Procesos de gramaticalización en el sefardí

La lengua sefardí ha tenido una complicada historia que ha marcado su evolución. En su desarrollo se han producido una serie de procesos de gramaticalización que, aunque no hayan sido decisivos e innovadores, han hecho que la lengua sefardí se diferenciara del idioma de origen: el español. Incluidas en estos procesos se encuentran las formas siendo y cierto, las cuales han sufrido un reanálisis, no completo todavía, cambiando la categoría a la que pertenecían por otra más con más funciones gramaticales.Departamento de Lengua EspañolaGrado en Español: Lengua y Literatur

Origin of tuberculosis in the Paleolithic predicts unprecedented population growth and female resistance

The project leading to these results has received funding from "la Caixa" Foundation (ID 100010434), under agreement LCF/PR/GN16/10290002Current data estimate the origin of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MtbC) infection around 73,000 years before the common era (BCE), and its evolution to "modern" lineages around 46,000 BCE. Being MtbC a major killer of humanity, the question is how both species could persist. To answer this question, we have developed two new epidemiological models (SEIR type), adapted to sex dimorphism and comparing coinfection and superinfection for different MtbC lineages. We have attributed a higher resistance/tolerance to females to explain the lower incidence noted in this sex, a better health status in the Paleolithic compared to the Neolithic, and a higher dissemination of "modern" lineages compared to "ancient" ones. Our findings show the extraordinary impact caused by "modern" lineages, provoking the extinction of the groups infected. This could only be overcomed by an unprecedented population increase (x20 times in 100 years) and helped with the protection generated by previous infection with "ancient" lineages. Our findings also suggest a key role of female resistance against MtbC. This data obliges us to rethink the growth population parameters in the Paleolithic, which is crucial to understanding the survival of both MtbC and humans, and to decipher the nature of human female resistance against TB

Mantenimiento y conservación de las rutas senderas, así como del patrimonio cultural de Chulilla

Treball Final de Grau en Turisme. Codi: TU0944. Curs acadèmic: 2022/2023En el presente trabajo de final de grado, se expondrán los conceptos de conservación y mantenimiento de los bienes patrimoniales que se encuentran en la localidad de Chulilla. La diferenciación de estos dos conceptos es clave, para la implantación de medidas como la restauración y el control de factores externos, los cuales tienen como objetivo mantener los lugares o edificaciones en su estado más original y natural, así como garantizando su existencia en adecuadas condiciones. Y en el ámbito del mantenimiento, radica en garantizar su funcionalidad a corto plazo para que se encuentren disponibles para el uso continuo, ya sea local o turístico. Una vez analizado cada apartado, se entenderá la necesidad de porqué la conservación y el mantenimiento del patrimonio cultural y natural de Chulilla es clave para su perduración a lo largo del tiempo.In this final degree project, the concepts of conservation and maintenance of the heritage assets found in the town of Chulilla will be presented. The differentiation of these two concepts is key to the implementation of measures such as restoration and the control of external factors, which aim to maintain sites or buildings in their original and natural state, as well as to guarantee their existence in appropriate conditions. In the area of maintenance, it consists of guaranteeing their functionality in the short term so that they are available for continuous use, whether local or tourist. Once each section has been analysed, it will be understood why the conservation and maintenance of the cultural and natural heritage of Chulilla is key to its durability over time

Urban Transformation, Public Space and Social Perception. The River Segura as it Passes Through Orihuela and Rojales

El río Segura en su tramo final, la Vega Baja en la provincia de Alicante, atraviesa las ciudades de Orihuela y Rojales, que se caracterizan por ser las dos únicas de esta zona en las que el cauce recorre su casco urbano. Se parte de las obras de remodelación del cauce con el Plan de Defensa contra Avenidas en la Cuenca del Río Segura, concluido en 1994, en el que la solución adoptada para el encauzamiento en los tramos urbanos es similar en ambos municipios. Esta investigación expone en qué medida dichas actuaciones han tenido un refl ejo directo en la imagen de la ciudad, en las actividades en el espacio público urbano y en la manera que es percibido por los ciudadanos. Finalmente, se ponen en evidencia resultados coincidentes y divergentes, pese a la similitud del contexto de las actuaciones.The final part of the Segura River’s course flows through the region of the Vega Baja in the province of Alicante. In this area, the river crosses the town centre of Orihuela and Rojales, the only two cities with this condition. In 1994, works of redesign of the route of the Segura River were finished. The aim of these works was to improve the security and protection against flooding. In both cases the channel was re-built following the same constructive solution. This research exposes the way these measures have had a direct impact on the image of these cities, in urban public space activities and in the manner that these interventions were perceived by citizens. Despite the similar context, the results of the research show coincidences and differences between the two cities.El presente texto se incardina en el proyecto de investigación Las ciudades españolas en la etapa autonómica (1978-2012). Dinámicas, procesos y políticas (URBSPAIN), financiado por el Plan Nacional de Investigación I+D+i del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad para el período 2010-2013 (Código CSO 2009-11261-Subpr. GEOG)

Taking the urban tourist activity pulse through digital footprints

An insight on urban tourism-related phenomena is provided in this study by analysing open and volunteered user generated content. A reference framework method is proposed and applied to an illustrative case study to meet a twofold objective: to identify Tourist Activity Centre – TAC – areas based on their functional character – sightseeing, shopping, eating and nightlife; and, to obtain an up-to-date fine-grain characterization of the most dynamic zones in an urban context. Instasights Heatmaps and data from Location Based Social Networks – Foursquare, Google Places, Twitter and Airbnb – were used to depict tourist urban activity. This reproducible method transcends Instasights generic visualization of popular areas by exploiting the benefits of overlapping LBSN data sources. This method facilitates a granular analysis of tourism-related places of interest and makes headway in bridging the gap between traditional approaches and user preferences, revealed through digital footprints, for urban analysis. The results indicate the potential of this method as a complementary tool for urban planning decision-making.This research was funded by the Vice-rectorate of Research and Knowledge Transfer of the University of Alicante, in the context of the Program for the promotion of R+D+I. This work was developed within the scope of the research project entitled: "[LIVELYCITY] Interdisciplinary methods for the study of the city through geolocated social networks", reference GRE18-19

The origin and maintenance of tuberculosis is explained by the induction of smear-negative disease in the paleolithic

Is it possible that the origin of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection was around 70,000 years before the common era? At that time Homo sapiens was just another primate species with discrete growth and a very low-density geographic occupation. Therefore, it is difficult to understand the origin of a highly virulent obligate human pathogen. We have designed a new SEIR model (TBSpectr) that allows the differentiation of smear-positive and -negative tuberculosis. The model reconciles currently accepted growth rates for the Middle Paleolithic (0.003%/year) and Neolithic (0.1%/year). The obtained data link the origin of Mtb infection in the Middle Paleolithic to the induction of smear-negative TB, and reveal that its persistence required interrelations among hunter–gatherer groups, while the risk of human extinction was negligible. It also highlights the number of people infected per case and the fast progression to disease for Mtb infection maintenance, as well as the link between poor health in the Neolithic with the increased incidence of more severe forms of TB (smear-positive). In conclusion, our data support the origin of TB as a well-tolerated, highly persistent disease, even in low-density populations, showing the difficulty of its eradication and highlighting the necessity for providing better health conditions to humans to reduce its severity.Peer ReviewedObjectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::3 - Salut i BenestarPostprint (published version

The Social Reproduction Crisis During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Barcelona: Potentialities and Limitations

The outbreak of the social pandemic brought to the foreground the crisis of social reproduction afflicting our societies. However, this new visibility of the importance of care work and the emergence of mutual support networks was not a sufficient condition for the politicization of the reproductive sphere to take place, contrary to what happened during the 2008 crisis. This paper aims to comprehend the reasons why such politicization did not occur by means of a case-study carried out with four focus-groups made up of representatives of mutual support networks established in Barcelona to respond to the needs of the most vulnerable groups of the population. The achieved results show the limits of social reproduction theory to explain politicization theories, as it does not sufficiently acknowledge the state’s agency

Aproximación a los procesos de reanálisis y gramaticalización en la lengua judeoespañola

El presente trabajo pretende ser una continuación de la descripción lingüística del judeoespañol que se comenzó el año pasado con Procesos de gramaticalización en el sefardí (Manrique 2014). El interés científico por este idioma comenzó en el siglo XX, cuando se comenzó a entrever que estaba abocado a la desaparición. El profesor Iacob Hassán fue pionero dentro de este campo, al colaborar con el CSIC y con la World Sephardi Federation, en la dirección del Instituto de Estudios Sefardíes1. Gracias a él la cultura judeoespañola, incluida su lengua, no quedará relegada al olvido.Departamento de Lengua EspañolaMáster en Estudios Filológicos Superiores: Investigación y Aplicaciones Profesionale

El debat sobre la formació

L'article forma part de la primera fase d'una recerca DGICYT, que el grup QUIT de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona està realitzant sobre la relació entre formació i ocupació remunerada, amb l'objectiu d'interrogar-se críticament sobre la concepció dominant de la formació, segons la qual, la formació és un factor cada dia més clau per trobar feina i/o millorar-hi. Partint de la inadequació entre formació i ocupació que s'observa en el mercat de treball, es pretén desemmascarar com l'existència d'una pluralitat d'ocupacions implica una pluralitat de formacions. Concretament, en aquestes pàgines s'introdueix, en primer lloc, un concepte multidimensional de formació (sorgit d'un procés de discussió del grup de recerca, al voltant de les diferents aportacions teòriques). En base a aquest, s'analitza, en segon lloc, el context discursiu (concepcions de la formació per part dels agents socials) en què es desenvolupen les estratègies formatives de les persones i, sobretot, les de les empreses (ja que, al capdavall, són aquestes les que defineixen els perfils formatius requerits). Finalment, s'acaben contraposant a aquest discurs unilateral-modernitzador, unes pràctiques reals quant a polítiques públiques i pel que fa a requeriments de les empreses en el procés productiu, que divergirien en funció dels usos efectius de la força de treball en el context d'un mercat laboral segmentat i de crisi estructural de l'ocupació.The article is based on a part of a research carried on by the QUIT group (from the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona). The objective of the research is to question critically the dominant conception on the training/employment relation, which usually conceives training as a key factor in order to find and/or improve in the job. Starting from the observed inadequacy between training and employment in the labour market, the fact that a plurality of employments demands a plurality of trainings is exposed. In this pages is introduced, in short, a multidimensional concept of training -originated by the discussion of the research group on different theoretical contributions- that is subsequently used to analize the discursive context -training conceptions by the social agents - in which companies -that define the demanded training profiles- and people develop their training strategies. Finally, in the article, the above mentioned "unilateral and modernizing" discurs is contrasted with the praxis of public policies and demands of the companies, which would be different according to the efective use of the workforce in the context of a segmented labour market and structural employment crisis