Yeasts associated with the production of distilled alcoholic beverages

Distilled alcoholic beverages are produced firstly by fermenting sugars emanating from cereal starches (in the case of whiskies), sucrose-rich plants (in the case of rums), fructooligosaccharide-rich plants (in the case of tequila) or from fruits (in the case of brandies). Traditionally, such fermentations were conducted in a spontaneous fashion, relying on indigenous microbiota, including wild yeasts. In modern practices, selected strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are employed to produce high levels of ethanol together with numerous secondary metabolites (eg. higher alcohols, esters, carbonyls etc.) which greatly influence the final flavour and aroma characteristics of spirits following distillation of the fermented wash. Therefore, distillers, like winemakers, must carefully choose their yeast strain which will be very important in providing the alcohol content and the sensory profiles of spirit beverages. This Chapter discusses yeast and fermentation aspects associated with the production of selected distilled spirits and highlights similarities and differences with the production of wine

Mortality of emergency abdominal surgery in high-, middle- and low-income countries

Background: Surgical mortality data are collected routinely in high-income countries, yet virtually no low- or middle-income countries have outcome surveillance in place. The aim was prospectively to collect worldwide mortality data following emergency abdominal surgery, comparing findings across countries with a low, middle or high Human Development Index (HDI). Methods: This was a prospective, multicentre, cohort study. Self-selected hospitals performing emergency surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive patients from at least one 2-week interval during July to December 2014. Postoperative mortality was analysed by hierarchical multivariable logistic regression. Results: Data were obtained for 10 745 patients from 357 centres in 58 countries; 6538 were from high-, 2889 from middle- and 1318 from low-HDI settings. The overall mortality rate was 1⋅6 per cent at 24 h (high 1⋅1 per cent, middle 1⋅9 per cent, low 3⋅4 per cent; P < 0⋅001), increasing to 5⋅4 per cent by 30 days (high 4⋅5 per cent, middle 6⋅0 per cent, low 8⋅6 per cent; P < 0⋅001). Of the 578 patients who died, 404 (69⋅9 per cent) did so between 24 h and 30 days following surgery (high 74⋅2 per cent, middle 68⋅8 per cent, low 60⋅5 per cent). After adjustment, 30-day mortality remained higher in middle-income (odds ratio (OR) 2⋅78, 95 per cent c.i. 1⋅84 to 4⋅20) and low-income (OR 2⋅97, 1⋅84 to 4⋅81) countries. Surgical safety checklist use was less frequent in low- and middle-income countries, but when used was associated with reduced mortality at 30 days. Conclusion: Mortality is three times higher in low- compared with high-HDI countries even when adjusted for prognostic factors. Patient safety factors may have an important role. Registration number: NCT02179112 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)

International nosocomial infection control consortium (INICC) report, data summary of 36 countries, for 2004-2009

The results of a surveillance study conducted by the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) from January 2004 through December 2009 in 422 intensive care units (ICUs) of 36 countries in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe are reported. During the 6-year study period, using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN; formerly the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance system [NNIS]) definitions for device-associated health care-associated infections, we gathered prospective data from 313,008 patients hospitalized in the consortium's ICUs for an aggregate of 2,194,897 ICU bed-days. Despite the fact that the use of devices in the developing countries' ICUs was remarkably similar to that reported in US ICUs in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were significantly higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals; the pooled rate of central line-associated bloodstream infection in the INICC ICUs of 6.8 per 1,000 central line-days was more than 3-fold higher than the 2.0 per 1,000 central line-days reported in comparable US ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia also was far higher (15.8 vs 3.3 per 1,000 ventilator-days), as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (6.3 vs. 3.3 per 1,000 catheter-days). Notably, the frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates to imipenem (47.2% vs 23.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (76.3% vs 27.1%), Escherichia coli isolates to ceftazidime (66.7% vs 8.1%), Staphylococcus aureus isolates to methicillin (84.4% vs 56.8%), were also higher in the consortium's ICUs, and the crude unadjusted excess mortalities of device-related infections ranged from 7.3% (for catheter-associated urinary tract infection) to 15.2% (for ventilator-associated pneumonia). Copyright © 2012 by the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Psychodermatology in children. A secondary analysis of the Colombian National Mental Health Survey

Q4The relationship between psychiatry and dermatology has been a topic of research from a long time, because the nervous system and the skin have the same embryonic origin and are influenced by the same hormones and neurotransmitters. Additionally, the skin plays an important role in the psychodynamic development of children. The actual report is aimed at estimating the prevalence of dermatological conditions in children and describing the associations between skin and mental disorders in 7 to 11 years old children in Colombia. A secondary analysis of the data extracted from the National Mental Health Survey was carried out. This survey asked a national and regional representative sample of children aged 7 to 11 questions about mental disorder and skin problems. It was estimated that 19.9% (95%CI: [14.4,26.7] of all children presented dermatological issues. Significant differences were found between children who reside in rural areas and those whose home was located in the urban area (p=0.025). Among those with dermatitis, differences were found, revealing a larger proportion of children whose mothers consumed alcohol or psychoactive substances. Regarding mental health issues, a larger proportion of children with dermatitis presented mental disorders in the last 12 months (p=0.03), specifically anxiety disorders (p<0.001). Our study is the first to evaluate the prevalence of child dermatitis and its possible associations with mental health conditions in Colombia. The results encourage research on this potential relationship and promote subsequent robust studies. Furthermore, these results could suggest the necessity of multidisciplinary assessment of pediatric conditions.https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1537-5211https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9013-5384Revista Internacional - Indexad

Effect of a multistage ultraendurance triathlon on aldosterone, vasopressin, extracellular water and urine electrolytes

Prolonged endurance exercise over several days induces increase in extracellular water (ECW). We aimed to investigate an association between the increase in ECW and the change in aldosterone and vasopressin in a multistage ultraendurance triathlon, the 'World Challenge Deca Iron Triathlon' with 10 Ironman triathlons within 10 days. Before and after each Ironman, body mass, ECW, urinary [Na(+)], urinary [K(+)], urinary specific gravity, urinary osmolality and aldosterone and vasopressin in plasma were measured. The 11 finishers completed the total distance of 38 km swimming, 1800 km cycling and 422 km running within 145.5 (18.8) hours and 25 (22) minutes. ECW increased by 0.9 (1.1) L from 14.6 (1.5) L prerace to 15.5 (1.9) L postrace (P < 0.0001). Aldosterone increased from 70.8 (104.5) pg/mL to 102.6 (104.6) pg/mL (P = 0.033); vasopressin remained unchanged. The increase in ECW was related neither to postrace aldosterone nor to postrace vasopressin. In conclusion, ECW and aldosterone increased after this multistage ultraendurance triathlon, but vasopressin did not. The increase in ECW and the increase in aldosterone were not associated

Estudio del mecanismo responsable de la superconductividad en los óxidos de cobre superconductores de itrio y lantano

IP 1101-05-402-93ARTICULO(S) EN REVISTA: Calculo de correlaciones entre TCy laspropiedades electronicas y fononicas en los;nuevos superconductores / Jairo Giraldo, R. Baquero - En:Revista Colombiana de Fisica No. 27 (1995); p.;595-598 - Thermoelectric power of (Bi-Pb)SrCaCuO superconductingthin films / J.E Rodriguez, A. Mariño, Jairo;Giraldo, H. Rodriguez - En: Revista Colombiana de Fisica Vol.28, no.2 (1996); p. 197-200 - Electron-phonon;enhancement of thermopower in si doped superconducting bicompounds / Jairo Giraldo, J. E Rodriguez, A. Mariño;- En: Revista Colombiana de Fisica No. 28 (1996); p. 189-1-92Optical andstructural properties of Cd1-iZniTe;for high Zn concentrations / J.J Perez Bueno, M. E Rodriguez,L.Baños, O.Zelaya-Angel, Jairo Giraldo - En:;Revista Colombiana de Fisica vol. 29 No. 2 (1997); p. 207-210-Incrementoen la interaccion e-ph en;compuestos superconductores de BSCCO dopados con Si y Ag /J.ERodriguez,A . Mariño, J. Giraldo - En: Revista;Colombiana de Fisica vol. 29 No. 2 (1997); p. 231-234 - Estudioelectronico del C60 con un modelo de ruptura;de la simetria esferica a la icosaedrica / F. Alonso, J. JGiraldo - En: Revista Colombiana de Fisica vol. 30;No 1 (1998); p. 173-176 - Some tracks to a conventional approachin the cuprates / Jairo Giraldo - En: Revista;Colombiana de Fisica vol. 30 No 1 (1998); p.177-180 - Breve historia de lasuperconductividad de alta;temperatura critica / Jairo Giraldo Gallo - En: Momento Revistadel departamento de Fisica Universidad;Nacional de Colombia No. 9 (abril : 1995); p. 52-63 - Algunosproblemas conceptuales y metodologicos en la;superconductividad de alta temperatura critica / Jairo GiraldoGallo - En:Momentos Revista del departamento;de Fisica Universidad Nacional de Colombia No 9 (abril : 1995);p. 64-78 -Calculated bonding, structural, and;vibrational properties of YBa2Cu3-xCoxO7 / U. Yxklinten, JairoGiraldo, K.Holmlund - En: Physica C. No 234;(1994); p. 295-299 - CAPITULO(S) EN LIBRO: Tight-binding calculation of the van hove singularity shift from;the fermi level as a function of x for La2-xBaxCuO4 / Jairo Giraldo, R. Baquero. - p. 135-142. -- En:;Manifestation of the E-Ph interaction - proceedings of the2 nd(CINVESTAV) superconductivity symposium -;Mexico : 1994. : il. ; 29 cm. - ISBN 9810215452 - ARTICULO(S)ENREVISTA:Lattice properties of YBa2Cu3-xCoxO7;: pilot calculation using effective medium theory / JairoGiraldo, U. Yxklinten - En: journal of;superconductivity vol. 8 No 1 (1995); p. 1-2 - Electron-phononcontribution to thermopower in si-doped;superconducting bi compounds / Jairo Giraldo, J. E Rodriguez,A.Mariño -En: Physical Review B. VOL. 56 No 5;(1997 : aug. 1); p. 2383-2386 - Transport and structural properties of YBa2Cu3O7-g thin films and bulk samples;as a function of oxygen content - En: Friday morning vol.43 No1 (1998);p. 964 - EMT Applied to complex;systems: lattice properties of YBa2Cu3-xCoxO7 / Jairo Giraldo,Uno Yxklinten - En: American institute of;Physics (1996); p. 461-465. - Termopower and lattice parametersof YBa2Cu3O7-g thin films as a function of;oxygen content / Jairo Giraldo, A. Pulzara, P. Prieto, M.Chacon'- en: Revista Mexicana de Fisica No 44 sup.;(1998 : dic); p. 202-207 - Electron-phonon enhancement ofthermopower in silver-doped superconducting bi;compounds / J. E. Rodriguez, A. Mariño, Jairo Giraldo - En: Physica C. 282-287 (1997); p. 1253-1254 - An;aproximation to the optical absorption spectra of the ternarycompound ZnSexTe1-x / J. C Salcedo, Jairo;Giraldo, A. Camacho - En: Revista Mexicana de Fisica No. 44 sup.(1998 : dic.); p. 119-121. - Electronic and;vibrational properties of the C60 molecule / F. Alonso Marroquin, Jairo Giraldo, A.Calles, J. J Castro - En:;Revista Mexicana de Fisica No 44 sup. (1998 : dic); p. 18-21

Chiquihuite Cave and America’s hidden limestone industries: a reply to Chatters et al.

This paper is a reply to Chatters et al. (2021. “Evaluating Claims of Early Human Occupation at Chiquihuite Cave, Mexico.” PaleoAmerica 8, doi:10.1080/20555563.2021.1940441), in which they raise a large number of doubts about the legitimacy of our claims of earlier-than-expected human presence at Chiquihuite Cave, in northern Zacatecas, Mexico, mainly questioning the artificial nature of the lithic assemblage and the integrity of our geological contexts. We respond to their main topics of concern, contributing arguments in defense of the human origin of the artifacts. We also include 10 examples of stone tools, with full descriptions and photographs, focusing on modified flakes that bear indicators of use-wear and intentional modification

Chiquihuite Cave and America’s hidden limestone industries: a reply to Chatters et al.

This paper is a reply to Chatters et al. (2021. “Evaluating Claims of Early Human Occupation at Chiquihuite Cave, Mexico.” PaleoAmerica 8, doi:10.1080/20555563.2021.1940441), in which they raise a large number of doubts about the legitimacy of our claims of earlier-than-expected human presence at Chiquihuite Cave, in northern Zacatecas, Mexico, mainly questioning the artificial nature of the lithic assemblage and the integrity of our geological contexts. We respond to their main topics of concern, contributing arguments in defense of the human origin of the artifacts. We also include 10 examples of stone tools, with full descriptions and photographs, focusing on modified flakes that bear indicators of use-wear and intentional modification