Early adversity and 5-HTT-BDNF genes: New evidences of Gene-Environment interactions on depressive symptoms in a general population

Background Adverse childhood experiences have been described as one of the major environmental risk factors for depressive disorder. Similarly, the deleterious impact of early traumatic experiences on depression seems to be moderated by individual genetic variability. Serotonin transporter (5-HTT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) modulate the effect of childhood adversity on adult depression, although inconsistencies across studies have been found. Moreover, the gene×environment (G×E) interaction concerning the different types of childhood adversity remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to analyse the putative interaction between the 5-HTT gene (5-HTTLPR polymorphism), the BDNF gene (Val66Met polymorphism) and childhood adversity in accounting for adult depressive symptoms. Method A sample of 534 healthy individuals filled in self-report questionnaires of depressive symptomatology [the Symptom Check List 90 Revised (SCL-90-R)] and different types of childhood adversities [the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ)]. The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism (5-HTT gene) and the Val66Met polymorphism (BDNF gene) were genotyped in the whole sample. Results Total childhood adversity (β=0.27, p<0.001), childhood sexual abuse (CSA; β=0.17, p<0.001), childhood emotional abuse (β=0.27, p<0.001) and childhood emotional neglect (β=0.22, p<0.001) had an impact on adult depressive symptoms. CSA had a greater impact on depressive symptoms in Met allele carriers of the BDNF gene than in the Val/Val group (F=5.87, p<0.0001), and in S carriers of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism (5-HTT gene) (F=5.80, p<0.0001). Conclusions Childhood adversity per se predicted higher levels of adult depressive symptoms. In addition, BDNF Val66Met and 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms seemed to moderate the effect of CSA on adult depressive symptoms

Influence of the Cumulative Incidence of COVID-19 Cases on the Mental Health of the Spanish Out-of-Hospital Professionals

This study aimed to analyze the psychological affectation of health professionals (HPs) of Spanish Emergency Medical Services (EMSs) according to the cumulative incidence (CI) of COVID19 cases in the regions in which they worked. A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed, including all HPs working in any EMS of the Spanish geography between 1 February 2021 and 30 April 2021. Their level of stress, anxiety and depression (DASS-21) and the perception of self-efficacy (GSES) were the study’s main results. A 2-factor analysis of covariance was used to determine if the CI regions of COVID-19 cases determined the psychological impact on each of the studied variables. A total of 1710 HPs were included. A third presented psychological impairment classified as severe. The interaction of CI regions with the studied variables did not influence their levels of stress, anxiety, depression or self-efficacy. Women, younger HPs or those with less EMS work experience, emergency medical technicians (EMT), workers who had to modify their working conditions or those who lived with minors or dependents suffered a greater impact from the COVID-19 pandemic in certain regions. These HPs have shown high levels of stress, anxiety, depression and medium levels of self-efficacy, with similar data in the different geographical areas. Psychological support is essential to mitigate their suffering and teach them to react to adverse events.This research was funded by Fundación ASISA and Sociedad Española de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES)

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

Effectiveness of an intervention for improving drug prescription in primary care patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy:Study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial (Multi-PAP project)

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias ISCIII (Grant Numbers PI15/00276, PI15/00572, PI15/00996), REDISSEC (Project Numbers RD12/0001/0012, RD16/0001/0005), and the European Regional Development Fund ("A way to build Europe").Background: Multimorbidity is associated with negative effects both on people's health and on healthcare systems. A key problem linked to multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which in turn is associated with increased risk of partly preventable adverse effects, including mortality. The Ariadne principles describe a model of care based on a thorough assessment of diseases, treatments (and potential interactions), clinical status, context and preferences of patients with multimorbidity, with the aim of prioritizing and sharing realistic treatment goals that guide an individualized management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention that implements the Ariadne principles in a population of young-old patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The intervention seeks to improve the appropriateness of prescribing in primary care (PC), as measured by the medication appropriateness index (MAI) score at 6 and 12months, as compared with usual care. Methods/Design: Design:pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. Unit of randomization: family physician (FP). Unit of analysis: patient. Scope: PC health centres in three autonomous communities: Aragon, Madrid, and Andalusia (Spain). Population: patients aged 65-74years with multimorbidity (≥3 chronic diseases) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs prescribed in ≥3months). Sample size: n=400 (200 per study arm). Intervention: complex intervention based on the implementation of the Ariadne principles with two components: (1) FP training and (2) FP-patient interview. Outcomes: MAI score, health services use, quality of life (Euroqol 5D-5L), pharmacotherapy and adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green, Haynes-Sackett), and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis: primary outcome is the difference in MAI score between T0 and T1 and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Adjustment for confounding factors will be performed by multilevel analysis. All analyses will be carried out in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: It is essential to provide evidence concerning interventions on PC patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity, conducted in the context of routine clinical practice, and involving young-old patients with significant potential for preventing negative health outcomes. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02866799Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

El comementes

El proyecto utiliza el juego para que los alumnos descubran que las matemáticas son más divertidas de lo que creían. Los objetivos son aumentar la autoestima y el espíritu de superación; desarrollar la capacidad de razonamiento lógico, el pensamiento cuantitativo y la intuición espacial como instrumento de trabajo y formación de la personalidad; crear una actitud positiva hacia el juego; aumentar la capacidad para resolver problemas; y ser capaz de participar de forma activa en actividades de grupo. Durante el mes de marzo, semanalmente, se formula una propuesta relacionada con números, figuras e ideas para conocer las matemáticas, mejorar la capacidad de pensar con lógica y creatividad. En el tablón de anuncios se colocan las bases del juego, la pregunta semanal, los alumnos ganadores y la evolución de cada uno. Se conseguen los objetivos propuestos y se destaca la predisposición del alumno, el fomento de la autoestima y el favorecimiento de la solidaridad, cooperación y respeto mutuo. Incluye documentación fotográfica de las actividades y ejemplos de ejercicios.Madrid (Comunidad Autónoma). Consejería de EducaciónMadridMadrid (Comunidad Autónoma). Subdirección General de Formación del Profesorado. CRIF Las Acacias; General Ricardos 179 - 28025 Madrid; Tel. + 34915250893ES

Felicidad organizacional: estudio descriptivo del área comercial de las distribuidoras exclusivas de una Empresa de consumo masivo

La felicidad es una emoción natural en las personas y, según diferentes autores, esta puede ser considerada como el objetivo principal en la vida de los individuos. Es debido a esto que es de suma importancia poder crear entornos y situaciones para fomentar la felicidad, no solo en el ámbito personal sino también laboral. Hoy en día, la felicidad es un tema creciente y de cada vez mayor importancia para las organizaciones, ya que, según diversos estudios, una persona feliz con su trabajo tiene mejores rendimientos y esto es medible en su productividad y forma de trabajo. La presente investigación se enfoca en el área comercial de distribuidoras de una empresa de consumo masivo, y comprende la medición de la felicidad organizacional y el análisis de la relación que se tiene con las variables de género, edad, tiempo de trabajo, puesto de trabajo, estado civil y grado de instrucción; así como de las dimensiones o factores contemplados: positividad y sentido, relaciones confiables, desarrollo profesional, compromiso, logro y reconocimiento, trabajo en equipo, ayuda de superiores y necesidades básicas. De la misma manera se realizó la medición general del nivel de Felicidad Organizacional en la población escogida, así como la comparación entre las variables mencionadas. La investigación realizada es descriptiva con un enfoque cuantitativo y fue realizada en una muestra 201 trabajadores, inferido de una población total de 400 empleados en Lima Metropolitana. La investigación tuvo como instrumento base la Escala de Felicidad Organizacional de Singh y Aggarwal (2017). Los resultados obtenidos de la investigación realizada dieron un nivel general de Felicidad Organizacional de la población de 4.11, lo que significa un alto grado de Felicidad Organizacional, los principales factores determinantes de esta fueron compromiso (4.4) y positividad y sentido (4.36). Finalmente, según los resultados obtenidos y al analizar lo que esto significa para el sector estudiado, se plantean diferentes recomendaciones según cada dimensión estudiada, con el fin de promover planes de acción para mejorar el nivel de Felicidad Organizacional en las distribuidoras estudiadas, las cuales podrían ser replicadas en un futuro por diferentes entidades del mismo sector.Happiness is a natural emotion in people and, according to different authors, it has been considered the main objective in the lives of individuals. This is why it is very important to create environments and situations to promote happiness, not only at personal but also work level. Nowdays, happiness is a growing topic and its importance is increasing in the organizations, as per, according to muliples studies, a happy person has better performance at work and this is measurable in the productivity and way of working. This research is focused on the commercial area of a massive consume company, and includes the measure of organizational happiness and the analysis of the relationship with the variables of gender, age, work time, position, marital status and education level; and the dimensions or factors contemplated: positivity and meaning, reliable relationships, professional development, commitment, achievement and recognition, teamwork, help from superiors and basic needs. In the same way, the general measurement of the level of Organizational Happiness was done in the chosen population, as the comparison between the aforementioned variables. The research is descriptive with a quantitative approach and was conducted in a sample of 201 workers, inferred from a total population of 400 employees in Metropolitan Lima. The research was based on the Organizational Happiness Scale of Singh and Aggarwal (2017). The results obtained from the research conducted, gave a general value of Organizational Happiness of the population of 4.11, which means a high level of Organizational Happiness, the main determining factors of this were commitment (4.4) and positivity and meaning (4.36). Finally, according to the results obtained and analyzing what this means for the studied population, different recommendations are proposed according to each dimension studied, in order to promote action plans to improve the level of Organizational Happiness in the distributors studied, which could be replicated in the future by different entities in the same sector.Tesi

Memoria final del proyecto de innovación docente

El proyecto tiene como destinatarios tanto al profesorado que compone el equipo docente como al estudiantado que cursa la asignatura de Psicología social. Su fundamento psicopedagógico básico es el denominado microlearning o microaprendizaje (Hug y Friesen, 2009), que se basa en lecciones formativas de corta duración o píldoras. Las píldoras o cápsulas son lecciones breves que sirven como orientación/especificación sobre temas concretos mediante varios recursos (imágenes, gráficos, mapas conceptuales, esquemas, tablas, etc.), que permiten captar la atención del estudiante, presentando la información de una manera más dinámica e interactiva. Se trata de una unidad independiente que puede ser utilizada de manera autónoma o combinada para profundizar en un tema (Colomo y Aguilar, 2017). El fin último del proyecto ha sido crear una serie de cápsulas formativas (denominadas Breves de Psicología Social) que serán usadas en el marco de la metodología didáctica denominada flipped classroom, también conocida como “aula invertida”. Así el estudiantado dispondrá de ellas como un recurso para obtener unos conocimientos previos antes de asistir a clase (en sus horas de trabajo autónomo fuera del contexto presencial y sin limitación de reproducciones), empleando en su lugar el tiempo en el aula en debatir la temática y/o realizar alguna actividad práctica relacionada con dichas cápsulas formativas.Plan Fido 2021-22 UG

Etnografía del viaje migratorio: formas de socialización en la travesía terrestre de Chiapas a Tijuana y de Tijuana a Chiapas

Esta investigación trata sobre las formas de socialización que se establecen entre los migrantes y otros actores involucrados en lo que llamo viajes migratorios; las travesías terrestres en autobús con duración aproximada de sesenta horas de Chiapas a Tijuana y de Tijuana a Chiapas. En otras palabras nos dirigimos a documentar una de las dimensiones de lo que acontece en ésta parte de la experiencia migratoria, la cual considero nos aproxima a la comprensión del proceso migratorio actual en el estado de Chiapas.Maestro en Ciencias Sociales y HumanísticasResumen..3; Introducción-ab /origene..8; I. Estado del arte..14; 1.1 Las migraciones en Chiapas desde enfoques estructurales..16; 1.2 La migración en Chiapas con enfoque microteórico..19; 1.3 La combinación de enfoques micro y macro..22; 1.4 El Marco contextual e histórico de las migraciones en Chiapas..26; 1.4.1 Breve recorrido por la migración en Chiapas..28; 1.4.2 La migración actual de Chiapas en números..36; 1.5 La migración a partir de procesos de socialización..39; 1.5 Justificación..41; II. Diseño metodológico..46; 2.1 El objeto de estudio: viaje migratorio..46; 2.2 El viaje, una puerta teórica ¿Qué significa viajar?..46; 2.2.1 Las conexiones del término “viaje”..49; 2.3 El término viaje frente a nuestro objeto de estudio..51; 2.4 Planteamiento del problema..56; 2.5 Preguntas de investigación..62; 2.6 Objetivos y alcances de la investigación..63; 2.6.1 Objetivo general..63; 2.6.2 Objetivos específicos..63; 2.7 Conceptos de tesis y unidades de análisis..65; III. Fundamentación teórica..70; 3.1 Marco teórico..70; IV. De la Metodología..83; 4.1 La metodología..83; 4.2 Las técnicas de investigación..86; V. Bibliografía..92; 2 VI. Anexos..99; 6.1 Fotografías en travesía..100; 6.2 En una de las terminales en Tuxtla..103; 6.3 Discurso del chofer al iniciar el viaje..108; 6.4 Guion de observación para trabajo de campo en el trayecto de Chiapas a Tijuana..110; 6.5 Entrevista en el autobús con Don Arcadio # 1..112; 6.6 Transcripción de una cooperación en el Puesto de revisión en San Luis Rio Colorado y fragmento # 1 de la entrevista con Don Fidel..115; 6.7 Gráfica según datos de la Encuesta sobre Migración en la Frontera norte (EMIF-Norte), del año 1994 al 2007 la migración desde el sur del país a la frontera norte se ha manifestado de la siguiente manera:..12

PLGA&ndash;TiO2 as a Carrier System for Drug Release

This paper reports the results of the PLGA&ndash;TiO2 nanocomposite regarding the green synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles using a natural extract, its characterization, and encapsulation with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). UV&ndash;visible spectrometry was used for the identification of terpenes present in the extracts. The morphology of the nanoparticles was determined by scanning electron microscopy. Infrared spectroscopy was used for the determination of functional groups, while X-ray diffraction was used to determine the crystal structure. The analysis of the extended release of the encapsulated extract in the matrix of the nanomaterial resulted in a maximum visible UV absorbance at approximately 260 nm and confirmed the synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Moreover, terpenes enhance synthesis and stabilize titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The synthesized structures are spherical and amorphous, 44 nm in size, and encapsulated at 65 nm