ANÁLISIS DE LAS EXPORTACIONES DE PERECEDEROS EN LOS PUERTOS MEXICANOS

Los puertos mexicanos han retomado importancia en la dinámica económica de México luego de un proceso de nueva industrialización en diversas regiones como el bajío; consolidada por el sector automotriz. Luego de los conflictos previos a la renegociación del tratado comercial de México, Estados Unidos y Canadá las diversas industrias han diversificado sus mercados comerciales. La industria de perecederos no son una excepción ya que los envíos marítimos de aguacate provenientes principalmente de Michoacán y Jalisco han comenzado a tomar fuerza en Europa, aunque principalmente Asia teniendo como principal puerto de origen Manzanillo y Lázaro Cárdenas en el Pacífico. Por el Atlántico los principales puertos de Origen son Altamira, Veracruz y Progreso. Las estadísticas oficiales de exportaciones marítimas no distinguen entre tipos de carga entre secos, frescos y congelados. Las empresas navieras también han apostado en mejorar y expandir sus servicios en este resurgimiento de algunos de los productos perecederos mexicanos. El mango, la banana, cítricos, berries, tomate, lácteos, carne entre otros son algunos de los principales productos; junto al aguacate, que han invadido los centros comerciales en ciudades como Amsterdam, Seúl, Tokio, Barcelona, Dubai, etc. Se considera importante analizar las exportaciones de perecederos a destinos intercontinentales vía marítima ya que nuevos mercados; por lo menos para los perecederos van surgiendo aprovechando el importante número de tratados comerciales de México con otros países diferentes al principal aliado comercial: Estados Unidos

Incidencia del ingreso personal en las preferencias electorales en Aguascalientes proyección 2021

En el año 2015 se presentó un modelo en el foro de pregrado “Salvador Rodríguez y Rodríguez” llamado Incidencia del ingreso personal en las preferencias electorales, el caso de Aguascalientes. Elecciones federales 2015 se obtuvo una ecuación luego de una regresión de variables dicotómicas las cuales explicaban el ingreso mensual de los votantes dependiendo de su nivel de estudios, distrito federal de residencia, así como la preferencia electoral. En una actualización del modelo se encontraron algunas variables nuevas que son significativas en 2020. Ante la elección local y federal de 2021 en que Aguascalientes renovará el congreso del estado, y las alcaldías se optó por fragmentar los distritos federales en distritos locales para obtener una dimensión más compleja y al mismo tiempo de mayor relevancia para el proceso local, teniendo también un resultado cercano a los resultados de la elección federal. Cuando se levantaron los cuestionarios aún no se emitían las resoluciones de fundación a los nuevos partidos políticos por los que únicamente se contemplan a los partidos políticos con registro federal vigente y con posibilidad de participar en la elección de 2021. En cuanto a los distritos federales, esta actualización no se contempla esa misma variable, para profundizar en el análisis se toma como variable al distrito local del votante que a su vez este pertenece a un distrito federal, por lo que se puede hacer la reconstrucción de la variable federal. El distrito local con el mayor ingreso es el distrito local 06 perteneciente al distrito federal 03, mientras que el distrito local de menor percepción es el 16 que pertenece al distrito federal 02 Las variables que se integran a este modelo, para determinar la correlación con el ingreso salarial para 2021 en Aguascalientes, son la edad en rangos quinquenales desde los 18 años y el género con el que se identifica en encuestado. Otra variable que sigue siendo significativa para el modelo es el nivel de estudio; a mayores años de estudio, mayor ingreso personal

The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients

Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

CIBERER : Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

Altres ajuts: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p < 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

El castillo de Consuegra y su alfoz

Resumen basado en el del proyecto. Premiado en la convocatoria: Premios para proyectos de innovación concluidos durante el curso 2007-2008, en los centros educativos no universitarios sostenidos con fondos públicos de la Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla-La Mancha (Orden 12-12-2008, de la Consejería de Educación y Ciencia de la Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha. Resolución de 5-5-2009, de la Viceconsejería de Educación)El proyecto pretende favorecer líneas de innovación educativa que logren implicar al alumnado y profesorado en el conocimiento de su entorno, el desarrollo de valores, la mejora de los procedimientos, el desarrollo de la competencia lingüística y el uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. Se da a conocer toda una comarca, el antiguo 'Campo de San Juan', que incluía un vasto territorio controlado por la Orden de San Juan de Jerusalén desde el s. XII, con sede en el castillo de Consuegra, y revalorizar los aspectos básicos del Patrimonio Natural y Cultural de la comarca. Otros objetivos que se persiguen son: comprender y expresar con corrección las conclusiones de la investigación, animando a la lectura como fuente de conocimiento y divertimento; utilizar el conocimiento matemático para identificar los problemas en diversos campos de conocimiento y de la experiencia, para su resolución y para la toma de decisiones; adquirir destrezas y habilidades a partir de conocimientos teóricos; recopilar una memoria fotográfica relacionada con el estudio; respetar la creación musical, identificando y analizando los mensajes que contiene el lenguaje de las distintas manifestaciones musicales (cantigas y folklore popular); utilizar la práctica del deporte para favorecer el desarrollo en lo personal y social, junto a la adquisición de hábitos saludables; utilizar la competencia comunicativa para comprender y expresarse en otros idiomas; confeccionar un proyecto empresarial para la explotación económica del castillo; utilizar los recursos naturales de forma eficaz, respetando el desarrollo sostenible; afianzar el sentido del trabajo en equipo y valorar las perspectivas, experiencias y formas de pensar de los demás, potenciando las relaciones dentro y fuera del contexto educativo como mecanismo de enriquecimiento personal.Castilla La ManchaConsejería de Educación, Ciencia y Cultura. Viceconsejería de Educación y Cultura. Servicio de Documentación; Bulevar del Río Alberche, s. n. - 1 Planta; 45071 Toledo; Tel. +34925286045; Fax +34925247410; [email protected]