El control de la conducta emocional: una visión de responsabilidad penal en contra de la violencia de género

In Latin America there are several criminal systems by means of which cases  resulting in damages caused by perpetrators affected by or even victims of  emotional conditions which modify their habitual behavior have been deemed  as punishable events. These systems are even more complex when dealing with  crimes of passion in which most victims are women. This opens a window for  analyzing criminal responsibility in relation to emotional behaviors, the weak line  between emotion and disease for assessing the defendants’ behavior based on forensic and judicial documents that clearly prove the violent action, as well as  justice managers’ discretion when they should qualify the victim’s reaction against  his/her perpetrator as “provocative, serious, and unjust” to be in compliance with requirements demanded by criminal mitigating circumstances. These reflections  have been made after analyzing three cases of murdered women, heard by Pasto (N) Judicial District (Colombia).En América Latina son diversas las figuras penales que consideran como una condición  atenuante de punibilidad los casos en que la lesión o los daños han sido causados  por el agresor preso, o víctima incluso, de estados emocionales que modifican su  voluntad y perturban su comportamiento habitual. Esta figura se complejiza aún más  cuando se trata de casos en que se atenúan los homicidios pasionales cuyas víctimas  son, en su gran mayoría, población femenina. Lo anterior abre paso al análisis de la  responsabilidad penal respecto de las conductas emocionales, de la delgada línea que se  traza entre emoción y enfermedad para evaluar el comportamiento de los inculpados con  documentaciones forenses y judiciales que ambientan un panorama de invencibilidad  sobre la emoción violenta, así como la discrecionalidad de parte de los administradores de justicia cuando deben calificar los hechos que cometió la víctima contra su agresor  como “provocadores, graves e injustos” para cumplir con los requisitos que exige el  atenuante penal. Esta serie de reflexiones se hacen desde el análisis a tres casos de  feminicidio avocados por el Distrito Judicial de Pasto (N), Colombia

Comprehensive characterization of industrial wastewaters using EEM fluorescence, FT-IR and 1H NMR techniques

The organic matter present in six industrial wastewaters (pulp and paper mill, brewery, textile, dairy, slaughterhouse effluents and a municipal landfill leachate) has been studied in this work using three analytical techniques: excitation-emission matrix fluorescence (EEMF), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The pulp and paper mill effluent shows characteristic signals of the presence of lignins, carbohydrates and carboxylic acids, as well as sulfate, carbonate and sulfonates (coming from surfactants used in the cleaning of tanks). The main constituents of the brewery effluent are peptides and proteins coming mainly from spent yeast and diatomite filters (the presence of the latter was confirmed by Sisingle bondO bands in the FTIR spectrum). The municipal landfill leachate is characterized by the majority presence of humic substances (typical of an old landfill) and a residual presence of small peptides, amino acids and carboxylic acids. Additionally, several inorganic compounds were identified by FTIR, such as nitrate, sulfate, phosphate and cyanide ions. The textile effluent from a cotton-based industry contains carbohydrates, carboxylic acids and sulfonates, which can act as auxochromes in the textile industry. The dairy effluent comprises amino acids and small peptides coming from the biodegradation of milk and whey in addition to carbohydrates (lactose) and carboxylic acids (mainly lactic acid). The presence of tyrosine-like peaks B in the EEMF spectrum of the slaughterhouse effluent indicates the existence of small peptides and amino acids coming from the biodegradation of blood proteins. Additionally, residual glucose, fatty acids, phosphate and sulfate were also identified in this effluent

Patrones, barreras y factores de la comunicación familiar: Una perspectiva de algunos jóvenes colombianos de los departamentos de norte de Santander y Valle del Cauca.

98 páginasLa comunicación corresponde a la característica relacional del ser humano que permite el intercambio de ideas y opiniones. Dentro del contexto familiar, la comunicación es un elemento primordial, mediante el cual se establece contacto y determina la conexión familiar, de ahí la importancia de una comunicación asertiva. De esta manera, la presente investigación se realizó con el objetivo de analizar los patrones, barreras y factores de la comunicación familiar de acuerdo con la perspectiva de los jóvenes en Colombia. Se empleó un paradigma positivo con enfoque cuantitativo, utilizando un método descriptivo y de asociación a través de la prueba Chi-Cuadrado. La muestra es no probabilística por conveniencia, focalizada en jóvenes de los departamentos de Norte de Santander y Valle del Cauca. Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron los instrumentos: Patrones de Comunicación Familiar–R, Escala de Comunicación Padres- Adolescentes, Escala de Comunicación Familiar y Escala de Cohesión y Adaptabilidad Familiar Faces III. Los resultados evidenciaron que los jóvenes son escuchados con respeto y pueden expresar sus sentimientos; temas como la educación hace parte del diálogo familiar a diferencia de temas asociados a la sexualidad. También se encontró que las familias se apoyan entre sí y los problemas son resueltos en consenso, no se evidenciaron barreras significativas en la comunicación familiar. En conclusión, la investigación logró identificar una serie de resultados novedosos abriendo la posibilidad de trabajar en torno a diferentes factores de la comunicación familiar, para que los jóvenes y sus padres puedan forjar lazos y familias fortalecidas.Maestría en Asesoría Familiar y Gestión de Programas para la FamiliaMagíster en Asesoría Familiar y Gestión de Programas para la Famili

Attitudes of nursing students towards the legalization of euthanasia, end-of-life planning and the spiritual dimension: A quantitative study

Background: The Law on Euthanasia was approved in Spain and implemented in the health system. Nursing students must position themselves with respect to euthanasia in their work in the near future. Objectives: To know the attitudes of nursing students towards the legalization of euthanasia, its relationship with end-of-life planning, and the spiritual dimension. Design: A cross-sectional descriptive quantitative study. Settings and participants: Study carried out with students of the Nursing Degree at the Universities of Huelva and Almería in Spain from April to July 2021. Methods: Attitudes towards the final phase of life, Anxiety towards death, and Attitudes towards Euthanasia questionnaires were administered. Descriptive, inferential and logistic regression statistics were calculated to determine the relationship between attitudes towards euthanasia and sociodemographic variables, end-of-life planning, and the spiritual dimension. Results: 285 Nursing students with an average age of 23.58 years (SD = 8.19) participated. The scores on the attitude towards euthanasia were higher than the mean. While 70.5 % of the students were aware about advanced planning, only 2.5 % of them had made advanced plans. In religious practice and the spiritual dimension, the average score was high as they considered these elements to be of great support at the end of life. In terms of anxiety about death, the average score was significantly higher in women. Age, spiritual accompaniment and help, and the frequency with which spiritual beliefs are practiced are predictive factors for the attitude towards euthanasia. Conclusions: Students have a positive vision of euthanasia while admitting anxiety about death. They emphasize advance planning and greater religious practice as supports for euthanasia. The need for curricular training related to moral deliberation and values that support euthanasia is clear.This work was funded by the call for grants to carry out Research Projects (Modality A) of the University of Huelva [ID: 1076]. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Huelva / CBU

Monitoring the performance of wastewater treatment plants for organic matter removal using excitation-emission matrix fluorescence

This study has assessed the usefulness of excitation-emission matrix fluorescence (EEMF) as a fast and simple analytical technique to track changes in dissolved organic matter (DOM) during the sequence of treatment in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Three different industrial wastewaters and treatment plants have been studied in this work: an industrial park wastewater treated in an independent line at the Burgos WWTP (Spain), a food industry wastewater (crisps and snacks manufacturing) that was treated in a MBR (Membrane Biological Reactor) pilot plant (University of Burgos) and a municipal landfill leachate treated in a physicochemical treatment plant within the same landfill. Removal percentages for the wastewater organic matter at each stage of the treatment plants were successfully obtained by monitoring the main fluorescence peaks: protein-like peaks (tryptophan-like peaks T1, T2 and tyrosine-like peaks B1, B2), humic-like peaks (fulvic-like peak A and humic-like peak C) and microbially-derived peak M. Therefore, EEMF readily allows the assessment of the reactivity of the different types of organic matter towards specific treatments, such as clarification, biodegradation, filtration, etc. Among the wastewaters studied, the food industry wastewater exhibited the greater diversity of fluorescence peaks (B1, B2, T1, T2, A1, A2 and M) whereas the landfill leachate only showed the presence of humic substances (mainly humic-like peak C). This study has demonstrated that EEMF is a useful and user-friendly technique to monitor the performance of wastewater treatment plants for organic matter removal, allowing a rapid response to potential problems in the treatment

Propuesta de modelo estratégico integral para el proceso de salud ocupacional con énfasis en gestión del conocimiento

Propuesta de Modelo Estratégico Integral para el proceso de Salud Ocupacional con Énfasis en Gestión del Conocimiento bajo el modelo Nonaka y Takeuchi (1995), con el fin de minimizar el riesgo del factor psicosocial en las organizaciones.Proposed Integral Strategic Model for the Occupational Health process with Emphasis on Knowledge Management under the Nonaka and Takeuchi model (1995), in order to minimize the risk of the psychosocial factor in organizations

Dietary and Lifestyle Patterns in the Spanish Pediatric Population (One to <10 Years Old): Design, Protocol, and Methodology of the EsNuPI Study

The interest in a healthy diet and lifestyle during the early stages of life increased, pointing out its role in the development of noncommunicable chronic diseases throughout adult life. Dietary habits and dietary patterns begin to be established in early childhood and persist during adulthood. Therefore, the EsNuPI (“Nutritional Study in Spanish Pediatric Population”) study aims to depict the dietary patterns, physical activity, and sedentary behaviors in Spanish children aged from one to <10 years old. This prospective, cross-sectional, observational study recruited a total of 1514 children from Spanish cities with >50,000 inhabitants, stratified by Nielsen areas. Participants were involved in one face-to-face survey, followed by a telephone survey after at least one week. Information about dietary intake and habits was obtained using a quantitative food frequency questionnaire and two 24-h dietary recalls. Physical activity and sedentary behaviors were registered using a specific questionnaire based on a seven-day record. Data were processed and stratified by categorical variables to be statistically analyzed in order to meet the study objectives. This study is the first of its kind in a Spanish reference population of this age range and the first to evaluate whether the consumption of adapted milk formulas and dairy products is associated with healthier dietary patterns and better diet quality and lifestyles in this group.This research was funded by Instituto Puleva de Nutrición (IPN)

Congreso de Estudiantes de Química de la Comunidad Valenciana. Otra forma de aprender es posible

En abril de 2013 se celebró en la Universidad de Alicante el I Congreso de Estudiantes de Química de la Comunidad Valenciana. Estas jornadas presentan como principal novedad que la totalidad del comité organizador está compuesto por estudiantes de Química (cinco de la Universidad de Alicante y dos de la Universidad de Valencia) apoyados por un comité científico formado por profesores de ambas universidades. Estos estudiantes habían participado en años anteriores en redes de innovación docente o proyectos similares, mostrando interés por proponer alternativas a las clases magistrales para la adquisición de competencias, tanto de tipo transversal como específicas de la titulación. El congreso se enfocó teniendo en cuenta tres puntos básicos que son de especial interés para estudiantes de Química: (i) Salidas profesionales; (ii) Búsqueda activa de empleo y como enfrentarse a una entrevista de trabajo; (iii) Estudios de postgrado. Además, los más de 100 estudiantes que participaron en las jornadas ya sea mediante una comunicación oral, un póster o una actividad de divulgación científica se mostraron muy satisfechos con la experiencia. Actividades de este tipo y su gran acogida son capaces de mostrarnos, tanto a estudiantes como profesores, que existen formas de aprendizaje fuera de las aulas que permiten la adquisición de competencias transversales y específicas

Usual Dietary Intake, Nutritional Adequacy and Food Sources of Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium and Vitamin D of Spanish Children Aged One to <10 Years. Findings from the EsNuPI Study

Bone problems in the population begin to be establish in childhood. The present study aims to assess the usual calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and vitamin D intakes, along with the food sources of these nutrients, in Spanish children participating in the EsNuPI (Estudio Nutricional en Población Infantil Española) study. Two 24 h dietary recalls were applied to 1448 children (1 to <10 years) divided into two sub-samples: one reference sample (RS) of the general population [n = 707] and another sample which exclusively included children consuming enriched or fortified milks, here called “adapted milks” (AMS) [n = 741]. Estimation of the usual intake shows that nutrient intake increased with age for all nutrients except vitamin D. Using as reference the Dietary Reference Values from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), calcium and magnesium intakes were found to be below the average requirement (AR) and adequate intake (AI), respectively, in a considerable percentage of children. Furthermore, phosphorus exceeded the AI in 100% of individuals and vitamin D was lower than the AI in almost all children studied. The results were very similar when considering only plausible reporters. When analyzing the food sources of the nutrients studied, milk and dairy products contributed the most to calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and vitamin D. Other sources of calcium were cereals and vegetables; for phosphorus: meat, meat products, and cereals; for magnesium: cereals and fruits; and, for vitamin D: fish and eggs. These results highlight the desirability of improving the intake concerning these nutrients, which are involved in bone and metabolic health in children. The AMS group appeared to contribute better to the adequacy of those nutrients than the RS group, but both still need further improvement. Of special interest are the results of vitamin D intakes, which were significantly higher in the AMS group (although still below the AI), independent of ageThis research was funded by Instituto Puleva de Nutrición (IPN)S

Clustering of Dietary Patterns and Lifestyles Among Spanish Children in the EsNuPI Study

Dietary patterns (DPs) are known to be tied to lifestyle behaviors. Understanding DPs and their relationships with lifestyle factors can help to prevent children from engaging in unhealthy dietary practices. We aimed to describe DPs in Spanish children aged 1 to <10 years and to examine their associations with sociodemographic and lifestyle variables. The consumption of toddler and young children milk formulas, enriched and fortified milk within the Spanish pediatric population is increasing, and there is a lack of evidence whether the consumption of this type of milk is causing an impact on nutrient intakes and if they are helping to reach the nutrient recommendations. Within the Nutritional Study in the Spanish Pediatric Population (EsNuPI), we considered two study cohorts and three different age groups in three year-intervals in each of them. The study cohort included 740 children in a representative sample of the urban non-vegan Spanish population and 772 children in a convenience cohort of adapted milk consumers (AMS) (including follow-on formula, toddler’s milk, growing up milk, and fortified and enriched milks) who provided information about sociodemographics, lifestyle, and dietary habits; a food frequency questionnaire was used for the latter. Principal component analysis was performed to identify DPs from 18 food groups. Food groups and sociodemographic/lifestyle variables were combined through a hierarchical cluster algorithm. Three DPs predominated in every age group and study sample: a palatable energy-dense food dietary pattern, and two Mediterranean-like DPs. However, children from the AMS showed a predominant dietary pattern markedly related to the Mediterranean diet, with high consumption of cereals, fruits and vegetables, as well as milk and dairy products. The age of children and certain lifestyle factors, namely level of physical activity, parental education, and household income, correlated closely with the dietary clusters. Thus, the findings provide insight into designing lifestyle interventions that could reverse the appearance of unhealthy DPs in the Spanish child populationThis research was funded by Instituto Puleva de Nutrición (IPN)S