Estudio descriptivo previo a la implantación de la asignatura "Género y salud" en Enfermería

En la última década son más prolíficos los estudios de ciencias de la salud con enfoque de “género”, implementándose asignaturas concretas que desarrollan estos contenidos. En este trabajo pretendemos conocer los rasgos y conocimientos previos asociados por los estudiantes de enfermería a determinadas cuestiones vinculadas con el género. Se ha realizado un estudio de corte cualitativo y descriptivo, transversal y observacional. Tras un proceso de muestreo no probabilístico a conveniencia, se ha conformado una muestra de 50 jóvenes. Las variables categóricas definidas son: tipo de concepto de género, sexo, salud y feminismo. El instrumento para la recogida de datos es una entrevista escrita abierta semiestructurada de 18 ítems, realizándose el análisis de datos con el paquete estadístico Atlas ti 6.0. Los estudiantes del primer curso de enfermería asocian “género” a cuestiones sociales, identidades y valores; asocian el “sexo” a la biología; el concepto de salud, lo definen según la OMS y según Milton Terris, aunque también hay muchos alumnos que hacen una mezcla entre ambas concepciones; y, finalmente, respecto al feminismo, hay ciertos matices de defensa extrema de la mujer, y su relación con el Feminismo de la diferencia

Non-surgical treatment of periodontal disease in a pregnant caucasian women population: adverse pregnancy outcomes of a randomized clinical trial

Aim: To analyze if non-surgical treatment of periodontitis in a pregnant Caucasian women population can reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods and results: A parallel randomized clinical trial was designed and approved by the Ethical Committee of Sanitary Area Santiago-Lugo, Spain (registration number: 2016/451). Forty patients with periodontitis stage II grade B were randomly allocated to receive either comprehensive non-surgical periodontal therapy (test group; n = 20) or professional tooth cleaning (control group; n = 20) before 24 gestational weeks. Randomization was computer-generated by the statistic program Epidat v.4.1 and allocation was performed using sealed opaque envelopes. Clinical measurements and peripheral blood samples for biochemical variables were collected at baseline, in the middle of second trimester before non-surgical treatment, and in the third trimester. Microbiological samples were collected in the second and third trimester. A statistically significant reduction was verified in all clinical and microbiological parameters after periodontal treatment in the test group. No significant differences were observed for the rest of the variables, including preterm birth and/or low birth weight. No adverse events related to periodontal treatment were reported. Conclusions: Non-surgical periodontal treatment in Caucasian patients with periodontitis stage II grade B did not significantly reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.S

Percepciones del alumnado de enfermería sobre la salud de las mujeres tras la formación en género

OBJETIVO: Conocer las percepciones del alumnado de primero de Grado en Enfermería del Centro Universitario de Enfermería “San Juan de Dios” relacionadas con la salud de las mujeres, tras la formación en género. MÉTODO: Estudio de corte cualitativo de investigación-acción en el aula dentro de la modalidad evaluativa.Para el análisis de contenido, nos hemos basado en la Teoría Fundamentada, como método comparativo constante con el software Atlas.ti 6.1.1.Tras un proceso de muestreo no probabilístico a conveniencia, se ha conformado una muestra de 50 jóvenes. Las categóricas definidas son: Desigualdades de género en salud y Sesgos de género en la atención sanitaria. El instrumento para la recogida de datos fue un cuestionario de 13 preguntas abiertas. RESULTADOS: El alumnado que ha cursado la asignatura “Género y salud”identifica: los roles de género y la morbilidad diferencial como causantes de las desigualdades de género en salud; y la invisibilidad en la investigación y el síndrome de Yentl, dentro de los sesgos de género en la atención sanitaria. CONCLUSIONES: Tras la formación en género el alumnado reconoce que existen desigualdades de género en salud y sesgos de género en la atención sanitaria a las mujeres.OBJECTIVE: Find out the perceptions of students in first grade of Nursing Degree in Nursing Center "Saint John of God" related to the women health, in after gender training. METHOD: A qualitative action-research in the classroom under an evaluative mode is applied. For the content analysis, it is down on grounded theory, constant comparative methodisdonewithsoftwareAtlas.ti 6.1.1.After a process of non-probability convenience sampling, a sample was comprised of 50 youth. The categories are: Gender inequalities in health and sexism in health care. The instrument approach for data collection was a questionnaire of 13 open questions. RESULTS: Students who have taken the course "Gender and Health" identify: gender roles and differential morbidity cause gender inequalities in health; and invisibility in research and Yentl syndrome within sexism in health care. CONCLUSIONS: After gender training students recognized that there are gender inequalities in health and gender bias in health care for women

Pasados releídos: el Dolmen del Portillo de las Cortes. Guadalajara / MAN

La oportunidad de retomar el estudio del dolmen del Portillo de las Cortes, Guadalajara, a partir de los materiales conservados en el MAN y de recientes trabajos de campo, ofrece un resultado positivo. Podemos aportar el conocimiento de fuentes de aprovisionamiento, una fecha C14 obtenida de un cráneo recientemente documentado en la reestructuración del MAN, y una nueva lectura de posibles refacturas del monumento

Polarimetric imaging for the detection of synthetic models of SARS-CoV-2: A proof of concept

Objective: To conduct a proof-of-concept study of the detection of two synthetic models of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) using polarimetric imaging. Approach: Two SARS-CoV-2 models were prepared as engineered lentiviruses pseudotyped with the G protein of the vesicular stomatitis virus, and with the characteristic Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Samples were prepared in two biofluids (saline solution and artificial saliva), in four concentrations, and deposited as 5-µL droplets on a supporting plate. The angles of maximal degree of linear polarization (DLP) of light diffusely scattered from dry residues were determined using Mueller polarimetry from87 samples at 405 nm and 514 nm. A polarimetric camera was used for imaging several samples under 380–420 nm illumination at angles similar to those of maximal DLP. Per-pixel image analysis included quantification and combination of polarization feature descriptors in 475 samples. Main results: The angles (from sample surface) of maximal DLP were 3° for 405 nm and 6° for 514 nm. Similar viral particles that differed only in the characteristic spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2, their corresponding negative controls, fluids, and the sample holder were discerned at 10-degree and 15-degree configurations. Significance: Polarimetric imaging in the visible spectrum may help improve fast, non-contact detection and identification of viral particles, and/or other microbes such as tuberculosis, in multiple dry fluid samples simultaneously, particularly when combined with other imaging modalities. Further analysis including realistic concentrations of real SARS-CoV-2 viral particles in relevant human fluids is required. Polarimetric imaging under visible light may contribute to a fast, cost-effective screening of SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens when combined with other imaging modalities.12 página

Hyperspectral image processing for the identification and quantification of lentiviral particles in fluid samples

Optical spectroscopic techniques have been commonly used to detect the presence of biofilm-forming pathogens (bacteria and fungi) in the agro-food industry. Recently, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy revealed that it is also possible to detect the presence of viruses in animal and vegetal tissues. Here we report a platform based on visible and NIR (VNIR) hyperspectral imaging for non-contact, reagent free detection and quantification of laboratory-engineered viral particles in fluid samples (liquid droplets and dry residue) using both partial least square-discriminant analysis and artificial feed-forward neural networks. The detection was successfully achieved in preparations of phosphate buffered solution and artificial saliva, with an equivalent pixel volume of 4 nL and lowest concentration of 800 TU.mu L-1. This method constitutes an innovative approach that could be potentially used at point of care for rapid mass screening of viral infectious diseases and monitoring of the SARS-CoV- 2 pandemic.This research was funded by grants number COV20-00080 and COV20-00173 of the 2020 Emergency Call for Research Projects about the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the COVID-19 disease of the Institute of Health 'Carlos III', Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, and by grant number EQC2019-006240-P of the 2019 Call for Acquisition of Scientific Equipment, FEDER Program, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. This work has been supported by the European Commission through the JRC HUMAINT project. ABR was supported by grant number RTI2018-094465-J funded by the Spanish National Agency of Research. The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the members of the EOD-CBRN Group of the Spanish National Police, whose identities cannot be disclosed, and who are represented here by JMNG. Authors thank continuous support from their institutions

Etnografia cuidador do sexo masculino em uma unidade de lesões da coluna vertebral: análise dos papéis e das redes sociais com uma perspectiva de gênero

Históricamente, el cuidado familiar de las personas mayores en situación de dependencia, ha estado claramente marcado por el factor género del cuidador, de forma que, como muestran muchos estudios, la tarea de cuidar recae, en un 85% de los casos sobre las mujeres. A pesar de esto, el número de cuidadores varones es importante y no se puede olvidar. El objetivo principal de este estudio es analizar desde la Antropología Urbana las redes de parentesco de dos pacientes hospitalizados y como estas redes afectan a los roles sociales de los cuidadores varones familiares miembros de esa red. Se ha llevado a cabo a través del método etnográfico. Las técnicas principales que se han utilizado han sido la observación participante y entrevistas en profundidad. Podemos concluir diciendo que en ambos casos existe una relación entre los roles sociales vinculados al empleo y el rol de cuidador, de tal forma que prácticamente en todos los miembros de ambas redes se cumple la incompatibilidad de un empleo con el rol de cuidador.Historically, the familiar care of the elderly in situation of dependence, has been marked by the factor gender of the career, this way, many studies show, the task of taking care relapses, in 85 % of the cases on the women. In spite of this, the number of career males is important and cannot forget. The principal purpose of this study is to analyze from the Urban Anthropology the networks of kinship of two hospitalized patients and the influence of these networks in the social roles of career males members of this network. Has been carried out through the ethnographic method. The main techniques that have been used were participant observation and interviews. We can conclude that in both cases there is a relationship between social roles related to employment and the role of career, this way almost in all members of both networks shows the incompatibility of a work with the role of career.Historicamente, o cuidado familiar de idosos em situação de dependência, foi claramente marcada pelo fator do cuidador de gênero, de modo que, como mostrado por muitos estudos, a tarefa de cuidar quedas, em 85% dos casos em mulheres . Apesar disso, o número de cuidadores do sexo masculino é importante e não pode ser esquecido. O objetivo principal deste estudo é analisar redes antropologia urbana de parentesco de dois pacientes internados e como você está em rede papéis sociais afetam os cuidadores do sexo masculino de membros da família de que a rede. Foi realizada através do método etnográfico. As principais técnicas que têm sido utilizados foram a observação participante e entrevistas. Podemos concluir que em ambos os casos existe uma relação entre os papéis sociais relacionados ao emprego e ao papel de cuidador, de modo que praticamente todos os membros de ambas as redes encontra um trabalho incompatível com o papel de cuidador