El tratamiento de las cuatro emociones básicas a través de la música en Educación Infantil, 4 años

Treball Final de Grau en Mestre o Mestra d'Educació Infantil. Codi: MP1040. Curs: 2014/2015Este trabajo pretende observar cómo afecta la música a nuestras emociones y estados de ánimo, así como también comprobar que cada canción nos transmite un estado emocional diferente. Además, se trabaja también el ritmo de las canciones, que las diferencian unas de otras a la vez que esto las caracteriza para transmitir una emoción u otra. Para llevar a cabo las sesiones planteadas, se ha contado con la colaboración de niños de 4 años. Los participantes son 28 niños del aula de 4 años (las jirafas) del colegio cervantes de Castellón (España), a los cuales se les expondrán las cuatro canciones seleccionadas previamente y se llevarán a cabo diferentes actividades. El aula está compuesta por 14 niños y 14 niñas de seis nacionalidades diferentes. Se trabajan las cuatro emociones básicas, alegría, tristeza, miedo y enfado; a través de cuatro canciones, seleccionadas por una serie de características que las diferencian. Se lleva la puesta en práctica durante cuatro sesiones, una emoción y canción por sesión, en las cuales los alumnos deben identificar la emoción que transmite cada canción y diferenciar unas de otras. A su vez, expresar como se sienten con esa emoción y realizar un pequeño dibujo de la emoción que sienten con cada una de las canciones

Approach to a financing scheme for the general Colombian health social security system

El financiamiento del Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud (SGSSS) es un factor determinante y crítico para garantizar el acceso a la salud de la población en especial de aquella con menores ingresos1. Protección Social generalmente definida como medidas del sector público para reducir la vulnerabilidad de los hogares frente a eventuales caídas de ingresos, a través de un mejor manejo del riesgo. A partir de estos dos elementos se puede definir la Protección Social como una serie de intervenciones públicas para: a) ayudar a las personas, familias y comunidades a manejar mejor el riesgo, b) apoyar a los más pobres en situación crítica. Se observa que en esta definición hay dos componentes. El primero, que busca un mejor manejo del riesgo, corresponde al concepto de aseguramiento. El segundo, que procura prestar ayuda a los más pobres, se refiere a una intervención de carácter asistencial 2, 14. La reciente experiencia en el este asiático ha demostrado que las altas tasas de crecimiento económico durante varias décadas pueden reducir la pobreza en forma impresionante. Sin embargo, la reciente crisis financiera también demostró que si no se cuenta con medidas de protección de ingresos y programas de redes de protección social adecuados, los individuos son muy vulnerables cuando el PIB cae de manera drástica, los sueldos disminuyen y/o aumenta el desempleoUniversidad CESEspecializaciónThe financing of the General System of Social Security in Health (SGSSS) is a determining and critical factor to guarantee access to health for the population, especially those with lower incomes1. Social Protection generally defined as public sector measures to reduce the vulnerability of households to eventual falls in income, through better risk management. Based on these two elements, Social Protection can be defined as a series of public interventions to: a) help individuals, families and communities better manage risk, b) support the poorest in critical situations. It is observed that in this definition there are two components. The first, which seeks better risk management, corresponds to the concept of insurance. The second, which seeks to provide help to the poorest, refers to an assistance intervention 2, 14. Recent experience in East Asia has shown that high rates of economic growth over several decades can dramatically reduce poverty. However, the recent financial crisis also demonstrated that without adequate income protection measures and social safety net programs, individuals are very vulnerable when GDP falls drastically, wages decline and / or income increases. unemploymen

Neural signatures of predictive language processing in Parkinson's disease with and without mild cognitive impairment

Altres ajuts: Fundació la Marató de TV3 (2014/U/477, 20142910)Cognitive deficits are common in Parkinson's disease (PD), with some PD patients meeting criteria for mild cognitive impairment (MCI). An unaddressed question is whether linguistic prediction is preserved in PD. This ability is nowadays deemed crucial for achieving fast and efficient comprehension, and it may be negatively impacted by cognitive deterioration in PD. To fill this gap of knowledge, we used event-related potentials (ERPs) to evaluate mechanisms of linguistic prediction in a sample of PD patients (on dopamine compensation) with and without MCI. To this end, participants read sentence contexts that were predictive or not about a sentence-final word. The final word appeared after one sec, matching or mismatching the prediction. The introduction of the interval allowed to capture neural responses both before and after sentence-final words, reflecting semantic anticipation and semantic processing. PD patients with normal cognition (N = 58) showed ERP responses comparable to those of matched controls. Specifically, in predictive contexts, a slow negative potential developed prior to sentence-final words, reflecting semantic anticipation. Later, expected words elicited reduced N400 responses (compared to unexpected words), indicating facilitated semantic processing. PD patients with MCI (N = 20) showed, in addition, a prolongation of the N400 congruency effect (compared to matched PD patients without MCI), indicating that further cognitive decline impacts semantic processing. Finally, lower verbal fluency scores correlated with prolonged N400 congruency effects and with reduced pre-word differences in all PD patients (N = 78). This relevantly points to a role of deficits in temporal-dependent mechanisms in PD, besides prototypical frontal dysfunction, in altered semantic anticipation and semantic processing during sentence comprehension

Comparative epigenomics in distantly related teleost species identifies conserved cis-regulatory nodes active during the vertebrate phylotypic period

This article is distributed exclusively by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press for the first six months. After six months, it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International).The complex relationship between ontogeny and phylogeny has been the subject of attention and controversy since von Baer's formulations in the 19th century. The classic concept that embryogenesis progresses from clade general features to species-specific characters has often been revisited. It has become accepted that embryos from a clade show maximum morphological similarity at the so-called phylotypic period (i.e., during mid-embryogenesis). According to the hourglass model, body plan conservation would depend on constrained molecular mechanisms operating at this period. More recently, comparative transcriptomic analyses have provided conclusive evidence that such molecular constraints exist. Examining cis-regulatory architecture during the phylotypic period is essential to understand the evolutionary source of body plan stability. Here we compare transcriptomes and key epigenetic marks (H3K4me3 and H3K27ac) from medaka (Oryzias latipes) and zebrafish (Danio rerio), two distantly related teleosts separated by an evolutionary distance of 115-200 Myr. We show that comparison of transcriptome profiles correlates with anatomical similarities and heterochronies observed at the phylotypic stage. Through comparative epigenomics, we uncover a pool of conserved regulatory regions (≈700), which are active during the vertebrate phylotypic period in both species. Moreover, we show that their neighboring genes encode mainly transcription factors with fundamental roles in tissue specification. We postulate that these regulatory regions, active in both teleost genomes, represent key constrained nodes of the gene networks that sustain the vertebrate body plan.The Andalusian government (JA) supported A.F-.M. as scientific manager of the Aquatic Vertebrates Platform at CABD. J.W.C. was supported by a studentship from The Institute of Cancer Research. Spanish and Andalusian government grants BFU2010-14839, CSD2007-00008, and P08-CVI-3488 to J.L.G-.S.; and BFU2011-22916 and P11-CVI-7256 to J.R.M-.M. supported this work.Peer Reviewe

Análisis por epigenómica comparativa de elementos cis-reguladores conservados y activos durante el estado filotípico de vertebrados

Motivación: Determinar qué fase del desarrollo es más resistente a los cambios evolutivos, y por tanto, está más conservada entre los vertebrados ha sido objeto de debate desde hace años. Existen dos propuestas: el modelo del embudo, que propone que la mayor conservación fenotípica se da durante las etapas más tempranas del desarrollo, y el modelo del reloj de arena, que la establece en el estado filotípico, una etapa intermedia. Aunque se ha demostrado que las formulaciones de éste último son ciertas desde el punto de vista morfológico, la controversia persiste a nivel molecular. El propósito de este proyecto es contribuir a resolver este debate mediante un estudio transcriptómico y epigenómico comparativo en peces cebra y medaka, dos especies separadas evolutivamente varios millones de años.Métodos: Se ha realizado un experimento de RNA-seq de embriones de medaka de 48 hpf (horas post-fertilización) para analizar su transcriptoma y compararlo con el de peces cebra de 24 hpf durante la fase filotípica. También se han llevado a cabo experimentos de ChIP-seq para identificar enhancers conservados y activos en ambas especies durante esa etapa del desarrollo (SPARRs). Se han realizado experimentos de transgénesis por inyección en embriones de pez cebra y medaka en estadio de una célula, transformándolos con plásmidos ZED y SED, respectivamente. Estos vectores contienen algunos de los SPARRs identificados, que se han clonado para controlar la expresión específica de tejido de un gen reportero, con el objetivo de averiguar si su patrón de expresión asociado se conserva en ambas especies.Resultados: El análisis trancriptómico comparativo ha determinado un nivel de expresión similar en la mayoría de genes, exceptuando los que son específicos de tejidos que se desarrollan heterocrónicamente, como el músculo y el tejido nervioso. El estudio epigenómico ha permitido identificar unos 700 SPARRs en ambas especies, que en su mayoría controlan el nivel de expresión de factores de transcripción importantes en el desarrollo, y el experimento de transgénesis ha demostrado que el perfil de actividad de los SPARRs examinados está conservado.Conclusiones: La alta similitud morfológica que caracteriza a embriones de distintas especies de vertebrados en el estado filotípico no sólo se debe a una alta conservación de genes específicos de desarrollo, sino a una conservación de toda la estructura genética de regulación subyacente, que permanece activa en dicha etapa

NLRP3 inflammasome activation and symptom burden in KRAS-mutated CMML patients is reverted by IL-1 blocking therapy

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is frequently associated with mutations in the rat sarcoma gene (RAS), leading to worse prognosis. RAS mutations result in active RAS-GTP proteins, favoring myeloid cell proliferation and survival and inducing the NLRP3 inflammasome together with the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), which promote caspase-1 activation and interleukin (IL)-1(3 release. Here, we report, in a cohort of CMML patients with mutations in KRAS, a constitutive activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in monocytes, evidenced by ASC oligomerization and IL-1(3 release, as well as a specific inflammatory cytokine signature. Treatment of a CMML patient with a KRASG12D mutation using the IL-1 receptor blocker anakinra inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation, reduces monocyte count, and improves the patient's clinical status, enabling a stem cell transplant. This reveals a basal inflammasome activation in RAS-mutated CMML patients and suggests potential therapeutic applications of NLRP3 and IL-1 blockers

The Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test in Parkinson's Disease Mild Cognitive Impairment : Discriminative Accuracy and Neural Correlates

Altres ajuts: This work was partially supported by grants from La Marató TV3 (20142910, 2014/U/477); FIS (PI14/02058, PI15/00962); CIBERNED.Introduction: Memory alterations are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients but the mechanisms involved in these deficits remain poorly understood. The study aims to explore the profile of episodic memory deficits in non-demented early PD patients. Methods: We obtained neurological, cognitive and behavioral data from 114 PD patients and 41 healthy controls (HC). PD participants were grouped as normal cognition (PD-NC) and mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) according to the Level II criteria of the Movement Disorders Society Task Force (MDS-TF). We evaluate the performance amongst groups on an episodic memory task using the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT). Additionally, gray matter volume (GMV) voxel based morphometry, and mean diffusivity (MD) analyses were conducted in a subset of patients to explore the structural brain correlates of FCSRT performance. Results: Performance on all subscores of the FCSRT was significantly worse in PD-MCI than in PD-NC and HC. Delayed total recall (DTR) subscore was the best at differentiating PD-NC from PD-MCI. Using crosstabulation, DTR allowed identification of PD-MCI patients with an accuracy of 80%. Delayed free and cued recall was associated with decreased GMV and increased MD in multiple fronto-temporal and parietal areas. Conclusion: Encoding and retrieval deficits are a main characteristic of PD-MCI and are associated with structural damage in temporal, parietal and prefrontal areas

IFNγ Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Risk of Infection and Disease in Household Contacts of Tuberculosis Patients in Colombia

OBJECTIVES: Household contacts (HHCs) of pulmonary tuberculosis patients are at high risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and early disease development. Identification of individuals at risk of tuberculosis disease is a desirable goal for tuberculosis control. Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) using specific M. tuberculosis antigens provide an alternative to tuberculin skin testing (TST) for infection detection. Additionally, the levels of IFNgamma produced in response to these antigens may have prognostic value. We estimated the prevalence of M. tuberculosis infection by IGRA and TST in HHCs and their source population (SP), and assessed whether IFNgamma levels in HHCs correlate with tuberculosis development. METHODS: A cohort of 2060 HHCs was followed for 2-3 years after exposure to a tuberculosis case. Besides TST, IFNgamma responses to mycobacterial antigens: CFP, CFP-10, HspX and Ag85A were assessed in 7-days whole blood cultures and compared to 766 individuals from the SP in Medellín, Colombia. Isoniazid prophylaxis was not offered to child contacts because Colombian tuberculosis regulations consider it only in children under 5 years, TST positive without BCG vaccination. RESULTS: Using TST 65.9% of HHCs and 42.7% subjects from the SP were positive (OR 2.60, p<0.0001). IFNgamma response to CFP-10, a biomarker of M. tuberculosis infection, tested positive in 66.3% HHCs and 24.3% from the SP (OR = 6.07, p<0.0001). Tuberculosis incidence rate was 7.0/1000 person years. Children <5 years accounted for 21.6% of incident cases. No significant difference was found between positive and negative IFNgamma responders to CFP-10 (HR 1.82 95% CI 0.79-4.20 p = 0.16). However, a significant trend for tuberculosis development amongst high HHC IFNgamma producers was observed (trend Log rank p = 0.007). DISCUSSION: CFP-10-induced IFNgamma production is useful to establish tuberculosis infection prevalence amongst HHC and identify those at highest risk of disease. The high tuberculosis incidence amongst children supports administration of chemoprophylaxis to child contacts regardless of BCG vaccination

Predictors of Response to Exclusive Enteral Nutrition in Newly Diagnosed Crohn´s Disease in Children: PRESENCE Study from SEGHNP

Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) has been shown to be more effective than corticosteroids in achieving mucosal healing in children with Crohn´s disease (CD) without the adverse effects of these drugs. The aims of this study were to determine the efficacy of EEN in terms of inducing clinical remission in children newly diagnosed with CD, to describe the predictive factors of response to EEN and the need for treatment with biological agents during the first 12 months of the disease. We conducted an observational retrospective multicentre study that included paediatric patients newly diagnosed with CD between 2014–2016 who underwent EEN. Two hundred and twenty-two patients (140 males) from 35 paediatric centres were included, with a mean age at diagnosis of 11.6 ± 2.5 years. The median EEN duration was 8 weeks (IQR 6.6–8.5), and 184 of the patients (83%) achieved clinical remission (weighted paediatric Crohn’s Disease activity index [wPCDAI] 15 mg/L and ileal involvement tended to respond better to EEN. EEN administered for 6–8 weeks is effective for inducing clinical remission. Due to the high response rate in our series, EEN should be used as the first-line therapy in luminal paediatric Crohn’s disease regardless of the location of disease and disease activityS