Don Sebastián vivo y muerto: Historia y catarsis en los romances sobre Alcazarquivir

The corpus of ballads on Ksar-el-Kebir is relatively small, considering the wide impact the battle had in other ways. Only ten extant, printed and manuscript. They show all the nuances and even the thematic evolution that characterize the numerous prose accounts of the events, following the political needs as they changed. Most of them are from 1592-1595, after the long silence that followed the battle, when it was not politically acceptable to discuss problematic issues, such as the reasons for the debacle, the courage of the participants, the alleged survival of the king. Neither he or his nobility could be criticized, as Phillip II needed them to administer his new kingdom. Once his power consolidated, the Flores started to print ballads that touch all these questions, albeit without clearly answering any of them. The death of the king is never pronounced, but suggested in many ways, and his memory saved as that of a courageous yet imprudent young warrior. By the turn of the century, after a succession of Sebastian impostors and the growth of Sebastianism as a support system for nationalistic resistance, chronicles and balladry produce the death of the king and even his corpse.El corpus de romances sobre Alcazarquivir es relativamente reducido, teniendo en cuenta la amplia repercusión de la batalla en otros medios. Son apenas diez, entre impresos y manuscritos. Sin embargo contienen todos los matices y hasta evolución temática que podemos observar en las numerosas crónicas y relaciones en prosa, impulsada por las necesidades políticas de cada momento. La mayor parte se concentra en el periodo 1592-1595, tras la larga década de silencio que sigue a la batalla, cuando no era políticamente aceptable extenderse sobre los aspectos conflictivos del tema: los motivos del desastre, el valor de los participantes, la supervivencia del rey, que no podía ser censurado. Tampoco sus nobles, a quienes Felipe II necesitaba para gobernar su nuevo reino. Una vez consolidado su poder, las Flores empiezan a imprimir romances que, sin responder de forma clara a ninguna de estas preguntas, las tocan todas, insinúan sin afirmar la muerte de D. Sebastián y salvan su recuerdo como joven valeroso aunque imprudente, con matices dependientes del medio en que se conservan. Solo cuando en torno al cambio de siglo se suceden los falsos sebastianes y crece el sebastianismo como sistema de resistencia nacionalista, aparecen con todas las letras la muerte y el cadáver del rey

La publicación de La Florida del Inca. Garcilaso en sus muchos nombres

This article explores the treatment the Inca gives to the many names of his relatives, protectors and potential patrons in four paratexts to La Florida: Relación de la descendencia..., his hitherto unknown Epítome del descubrimiento..., the dedicacy to the duke of Bragança and chapter II.vi, containing the conquistadors presentation. From this perspective we can identify the count of Feria as the main relative whose refusal to help Garcilaso partly determined his name change; the Relación and the Epítome are seen as having a unity of purpose. The publication of two of the Inca’s works in Lisbon responds to very specific political interests of the house of Bragança: glorifying the role of Portuguese conquistadors in Florida as a way to showcase the importance of Portugal in the Hispanic Monarchy.Estudio, desde la perspectiva del sistema de protección familiar y la necesidad de patronazgo, del tratamiento que el Inca da a los nombres de otros (parientes, allegados, posibles mecenas) en los paratextos de La Florida: la Relación de la descendencia..., su hasta ahora desconocido Epítome del descubrimiento..., su dedicatoria al duque de Braganza y el capítulo II.vi, donde se presenta a los conquistadores. El conde de Feria es identificado como su principal pariente homónimo, cuya falta de protección determina en parte su cambio de nombre; se estudia el sentido unísono de la Relación y del Epítome, así como la publicación de sus obras en Lisboa, respondiendo a móviles políticos de la casa de Braganza: glorificar el papel de los conquistadores portugueses en Florida como modo de destacar la importancia de Portugal en la Monarquía Hispánica

Don Sebastián vivo y muerto

El corpus de romances sobre Alcazarquivir es relativamente reducido, teniendo en cuenta la amplia repercusión de la batalla en otros medios. Son apenas diez, entre impresos y manuscritos. Sin embargo contienen todos los matices y hasta evolución temática que podemos observar en las numerosas crónicas y relaciones en prosa, impulsada por las necesidades políticas de cada momento. La mayor parte se concentra en el periodo 1592-1595, tras la larga década de silencio que sigue a la batalla, cuando no era políticamente aceptable extenderse sobre los aspectos conflictivos del tema: los motivos del desastre, el valor de los participantes, la supervivencia del rey, que no podía ser censurado. Tampoco sus nobles, a quienes Felipe II necesitaba para gobernar su nuevo reino. Una vez consolidado su poder, las Flores empiezan a imprimir romances que, sin responder de forma clara a ninguna de estas preguntas, las tocan todas, insinúan sin afirmar la muerte de D. Sebastián y salvan su recuerdo como joven valeroso aunque imprudente, con matices dependientes del medio en que se conservan. Solo cuando en torno al cambio de siglo se suceden los falsos sebastianes y crece el sebastianismo como sistema de resistencia nacionalista, aparecen con todas las letras la muerte y el cadáver del rey

Los secretos a voces del rey Don Sebastián

La disparidad de componentes de la Miscelânea de Foios (c. 1577) tiene un elemento aglutinador en la denuncia del desgobierno de D. Sebastián y la amenaza que para Portugal representa Felipe II. La yuxtaposición de estos elementos preexistentes crea entre ellos se-cuencias con significados nuevos. El aparente caos se revela así lleno de secretos y de claves para descubrirlos. Ambas coronas son atacadas también en la alusión a temas nefandos: aquello de lo que no se puede hablar. Entreleemos así referencias acalladas a la acusación de parricidio que ya pesaba sobre Felipe II por la muerte de D. Carlos; a la homosexualidad de D. Sebastián, borrosamente inscrita en el fondo de un complejo y falso horóscopo, así como en oblicuas alusiones a la relación del rey con su confesor. Tampoco falta la melancolía suicida del rey, que aquí se revela y oculta en alusiones lo bastante inteligibles como para que algún texto fuera posteriormente, y con vehemencia, tachado.The many, disparate components of the Miscelânea de Foios (c. 1577) find a common aim in denouncing King Sebastian’s government and the threat that Phillip II of Spain posed to Portugal. The juxtaposition of these preexisting elements creates brief sequences with new meanings, so that what at first sight seems to be a chaotic mix reveals itself to be a chest full of secrets and keys to unveil them. Both crowns are attacked by way of allusions to their nefarious secrets, those that cannot be spoken about: hushed references to accusations of parricide against Phillip II, allusions to king Sebastian’s homosexuality, hidden at the bottom of a fake horoscope and behind complex mythological comparisons. Also present is the young king’s melancholic, suicidal character, an allusion to which was picked up by one reader who vehemently tried to erase it

The donor star of the X-ray pulsar X1908+075

High-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) consist of a massive donor star and a compact object. While several of those systems have been well studied in X-rays, little is known for most of the donor stars as they are often heavily obscured in the optical and ultraviolet regime. There is an opportunity to observe them at infrared wavelengths, however. The goal of this study is to obtain the stellar and wind parameters of the donor star in the X1908+075 high-mass X-ray binary system with a stellar atmosphere model to check whether previous studies from X-ray observations and spectral morphology lead to a sufficient description of the donor star. We obtained H- and K-Band spectra of X1908+075 and analysed them with the Potsdam Wolf-Rayet (PoWR) model atmosphere code. For the first time, we calculated a stellar atmosphere model for the donor star, whose main parameters are: $M_{\mathrm{spec}}$ = $15 \pm 6$$M_{\odot}$, $T_{\ast} = 23_{-3}^{+6},$kK, $\log g_\mathrm{eff} = 3.0 \pm 0.2$ and $\log L/L_{\odot}$ = $4.81 \pm 0.25$. The obtained parameters point towards an early B-type (B0--B3) star, probably in a supergiant phase. Moreover we determined a more accurate distance to the system of 4.85 $\pm$ 0.50 kpc than the previously reported value.Comment: Accepted for publication in Section 7. Stellar structure and evolution of Astronomy and Astrophysics. The official date of acceptance is 21/04/201

The accretion environment in Vela X-1 during a flaring period using XMM-Newton

We present analysis of 100 ks contiguous XMM-Newton data of the prototypical wind accretor Vela X-1. The observation covered eclipse egress between orbital phases 0.134 and 0.265, during which a giant flare took place, enabling us to study the spectral properties both outside and during the flare. This giant flare with a peak luminosity of $3.92^{+0.42}_{-0.09} \times 10^{37}$ erg s$^{-1}$ allows estimates of the physical parameters of the accreted structure with a mass of $\sim$ $10^{21}$ g. We have been able to model several contributions to the observed spectrum with a phenomenological model formed by three absorbed power laws plus three emission lines. After analysing the variations with orbital phase of the column density of each component, as well as those in the Fe and Ni fluorescence lines, we provide a physical interpretation for each spectral component. Meanwhile, the first two components are two aspects of the principal accretion component from the surface of the neutron star, and the third component seems to be the \textit{X-ray light echo} formed in the stellar wind of the companion.Comment: Accepted. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 201

Effectiveness of Following Mediterranean Diet Recommendations in the Real World in the Incidence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and Adverse Maternal-Foetal Outcomes: A Prospective, Universal, Interventional Study with a Single Group. The St Carlos Study

We reported that a Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet), supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) and pistachios, reduces GDM incidence and several other adverse outcomes. In order to assess its translational effects in the real world we evaluated the effect of MedDiet from 1st gestational visit in GDM rate compared with control (CG) and intervention (IG) groups from the previously referred trial. As secondary objective we also compared adverse perinatal outcomes between normoglycemic and diabetic women. This trial is a prospective, clinic-based, interventional study with a single group. 1066 eligible normoglycaemic women before 12 gestational weeks were assessed. 932 women (32.4 ± 5.2 years old, pre-gestational BMI 22.5 ± 3.5 kg/m2) received a motivational lifestyle interview with emphasis on daily consumption of EVOO and nuts, were followed-up and analysed. Binary regression analyses were used to examine the risk for each pregnancy outcome, pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational weight gain (GWG), caesarean-section, perineal trauma, preterm delivery, small (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA), and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit admissions. GDM was diagnosed in 13.9%. This rate was significantly lower than the CG: RR 0.81 (0.73–0.93), p < 0.001 and no different from the IG: RR 0.96 (0.85–1.07), p = 0.468. GWG was lower in diabetic women (10.88 ± 6.46 vs. 12.30 ± 5.42 Kg; p = 0.013). Excessive weight gain (EWG) was also lower in GDM [RR 0.91 (0.86–0.96); p < 0.001] without a significant increase of insufficient weight gain. LGA were also lower (1 (0.8%) vs. 31 (3.9%); p < 0.05)), and SGA were similar (5 (3.8%) vs. 30 (3.7%)). LGA were associated to EWG (RR 1.61 (1.35–1.91), p < 0.001). Differences in other maternal-foetal outcomes were not found. In conclusions an early MedDiet nutritional intervention reduces GDM incidence and maternal-foetal adverse outcomes and should be universally applied as 1st line therapy. GDM might not be consider as a high risk pregnancy any longer

Guía de cribado del cáncer de cuello de útero en España, 2014

Justificación de la Guía de cribado del cáncer de cuello de útero en España, 2014 El cáncer de cuello uterino (CCU) es la tercera neoplasia más frecuente en el mundo en las mujeres. El cribado de mujeres sanas mediante citología cervical ha demostrado claramente su eficacia, puesto que su aplicación de forma adecuada y sistemática en determinados países ha conseguido reducir en un 70-80% la incidencia y mortalidad por CCU. Este beneficio se debe a la detección de lesiones premalignas asintomáticas cuyo diagnóstico y tratamiento evita su progresión a carcinoma invasor..

Advances in Understanding High-Mass X-ray Binaries with INTEGRALand Future Directions

High mass X-ray binaries are among the brightest X-ray sources in the Milky Way, as well as in nearby Galaxies. Thanks to their highly variable emissions and complex phenomenology, they have attracted the interest of the high energy astrophysical community since the dawn of X-ray Astronomy. In more recent years, they have challenged our comprehension of physical processes in many more energy bands, ranging from the infrared to very high energies.In this review, we provide a broad but concise summary of the physical processes dominating the emission from high mass X-ray binaries across virtually the whole electromagnetic spectrum. These comprise the interaction of stellar winds with the high gravitational and magnetic fields of compact objects, the behaviour of matter under extreme magnetic and gravity conditions, and the perturbation of the massive star evolutionary processes by presence in a binary system.We highlight the role of the INTEGRAL mission in the discovery of many of the most interesting objects in the high mass X-ray binary class and its contribution in reviving the interest for these sources over the past two decades. We show how the INTEGRAL discoveries have not only contributed to significantly increase the number of high mass X-ray binaries known, thus advancing our understanding of the population as a whole, but also have opened new windows of investigation that stimulated the multi-wavelength approach nowadays common in most astrophysical research fields.We conclude the review by providing an overview of future facilities being planned from the X-ray to the very high energy domain that will hopefully help us in finding an answer to the many questions left open after more than 18 years of INTEGRAL scientific observations.</p

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality