Plántulas de Populus alba pretratadas con endófitos muestran una mayor tolerancia a Venturia tremulae

Algunos hongos endófitos parecen modular la respuesta de las plantas ante ataques de ciertos patógenos o insectos. En este trabajo se estudió la implicación de hongos endófitos de Populus alba en la tolerancia al patógeno necrotrofo Venturia tremulae, causante de la muerte de ramillos en especies de la sección Populus, siendo P. alba más tolerante que otras especies de la sección. Se evaluó in vitro el efecto de doce cepas de endófitos enfrentándolas al patógeno con el fin de seleccionar aquellas con mayor potencial de biocontrol. Se seleccionaron diez endófitos que fueron inoculados mediante solución esporal de una mezcla de todos ellos, de forma preventiva sobre plántulas de una savia de P. alba. Transcurridos 15 días, se inoculó al patógeno. Aunque en general los síntomas mostrados por las plantas fueron bajos, la mezcla de endófitos redujo la incidencia y severidad de los síntomas causados por el patógeno. Los resultados sugieren que los endófitos de P. alba limitarían los síntomas causados por el patógeno en este hospedante

Patentes o sumarios de indulgencia : documentos importantes en la vida y en la muerte

1 archivo PDF (28 páginas)En este trabajo se reúnen reliquias bibliográficas que sirven de ejemplo para explicar aspectos y hacer observaciones sobre el funcionamiento de las cofradías en la Nueva España, las cuales se constituyeron para beneficiar a sus agremiados, entre los que propiamente se estableció una hermandad con obligaciones materiales y morales reciprocas. Durante la Colonia los cofrades gozaban de muchas preferencias y consideraciones sociales, pues prácticamente quedaba implícito que eran una especie de contrataciones “entre el santo y el suplicante, mediado por la cofradía. Las cofradías figuraron como uno de los ejes articuladores de la cohesión corporativa de los novohispanos, reproductores de la religión católica más tradicionalista y del control social y moral que ejercía la Iglesia. Tomusquattuo

Linked open data to represent multilingual poetry collections : A proposal to solve interoperability issues between poetic repertoires

This paper describes the creation of a poetic ontology in order to use it as a basis to link different databases and projects working on metrics and poetry. It has been built on the model of the Spanish digital repertoire ReMetCa, but its aim is to be enlarged and improved in order to fit under every poetic system. The conceptual semantic model, written in OWL, includes classes and metadata from standard ontological models related to humanities fields (such as CIDOC or Dublin Core), and adds specific elements and properties to describe poetic phenomena. Its final objective is to interconnect, reuse and locate data disseminated through poetic repertoires, in order to boost interoperability among them.Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET

Anti-angiogenic therapy for ovarian cancer

Angiogenesis is a known hallmark in cancer and plays a crucial role in ovarian cancer carcinogenesis and invasion. Anti- angiogenic agents are active in ovarian cancer treatment either as monotherapy or combined with chemotherapy, immunotherapy or poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. We review the mechanism of action, clinical activity and safety profile of the most important drugs either in the actual treatment or in current evaluation in the ovarian cancer treatment scenario (neoadjuvant, first line and relapse)

Regional government access to market funding : international experience and recent developments

Artículo de revist

Retirement behaviour and retirement incentives in Spain

In this paper we analyse the role that Social Security wealth and incentives play in the transition to retirement in Spain. We use the labour records and other relevant information contained in a newly released database [Muestra Continua de Vidas Laborales (2006)] to construct incentive measures stemming from the Social Security provisions in relation to retiring at old age and investigate the role played by such incentives and by other socio-economic variables on the retirement hazard. We compute the effects of the reform that took place in 2002, which made the requirements to access a pension stricter in general. We carry out a dynamic reduced-form analysis of the retirement decision using a duration model. Our results show that both the pension wealth and substitution effects have a significant role on retirement decisions, but that the latter has less relevance since the reform introduced in 200

Altered calcium signaling in platelets from nitric oxide-deficient hypertensive rats

BACKGROUND: In the present study we have analyzed the mechanisms of calcium entry and mobilization in platelets obtained from rats chronically treated with the nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor, N-nitro L-arginine methyl ester [L-NAME, 40 mg/kg/day, 5 days). The platelets were obtained the day of the experiment, washed and loaded with fura-2. The intracellular calcium levels were determined in suspension of cells by means of fluorescence spectroscopy. RESULTS: Basal calcium levels were always elevated in the platelets of the L-NAME-treated rats, both in the presence and in the absence of extracellular calcium. The administration of thrombin in the absence and in the presence of extracellular calcium induced important elevations in calcium levels that were always of greater magnitude in the platelets of the L-NAME-treated rats than in those of the controls. The addition of calcium to thapsigargin-treated platelets produced a massive elevation in calcium levels in both groups that was significantly greater in the platelets obtained from the hypertensive rats than in those of the controls. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the arterial hypertension induced by the reduction of nitric oxide alters the regulation of platelet calcium levels so that elevated baseline levels and calcium entry and mobilization are enhanced. This could be the result of direct or indirect effects of the lack of nitric oxide synthesis in platelets or in other tissues

Ethical considerations in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity in the elderly. The prevalence of ACS increases with age and patients with advanced age have some co-morbidities that require an individualized approach, which includes a comprehensive geriatric assessment. Ageism is a matter of great concern. In this scenario, some ethical conflicts may arise which should be anticipated, considered, and solved. Clinicians will need to prioritize and allocate resources, to avoid futility/proportionality, which is not always easy to assess in these patients. This review aims to summarize the evidence regarding ethical conflicts that may arise in the management of patients with ACS and advanced age. We will discuss how to choose the best option (which frequently is not the only one) with the lowest risk for harm, considering and respecting the patients' decision. The four basic principles of bioethics (beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and justice) are thoroughly reviewed, and discussed, regarding their role in the decision making process

Una propuesta de integración del sistema de formularios de bases de datos MYSQL con etiquetado TEI: ReMetCa, Repertorio digital de la métrica medieval castellana

ReMetCa, Repertorio Métrico Digital de la Poesía Medieval Castellana (Digital Repertoire on the Metrics of the Medieval Castilian Poetry) is an online, open access metrical repertoire on Medieval Castilian poetry. ReMetCa is a born digital project that gathers poetic testimonies from the 12th century (epics, ballads, cuadernavia, etc.) up to the rich and varied poetic manifestations of the 15th-16th century Castilian Cancioneros. Although metrical studies on Spanish Medieval poetry have been developing fast over the past few years, researchers have not yet created a digital tool to undertake complex searches on the Castilian corpus as it has already been done with other medieval lyrical traditions in Romance languages, such as the Galician-Portuguese (MedDB), French (BedTrouveres, Nouveau Naetebus), Occitan (BedT), or the Medieval poetry in Latin (Pedecerto), just to name a few of them. The project is based on the integration of traditional metrical and poetic studies (rhythm, rhyme patterns, etc.) with Digital Humanities, the tagging systems TEI-XML, and the creation of a database to undertake online simultaneous searches by means of a simple interface created through MySQL. We will explain here our final decision in relation to our database, a hybrid model (relational and XML) that covers our needs when working with our poems. The possibility of adding TEI code (especially its module verse) helped us to work on free complex searches through our schemes (without considering poems or strophes as a whole), and to retrieve the poetic texts related to those metrical or rhymatic schemes.ReMetCa, Repertorio Métrico Digital de la Poesía Medieval Castellana, es el primer repertorio métrico online y de libre acceso para la poesía medieval castellana. ReMetCa es un proyecto métrico born digital que abarca los testimonios poéticos existentes en nuestra lengua desde sus primeras manifestaciones a finales del siglo XII (épica, cuaderna vía, etc.) hasta la riqueza y variedad de formas métricas presentes en la poesía cancioneril de los siglos XV y XVI. A pesar de que los estudios sobre métrica y poesía medieval han merecido cierto interés en los últimas décadas, carecemos de una herramienta de tipo práctico que permita realizar trabajos comparativos, tal y como lo hacen los repertorios métricos digitales de otros corpora poéticos como el gallego-portugués medieval (MedDB2), francés medieval (Nouveau Naetebus), occitano medieval (BedT), o mediolatino (Pedecerto), por nombrar unos pocos. El proyecto está basado en la integración de los conocimientos métricos tradicionales de nuestra poesía (esquemas rítmicos y rimáticos, etc.) con los estándares tecnológicos que se aplican hoy al campo de las Humanidades Digitales: los sistemas de etiquetado TEI-XML combinados con un sistema de formularios MySQL que permiten realizar búsquedas simultáneas online mediante una sencilla interfaz de consulta. Explicaremos la evolución que nos hizo decantarnos por esta opción mixta al no resultar suficiente el sistema de tablas relacionales para cubrir la heterogeneidad formal de nuestro sistema poético. La posibilidad de añadir etiquetado TEI (y especialmente su módulo verse) sobre el texto nos permite, en primer lugar, poder realizar búsquedas mucho más libres a través de los esquemas métricos (sin tener que considerar como unidades cerradas los poemas o las estrofas), así como recuperar los ejemplos textuales vinculados a cada uno de los esquemas métricos o rimáticos, etc