Genetic resources and product diversification in a transitioning coffee agroecosystem in Mecayapan, Veracruz, Mexico

Objective: To analyze a coffee agroecosystem in agroecological transition, as an alternative for the use and conservation of resources. For this, an agroecological design was carried out associated with three legumes and one cucurbit in coffee cultivation. Design/methodology/approach: Collection and identification of genetic resources present in the agroecosystem, agroecological design associated with three legumes and one cucurbit in coffee cultivation; zig-zag soil sampling for physical, chemical, and biological analyses, data analysis using JASP version 0.16.2. Results: Identification of 42 species of weeds with various uses, as well as the criteria for association of species according to use, the soil analyzes showed that there is a significant connection between micronutrients and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, the variable Boron has influence in the development of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Limitations on study/implications: The results are applicable to the agroecological model in transition that is presented. Findings/conclusions: Coffee agroecosystems in agroecological transition are slow processes, but they contribute to improving soil conditions. They allow the reappearance of weed species with some use. There is a significant correlation between Boron and the development of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, likewise the physical properties have a direct relationship with their development. Keywords: agroecology, transition, agroecosystemObjective: To analyze a coffee agroecosystem undergoing an agroecological transition —considered as an alternative for the efficient use and the conservation of resources— through an agroecological association design with three legumes and one cucurbit in coffee cultivation. Design/Methodology/Approach: Collection and identification of genetic resources found in the agroecosystem; agroecological association design with three legumes and one cucurbit in a coffee crop; zig-zag soil sampling for physical, chemical, and biological analyses; data analysis using JASP software version 0.16.2. Results: We identified 42 weed species with various uses within the coffee agroecosystem, as well as the criteria for the association of species according to use. The soil analysis showed a significant correlation between micronutrients and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The boron variable also influences the growth of such bacteria. Study Limitations/Implications: The results apply to the agroecological model in transition presented. Findings/Conclusions: Agroecological transition in coffee agroecosystems is slow but contributes to improving soil conditions. It also allows for the reappearance of usable weed species. There is a significant correlation between boron and the development of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Likewise, the physical properties of soil have a direct impact on the growth of such bacteri

Earliest Porotic Hyperostosis on a 1.5-Million-year-old Hominin, olduvai gorge, Tanzania.

Meat-eating was an important factor affecting early hominin brain expansion, social organization and geographic movement. Stone tool butchery marks on ungulate fossils in several African archaeological assemblages demonstrate a significant level of carnivory by Pleistocene hominins, but the discovery at Olduvai Gorge of a child's pathological cranial fragments indicates that some hominins probably experienced scarcity of animal foods during various stages of their life histories. The child's parietal fragments, excavated from 1.5-million-year-old sediments, show porotic hyperostosis, a pathology associated with anemia. Nutritional deficiencies, including anemia, are most common at weaning, when children lose passive immunity received through their mothers' milk. Our results suggest, alternatively, that (1) the developmentally disruptive potential of weaning reached far beyond sedentary Holocene food-producing societies and into the early Pleistocene, or that (2) a hominin mother's meat-deficient diet negatively altered the nutritional content of her breast milk to the extent that her nursing child ultimately died from malnourishment. Either way, this discovery highlights that by at least 1.5 million years ago early human physiology was already adapted to a diet that included the regular consumption of meat

Análisis comparado en materia de obligaciones entre el derecho romano y el derecho moderno

This paper presents a study of ancient and modern concepts of “obligation,” with special reference to Roman law, as well as sources and classifications of the same. Likewise, the influence of Roman law on the Venezuelan Civil Code is analyzed in matters regarding obligations. In this sense, the Roman definition has predominated in modern law; even today it can be affirmed that it has remained unharmed within its fundamental concepts. The method used is descriptive and documentary. Conclusions are that definitions of obligations in modern law are limited to reproducing the Roman-inspired principles and that our Civil Code received a strong influence from the Franco-Italian Project of Obligations, in which the concepts and effects of certain figures that produced obligations were developed.Se realiza un estudio dogmático de los conceptos antiguo y moderno de la "obligación", con especial referencia al Derecho romano, así como a las fuentes y clasificación de las mismas. Del mismo modo, se analiza la influencia del derecho romano en el Código civil venezolano, en materia de obligaciones. En este sentido, la definición romana ha predominado en el Derecho Moderno, incluso en la actualidad se puede afirmar que ha permanecido incólume dentro sus concepciones fundamentales. El método utilizado es el descriptivo y documental. Se concluye que las definiciones de las obligaciones en el Derecho Moderno se limitan a reproducir los principios inspiradores romanos y que nuestro Código civil recibió una fuerte influencia del Proyecto Franco-Italiano de las Obligaciones, en el cual se desarrolló el concepto y los efectos de determinadas figuras productoras de obligacione

SDSS-IV MaNGA : the MaNGA dwarf galaxy sample presentation

M.C.D. acknowledges support from CONACYT "Ciencia de Frontera" grant 320199. M.C.D. and H.M.H.T. acknowledge support from UC MEXUS-CONACYT grant CN-17-128. A.R.P. acknowledges support from the CONACyT "Ciencia Basica" grant 285721. E.A.O. acknowledges support from the SECTEI (Secretaría de Educación, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación de la Ciudad de México) under the Postdoctoral Fellowship SECTEI/170/2021 and CM-SECTEI/303/2021. Funding for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, and the Participating Institutions.We present the MaNGA Dwarf galaxy (MaNDala) Value Added Catalog (VAC), from the final release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-IV program. MaNDala consists of 136 randomly selected bright dwarf galaxies with M* −18.5, making it the largest integral field spectroscopy homogeneous sample of dwarf galaxies. We release a photometric analysis of the g, r, and z broadband imaging based on the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys, as well as a spectroscopic analysis based on the Pipe3D SDSS-IV VAC. Our release includes the surface brightness (SB), geometric parameters, and color profiles, Sérsic fits as well as stellar population properties (such as stellar ages, metallicities, and star formation histories), and emission lines' fluxes within the FOV and the effective radii of the galaxies. We find that the majority of the MaNDala galaxies are star-forming late-type galaxies with 〈nSersic,r〉∼1.6 that are centrals (central/satellite dichotomy). MaNDala covers a large range of SB values (we find 11 candidate ultra-diffuse galaxies and three compact ones), filling the gap between classical dwarfs and low-mass galaxies in the Kormendy Diagram and in the size–mass/luminosity relation, which seems to flatten at 108 2, while the last 20% was at 〈z〉 < 0.3. Finally, a bending of the sSFR-M * relation at M* ∼ 109 M⊙ for the main-sequence galaxies seems to be supported by MaNDala.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Show Different Frequencies in Diabetics and Subjects with Arterial Hypertension

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is strongly associated with other comorbidities such as obesity, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. Obesity is associated with sustained low-grade inflammatory response due to the production of proinflammatory cytokines. This inflammatory process promotes the differentiation of some myeloid cells, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). In this study, two groups of individuals were included: DM2 patients and non-DM2 individuals with similar characteristics. Immunolabeling of CD15+ CD14- and CD33+ HLA-DR-/low was performed from whole peripheral blood, and samples were analyzed by flow cytometry, and frequencies of MDSCs and the relationship of these with clinical variables, cytokine profile (measured by cytometric bead array), and anthropometric variables were analyzed. The frequency of CD33+ HLA-DR-/low MDSCs (that produce IL-10 and TGF-β, according to an intracellular detection) is higher in patients with DM2 (P < 0:05), and there is a positive correlation between the frequency of CD15+ CD14- and CD33+ HLA-DR-/low MDSC phenotypes. DM2 patients have an increased concentration of serum IL-5 (P < 0:05). Also, a negative correlation between the frequency of CD15+CD14- MDSCs and LDL cholesterol was found. Our group of DM2 patients have an increased frequency of mononuclear MDSC CD33+ HLA-DR-/low that produce TGF-β and IL-10. These cytokines have been associated with immune modulation and reduced T cell responses. DM2 and non-DM2 subjects show a similar cytokine profile, but the DM2 patients have anincreased concentration of IL-5

Community projects based on Art & Health: A collaboration between the Faculty of Fine Arts at the Complutense University of Madrid and Madrid city council's Madrid Salud Service

In 2011 the Faculty of Fine Arts at the Complutense University of Madrid, and Madrid City Council's Health Promotion and Prevention Service (Madrid Salud Service) signed a collaboration agreement for developing joint projects and activities. This mutual collaboration agreement has generated an extremely active working network, in which university students supported by health service professionals plus Faculty academics and researchers have designed, and developed, community projects based on art and health with a number of groups (children, adolescents, women at risk, people with diversity, etc.). Across all these projects, both artistic creativity and art education have worked as mediators to offer significant experiences in promoting health. These arts programs (painting, drawing, photography, textiles, dialogues, and art appreciation) have been designed and developed by students for these communities and groups. These community projects based on art and health emphasise the capacity for commitment and collaboration of the groups and communities involved. Students and participants create together and in an atmosphere of trust, with awareness of their abilities and of the importance of art as a tool for changing their realities, in other words, as a tool for social transformation

Associations of dietary energy density with body composition and cardiometabolic risk in children with overweight and obesity: role of energy density calculations, under-reporting energy intake and physical activity

This study examined (1) the association of dietary energy density from solid (EDS) and solid plus liquids (EDSL) with adiposity and cardiometabolic risk factors (CRF) in children with overweight and obesity, (2) the effect of under-reporting on the mentioned associations and (3) whether the association between ED and body composition and CRF is influenced by levels of physical activity. In a cross-sectional design, 208 overweight and obese children (8-12-year-old; 111 boys) completed two non-consecutive 24 h recalls. ED was calculated using two different approaches: EDS and EDSL. Under-reporters were determined with the Goldberg method. Body composition, anthropometry and fasting blood sample measurements were performed. Moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was registered with accelerometers (7-d-register). Linear regressions were performed to evaluate the association of ED with the previously mentioned variables. Neither EDS nor EDSL were associated with body composition or CRF. However, when under-reporters were excluded, EDS was positively associated with BMI (P=0 019), body fat percentage (P=0 005), abdominal fat (P=0 008) and fat mass index (P=0 018), while EDSL was positively associated with body fat percentage (P=0 008) and fat mass index (P=0 026). When stratifying the group according to physical activity recommendations, the aforementioned associations were only maintained for non-compliers. Cluster analysis showed that the low-ED and high-MVPA group presented the healthiest profile for all adiposity and CRF. These findings could partly explain inconsistencies in literature, as we found that different ED calculations entail distinct results. Physical activity levels and excluding under-reporters greatly influence the associations between ED and adiposity in children with overweight and obesity.The research leading to these results has received funding from la Caixa Foundation and Triptolemos Foundation, the Ministry of Health (FIS PI081297), the Research Network on Preventative Activities and Health Promotion (RD06/0018/ 0038), the Henning and Johan Throne-Holst Foundation (F. B. O.), the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (FPU14/03329 to M. M.), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (DEP2013-47540 and DEP2016-78377-R; BES-2014-068829 to C. C.-S.), Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria del Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI13/01335), Fondos Estructurales de la Union Europea (FEDER), Una manera de hacer Europa, the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RYC-2011-09011 to F. B. O.), the University of Granada, Plan Propio de Investigacion 2016, Excellence Actions: Units of Excellence, Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES), Programa de Captacion de Talento - UGR Fellows (L. G.-M.), the SAMID III network, RETICS (PN I +D+ I 2017-2021). This study has been partially funded by the University of Granada, Plan Propio de Investigacion 2016, Excellence actions: Units of Excellence; Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES), and by the Junta de Andalucia, Consejeria de Conocimiento, Investigacion y Universidades and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), reference SOMM17/6107/UGR. ISCIII-Sub-Directorate General for Research Assessment and Promotion, the European Regional Development Fund (RD16/ 0022), the EXERNET Research Network on Exercise and Health in Special Populations (DEP2005-00046/ACTI), and the University of the Basque Country (GIU14/21). J. M.-G. is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (FPU14/06837). J. H. M. is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (FPU15/02645)