Factores Pedagógicos que Favorecen el Éxito Escolar en Estudiantes de Enseñanza Postobligatoria

El foco del presente estudio ha sido el éxito escolar: la continuidad, la permanencia en el sistema educativo, lo cual implica transitar de forma adecuada por sus diversas etapas y modalidades formativas. En particular, hemos buscado conocer qué factores pedagógicos -vinculados a los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje y a la relación profesor/a-alumno/a- constituyen condiciones favorables para el éxito y la continuidad escolar de chicas y de chicos de enseñanza secundaria postobligatoria (Bachillerato y Ciclos Formativos). Hemos tratado de visibilizar el éxito escolar de chicos y de chicas en la educación secundaria, de analizar las experiencias y las trayectorias de estudiantes que, más allá del periodo obligatorio, dan continuidad a su vida escolar con éxito académico, de prestar atención a las diferencias entre estudiantes de Bachillerato y Ciclos Formativos y, por último, de analizar de forma diferenciada la experiencia de las chicas y de los chicos, indagando en los elementos de la construcción de la subjetividad en ambos sexos. Para ello, hemos trabajado con una muestra intencional de 26 estudiantes (12 chicas y 14 chicos), 16 de Bachillerato y 10 de Ciclos Formativos, seleccionados por sus docentes, en 12 centros urbanos y semiurbanos de Málaga, Sevilla, Granada, Cádiz y Almería. Los datos han sido recogidos a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, con el apoyo de la técnica de foto-lenguaje y un cuestionario de contexto.Fundación Centro de Estudios Andaluces - [PRY031/11

Definite and indeterminate nonalcoholic steatohepatitis share similar clinical features and prognosis: A longitudinal study of 1893 biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease subjects

[Background and Aim] Histological score systems may not fully capture the essential nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) features, which is one of the leading causes of screening failure in clinical trials. We assessed the NASH distribution and its components across the fibrosis stages and their impact on the prognosis and their relationship with the concept of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD).[Methods] Spanish multicenter study including 1893 biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients from HEPAmet registry. NASH was diagnosed by NAS score ≥4 (including steatosis, ballooning and lobular inflammation) and fibrosis by Kleiner score. The presence of MAFLD was determined. Progression to cirrhosis, first episode of decompensated cirrhosis and death were collected during the follow-up (4.7 ± 3.8 years).[Results] Fibrosis was F0 34.3% (649/1893), F1 27% (511/1893), F2 16.5% (312/1893), F3 15% (284/1893) and F4 7.2% (137/1893). NASH diagnosis 51.9% (982/1893), and its individual components (severe steatosis, ballooning and lobular inflammation), increased from F0 (33.6%) to F2 (68.6%), and decreased significantly in F4 patients (51.8%) (P = .0001). More than 70% of non-NASH patients showed some inflammatory activity (ballooning or lobular inflammation), showing a similar MAFLD rate than NASH (96.2% [945/982] vs. 95.2% [535/562]) and significantly higher than nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) subjects (89.1% [311/349]) (P < .0001). Progression to cirrhosis was similar between NASH (9.5% [51/539]) and indeterminate NASH (7.9% [25/316]), and higher than steatosis (5% [14/263]) (logRank 8.417; P = .015). Death and decompensated cirrhosis were similar between these.[Conclusions] The prevalence of steatohepatitis decreased in advanced liver disease. However, most of these patients showed some inflammatory activity histologically and had metabolic disturbances. These findings should be considered in clinical trials whose main aim is to prevent cirrhosis progression and complications, liver transplant and death.This project has been partially funded by the ‘Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía’ (PI-0075-2014) and the ‘Spanish Ministry of Economy, Innovation and Competition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III’ (PI19/01404, PI16/01842, PI17/00535 and GLD19/00100).Peer reviewe

INFOTIC. Infografías académicas y herramientas de visualización de datos científicos con herramientas TIC: formación docente, diseño de recursos multimedia y experiencias didácticas para la enseñanza semipresencial

El proyecto ha gravitado en torno al uso didáctico de las infografías científicas como una herramienta destinada a la enseñanza semipresencial y telemática, aportando nuevos recursos para estudiantes y docentes y permitiendo implementar dinámicas adaptadas a las nuevas tecnologías. En este sentido, una infografía se puede definir como un conjunto de ideas complejas representadas mediante palabras, imágenes, gráficos, etc., que les confieren un aspecto visualmente atractivo. Las infografías conforman un hilo comunicativo de transmisión de estas ideas gracias al uso de textos informativos, que refuerzan su carácter pedagógico, e imágenes ilustrativas para potenciar la claridad y el dinamismo del mensaje. La visualidad de los datos integrados en las infografías es la característica más destacable de estos recursos, haciéndolas interesantes para su aplicación en la enseñanza y divulgación académica. En el marco de este proyecto, poseen una finalidad eminentemente didáctica, ayudando a que temas complejos puedan ser entendidos por un público no especializado

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

CIBERER : Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

Altres ajuts: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research

Pasados y presente. Estudios para el profesor Ricardo García Cárcel

Ricardo García Cárcel (Requena, 1948) estudió Historia en Valencia bajo el magisterio de Joan Reglà, con quien formó parte del primer profesorado de historia moderna en la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona. En esta universidad, desde hace prácticamente cincuenta años, ha desarrollado una extraordinaria labor docente y de investigación marcada por un sagaz instinto histórico, que le ha convertido en pionero de casi todo lo que ha estudiado: las Germanías, la historia de la Cataluña moderna, la Inquisición, las culturas del Siglo de Oro, la Leyenda Negra, Felipe II, Felipe V, Austrias y Borbones, la guerra de la Independencia, la historia cultural, los mitos de la historia de España... Muy pocos tienen su capacidad para reflexionar, ordenar, analizar, conceptualizar y proponer una visión amplia y llena de matices sobre el pasado y las interpretaciones historiográficas. A su laboriosidad inimitable se añade una dedicación sin límites en el asesoramiento de alumnos e investigadores e impulsando revistas, dosieres, seminarios o publicaciones colectivas. Una mínima correspondencia a su generosidad lo constituye este volumen a manera de ineludible agradecimiento

Higher levels of serum uric acid influences hepatic damage in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

[Background] recent evidence suggests a causal link between serum uric acid and the metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, and renal and cardiac disease. Uric acid is an endogenous danger signal and activator of the inflammasome, and has been independently associated with an increased risk of cirrhosis.[Aim and methods] six hundred and thirty-four patients from the nation-wide HEPAMET registry with biopsy-proven NAFLD (53% NASH) were analyzed to determine whether hyperuricemia is related with advanced liver damage in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Patients were divided into three groups according to the tertile levels of serum uric acid and gender.[Results] the cohort was composed of 50% females, with a mean age of 49 years (range 19-80). Patients in the top third of serum uric acid levels were older (p = 0.017); they had a higher body mass index (p < 0.01), arterial blood pressure (p = 0.05), triglyceridemia (p = 0.012), serum creatinine (p < 0.001) and total cholesterol (p = 0.016) and lower HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.004). According to the univariate analysis, the variables associated with patients in the top third were more advanced steatosis (p = 0.02), liver fibrosis (F2-F4 vs F0-1; p = 0.011), NASH (p = 0.002) and NAS score (p = 0.05). According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the top third of uric acid level was independently associated with steatosis (adjusted hazard ratio 1.7; CI 95%: 1.05-2.8) and NASH (adjusted hazard ratio 1.8; CI 95%: 1.08-3.0) but not with advanced fibrosis (F2-F4) (adjusted hazard ratio 1.09; CI 95%: 0.63-1.87).[Conclusion] higher levels of serum uric acid were independently associated with hepatocellular steatosis and NASH in a cohort of patients with NAFLD. Serum uric acid levels warrants further evaluation as a component of the current non-invasive NAFLD scores of histopathological damage.Peer reviewe

INFODATA-UCM. Infografías científicas y visualización de datos para la docencia y la transferencia del conocimiento

Partiendo de la experiencia acumulada en las dos convocatorias anteriores de la UCM y otros proyectos paralelos de las universidades colaboradoras (URJC y UAM), los objetivos de esta nueva propuesta se articulan en torno a dos ejes: la formación de los estudiantes, mediante la mejora de las competencias necesarias para el diseño y elaboración de infografías científicas de contenidos académicos a través de herramientas web 3.0 disponibles en abierto –incluyendo, como novedad, las herramientas de visualización de datos– y la formación del profesorado, a través de cursos –presenciales/semipresenciales/on-line– sobre metodologías y programas de diseño infográfico que les capaciten para utilizar las infografías como recurso no sólo didáctico, sino también de divulgación científica