Ephemeral Materiality: Biographical Approach to Medieval Wooden Crafts from Hoyo de los Herreros Cave (Cantabria, Spain)

The wooden assemblage recovered from Hoyo de los Herreros cave (Reocín, Cantabria, Spain) in northern Iberia has provided an exceptional opportunity to enlarge our knowledge about perishable material culture from a unique medieval context. This case study enhances the information related to ephemeral material culture associated with the occupation of caves during the Middle Ages in northern Iberia, and the role played by wooden crafts in relation to activities performed within these dark and subterrain areas. All the wooden objects have been systematically studied and dated, combining wood analysis and morpho-technological study with the examination of entomological remains recovered from one of the objects which was in an advanced state of decay. The three bowls and a pointed twig recovered inside the cave were probably related to two different episodes of use, the first dated between 9th to 11th centuries CE, and the second between 11th and 12th centuries CE. It was possible to identify different stages of their chaîne-opératoires and the analysis of different aspects of their lifecycle, in tandem with the study of medieval wood crafting, specifically lathe-turning.MMS was funded by a RETOS call mod. JIN “Born to be wild. Crafting wild plants resources during Iron Age in the North of Iberia (B-WILD)” (PID2019-105302RJ-I00) and a Beatriz Galindo program as Junior Distinguished Researcher (BG20/00076) leading the project “WILDCrafting wild plants resources during Bronze and Iron Age in the North of Iberia”. The radiocarbon dating has been funded in the framework of the project “MATERIAL-Materiality and Material Culture: Wood and Other Plant-based Materials in Archaeological Contexts” of the Post-Doc Grant Plan I2C mod. B (ED481D 2017/16) and by the grant “Ayudas para la aplicaci´on de metodologías y técnicas de las ciencias experimentales/analiticas en arqueo-paleontología” funded by Fundación PALARQ

Shaping wood: woodworking during the Iron Age and Roman period in the northwest of the Iberian peninsula

This article discusses several timber structures, wooden objects and manufacturing waste recovered from settlements and specialized production sites during the Iron Age and the Roman period in northwest Iberia. These archaeobotanical remains were preserved directly by carbonization, waterlogging and occasionally mineralization, as well as indirectly by impressions on clay. The study of these artifacts and structures allows us to characterize forestry practice, technical process of woodworking (sequence of actions, techniques and gestures), household equipment and architectureS

A xestión do bosque e do monte dende a Idade do Ferro á época romana no noroeste da península Ibérica: consumo de combustibles e produción de manufacturas en madeira

Esta Tese de Doutoramento tivo como obxectivo principal coñecer as estratexias organizativas que conforman a xestión do bosque e do monte a partir do tipo de aprovisionamento dos recursos leñosos durante a Idade do Ferro e a época romana no noroeste peninsular. Foron estudados conxuntos arqueobotánicos procedentes de 22 xacementos arqueoloxicos. Os resultados obtidos permitiron observar cómo existe unha estreita relación entre as estratexias económicas destas comunidades e os cambios nos patróns de aprovisionamento de combustibles: preferencia por madeira de árbores ou arbustos, territorios explotados, etc. Tamén puidemos identificar diversos aspectos relacionados coa elaboración de manufacturas en madeira: selección de especies, técnicas, ferramentas, etc

Woodfuel and the woodworking during the Iron Age: charcoal analysis data from Castrolandín (Cuntis, Pontevedra)

O estudo antracolóxico do xacemento de Castrolandín (Cuntis, Pontevedra) ofrece información sobre o consumo de especies leñosas como combustibles e para a elaboración de manufacturas nun xacemento castrexo de interior cunha cronoloxía que vai do s. II ANE ata finais do s.I da nosa eraThe charcoal analysis of the settlement of Castrolandin (Cuntis, Pontevedra) offers information about the tree species management for fuelwood and for woodworking in an Iron Age hillfort from s. II BC to s. I ACS

Wooden material culture and long-term historical processes in Heping Dao (Keelung, Taiwan)

Despite being a perishable material, wood can nonetheless show in its full complexity the materiality of daily life activities, identity construction, economic exploitation, and adaptation in colonial processes. The study of two sets of wood samples in well-defined archaeological colonial contexts from the site of Heping Dao, on the northern coast of Taiwan, has unveiled otherwise unknown aspects of native exchange, adoption of indigenous practices, and differences and similarities between early European colonialism and Japanese imperialism in Asia- Pacific. Despite the constraints of taxonomic identification in subtropical (and tropical) areas, the use of different coniferous wood types has been recorded: Cupressaceae, cf. Chamaecyparis spp., cf. Cryptomeria japonica and cf. Cunninghamia spp. The paper highlights the close relationship between wooden objects and diachronic historical processes and stresses the complexity of their study in colonial contexts, with implications toward the prehistoric period.Initial funding for this research under direction of MCB and ChT came from the Formosa Program 2010 between the National Science Council of Taiwan and the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). MCB obtained further funding from the Spanish Ministry of Culture in its program Excavaciones Arqueol´ogicas en el Exterior in 2011, 2012, 2019; the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness Acciones Complementarias program (HAR2011-16017-E); ; the University of Konstanz through its Anschubsfinanzierung-EU call, and the EU FP7 Marie Curie Zukunftskolleg Incoming Fellowship Programme, University of Konstanz (grant no. 291784); the Fundaci´on Palarq 2019; the Chiang Ching Kuo Foundation 2013–2016. She is currently funded by the program STAR2-Santander Universidades and Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports, in the frame of the Program Campus de Excelencia Internacional, call CEI 2015 of the project Cantabria Campus Internacional. ChT was funded by the Institute of History and Philology of the Academia Sinica. MMS was funded by a Post-Doc Grant Plan I2C mod. B with the project “MATERIAL-Materiality and Material Culture: Wood and Other Plant-based Materials in Archaeological Contexts” (2017–2019) and by the JIN project “Born to be wild. Crafting wild plants resources during Iron Age in the North of Iberia (B-WILD)” (PID2019-105302RJ-I00). She is currently funded by a Beatriz Galindo program as Junior Distinguished Researcher (BG20/00076) leading the project “WILD-Crafting wild plants resources during Bronze and Iron Age in the North of Iberia”. We thank Prof. Dr Chen Huei Fen (National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan) for her support in the dating of sample LAB-002. Dr Hung Kuang-chi (NTU, Taipei) provided his research on Japanese wood exploitation and references on cypress. Dr Fang Chenchen provided further information and analysis on xiaolang and Yu Yonghe. The authors are grateful to Clíodhna Ní Lion´ain for reviewing the English version of the text and to C´eline Kerfant for providing information about plant uses in Taiwan

Ad comburendum. Firewood use in the Pambre Castle. Palas de Rei, Lugo during the 15th-17th centuries AD

Se presentan los resultados del análisis antracológico, así como los datos dendrológicos y tafonómicos de varias muestras de carbón. Estas fueron recuperadas durante la intervención arqueológica desarrollada en el Castillo de Pambre (Palas de Rei, Lugo) en el año 2014, en relación con las tareas de rehabilitación del conjunto de edificaciones del castillo. Los datos obtenidos nos permiten definir el uso como combustible de los recursos leñosos que realizaron los ocupantes del castillo durante los siglos XV-XVII. Se documenta un predominio de la madera de roble (Quercus sp. caducifolio), seguida del avellano (Corylus avellana) junto con una gran diversidad de taxones, especialmente de árboles frutales, mientras que los taxones de matorral son poco significativos en el conjunto. Esto a pesar de coincidir con un período frío, la Pequeña Edad del Hielo, y de la importante deforestación registrada tanto en los datos paleoambientales como en la documentación.This paper presents the results of charcoal analysis as well as dendrological and taphonomical attributes of charcoal samples. These were recovered during the archaeological survey in the Pambre Castle (Palas de Rei, Lugo) during 2014 and in relation to the rehabilitation activities in the group of buildings of the castle. The data obtained let us to define the use as firewood of wood resources performed by the inhabitants of the castle between 15th to 17th centuries AD. A predominance of oak (deciduous Quercus), followed by hazel wood (Corylus avellana) has been attested, besides a great taxa diversity, predominantly fruit trees whilst scrubland taxa are not significant in the assemblage. This even though it coincided with a cold period, the Little Ice Age, and the major deforestation registered in the paleoenvironmental proxies as well as in the written sources

Pain assessment and management in the newborn: a systematized review

[Abstract] Background: Neonatal pain has been underdiagnosed due to several false beliefs. Aim: To determine the status of neonatal pain in newborns who are admitted to intensive care units. Methods: Different databases were searched. Literature reviews and research reports conducted in newborns that were written in English, Spanish, or Portuguese, published between 2010 and 2020, and having free access to the full text were selected. A total of 135 articles were found, and 18 articles were finally reviewed. Results: Newborns are exposed to numerous painful procedures. In order to assess their pain levels, several scales have been used, although they are sometimes not correctly interpreted. In terms of pain management, the nursing team plays a very important role based mainly on both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. Conclusion: Nursing staff members must be well trained in order to identify pain and to interpret the scales correctly. Besides, they have an important role in performing non-pharmacological procedures for pain management

Sexual Dysfunction in Ostomized Patients: A Systematized Review

[Abstract] The impact of an ostomy has a negative influence on sexuality. Healthcare professionals focus the care on surgery, and consider the sexual life is little relevant to the patient recovery. The aim of this systematized review is to give visibility to the sexual problems that ostomy patients have, to know what kind of sexual dysfunction occurs in this patients, to give information to the nursing staff about sexual disturbances and to recommend some resources to restart sexual activity. The research was conducted following de PRISMA guidelines and performed in several databases. Twelve papers were used to perform the systematized review. After ostomy, sexual dysfunction is different in men and women. It is related by the psychological aspects (low self-esteem, body image deterioration, etc.), the physical aspects (type of resection, complications, etc.) and the acceptance by the partner. A personalized sexual education focused on sexual problems that appear in ostomy patients is necessary to implement. In this way, adequate support, information and resources before and after surgery could be given for both, patients and their partners

Psycho-emotional distress in children and adolescents in relation to COVID-19 confinement and pandemic: a systematized review

Review[Abstract] A stressor such as a pandemic is a trigger to focus on the study of the psycho-emotional impact on children and adolescents from a nursing care perspective. The aim of this systematized review was to know the impact of the lockdown and COVID-19 pandemic on children (from 2 to 12 years) and adolescent (from 13 to 18 years) in relation to daily routines, as well as the most frequent psycho-emotional manifestations. The research was carried out following PRISMA guidelines and was performed using several databases (PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane). The search was focused on children and adolescent population between 2020 and 2021.The literature search was from November to December 2021. Sixteen articles were used to perform the systematized review. A disruption in daily routines and an increase in psycho-emotional manifestations have been observed in young people, which is understood as a worsening of their psycho-emotional integrity. Higher levels of anxiety and depression in adolescents and hyperactivity and dependence disorders in the children have also been reported. In conclusion, children and adolescents have been affected in the psycho-emotional sphere in the same way as adults, therefore, it is necessary to know the presenting characteristics of this group of people in order to be able to establish an effective nursing approach and help preserve the mental integrity, as well as promote resilience

Firewood and timber exploitation during the third and second millennia BC in Northwestern Iberia: wood resources, territories and chaîne opératoire

Human societies established productive strategies in order to obtain the material resources needed for their day‐to‐day life, including firewood and timber. These strategies were determined by the environmental supply, and also by the cultural characteristics and technical capacities of these communities. This paper presents charcoal analysis data from four Chalcolithic and Bronze Age open‐air settlements located in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula and occupied during the third and second millennia BC. These results contribute to the knowledge of the exploitation of wooden resources, of the territories where these resources were collected, and of the firewood and timber production process. The identified wood taxa point to a diversified exploitation of the territory, where firewood and timber were collected and/or felled in the deciduous woodland, the river banks and scrubland areas. The characteristics of the wood elements used, the degree of growth ring curvature, the minimum diameter of twigs or logs, etc., as well as other data from archaeological contexts, such as the length of the postholes, were all taken into account to establish hypotheses related to the operative chaine of forest resources. The wooden resources consumed in each site allowed us to hypothesize about the territory of each community.As sociedades humanas estabelecem toda uma série de estratégias produtivas destinadas a obter os meios materiais necessários para a sua existência, entre elas, o aprovisionamento de lenha e de madeira. Estas estratégias, além de estarem condicionadas pela oferta ambiental, são igualmente resultantes das caraterísticas culturais e das capacidades técnicas das comunidades. Os dados arqueobotânicos que se apresentam procedem de vários lugares de habitação do Calcolítico e da Idade do Bronze da fachada ocidental do Noroeste peninsular com cronologias que abarcam o 3º e parte do 2º milénios AC. Os resultados obtidos permitiram identificar uma exploração diversificada dos recursos lenhosos que combinava a recolha de lenha e de madeira da floresta climácica com a proveniente das áreas de mato. As formações arbóreas situadas nas margens dos cursos de água também constituíram fonte de aprovisionamento de combustíveis e, provavelmente, de madeira. A análise dendrológica das amostras registando o grau de curvatura dos anéis de crescimento anual, o diâmetro mínimo dos ramos ou troncos consumidos, entre outras características, em inter‑relação com determinados contextos arqueológicos (dimensões dos buracos de poste, por exemplo), proporcionaram hipóteses relacionadas com a cadeia técnica‑operativa dos recursos florestais. A caracterização dos recursos usados em cada um dos casos de estudo permitiu, igualmente, colocar hipóteses sobre o território de vivência, de circulação e de exploração de cada comunidade.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologi