p −1 FOS supplementation increased alkaline protease and amylase activities and induced an upregulation of the claudin-17 gene expression (p −1 FOS induced the upregulation of mucin 2 (muc-2), and the tight junction genes zo-2 and claudin-3 (p −1 FOS promoted the downregulation of the claudin-15 gene expression (p il-8 expression. We can conclude that 7.5 g kg−1 FOS supplementation improves growth performance, survival rate, and digestive capacity, and could contribute to the reinforcement of the intestinal barrier function of Tropical gar larvae

Study the Effect of an Innovative Educational Program Promoting Healthy Food Habits on Eating Disorders, Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Body Composition in University Students

The university stage is a good time to promote healthy eating strategies. The sociological and cultural changes experienced by students lead them to skip meals, increase their intake of fast food and energy-dense foods, decreasing adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD). Professionals related to food such as nutritionists and dietitians are also considered a population at risk of developing eating disorders due to the extensive knowledge they possess, which can be used for both good and bad practice. The objective was to analyze the impact of a 4-month educational program promoting the Mediterranean diet on risky eating behaviors, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and body composition in nutrition and dietetics students, studying the differences according to the group investigated (control group and educated group). The context of the research was 196 students (49 males and 147 females) from two consecutive years. The control group did not receive any type of intervention, while with the control group (educated) an educational program was carried out. Results showed that women with greater control over energy intake, carbohydrates, and sugar had a lower percentage of fat mass, while in men, the relationship was established with weight. Regarding adherence to the Mediterranean diet, at post, it is adequate in both men (8.25 ± 2.87) and women (7.90 ± 2.89), with no significant differences between the intervention groups.This work was supported by a grant from the University Teaching Research Networks Program of the Institute of Education Sciences of the University of Alicante (2021-22). Ref: 5628