Leadership behavior and foraging strategies of a herd of Roosevelt elk inhabiting the Oregon Coast Range

A cow-calf herd of Roosevelt elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti) resident to Indian Creek Research Center (ICRC), Oregon was observed June-August, 1985 and March-August, 1986. Cows at ICRC reproduced in alternate years; cows with calves led the herd a significantly greater number of times than cows without calves (1985, P < 0.05; 1986, P < 0.01). Activity budgets of 9 individual cow elk were significantly different (X² = 97.52, df = 24, P < 0.001) with the greatest differences occurring in the feeding and alert categories (61%-86% and 2%-27%, respectively). One individual had an alert frequency more than 3 times the mean cow alert frequency of 8% and could be considered a sentry. There was a highly significant difference (P < 0.001) in the activity budgets of cows and young calves (1-3 months old), cows and older calves (8-11 months old), and cows and yearlings (12-15 months old). During summer, cows spent a greater proportion of time feeding (78%) compared to calves 1-3 months old (66%). Alert frequency for yearlings and cows during summmer equalled 1% and 8%, respectively; young calves spent no time watching for potential danger. Yearlings fed more frequently (87%) than cows (78%); male yearlings spent 28% more time feeding than females. There was no significant difference between the activity budgets of cows with calves and cows without calves. The foraging strategies of cows and calves differed throughout the study period. The greatest differences between the diets of cows and calves occurred when the calves were 1-2 months old. Young calves were more selective in their foraging habits and relied primarily on forbs to meet their energy needs. Both cows and calves selected the most nutritious, palatable, forage available each season. As the calves matured, grasses made a larger contribution to their diets. Herd use of the meadow areas was highly correlated to meadow size and percent clover (r² = 0.87, F = 23.18, P = 0.001)

Amauropelta yabotiensis (Thelypteridaceae), a new species from Biosphere Yabotí Reserve (Misiones, Argentina) and its taxonomic relationships

The Yabotí Biosphere Reserve (Prov. Misiones, Argentina) with 221,155 ha, represents one of the southernmost relicts of the Paranaense forest. Currently, a project is being developed in the area to inventory and describe the ferns and lycophytes. As a result of these studies, we identify a new species of Amauropelta, A. yabotiensis. Within this genus, it belongs to the group of species with uncinate hairs and presents a unique combination of diagnostic features, including the type of pubescence on the rhizome scales, the shape of the fronds and segments and type of venation. Here, we described and illustrated the species and we analyzed its taxonomic affinities and geographic distribution. Additionally, we provided a distribution map and a key to distinguish it from other Amauropelta species from Misiones province. With this new finding, we highlighted the importance of the Yabotí Reserve as a reservoir of biodiversity in the region.Fil: Yañez, Agustina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Marquez, Gonzalo Javier. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Cátedra de Palinología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Ocampo Terraza, Daniela. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Cátedra de Palinología; ArgentinaFil: Ponce, Marta Monica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion; Argentin

How do metaphors shape thought in the wild?

This paper examines the theoretical and empirical claims, put forward by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) and extended by others, that metaphor shape thought. We discuss how Lakoff and Johnson’s original claims about metaphors and thought, particular characteristics of the experiments, and a lack of a general model to make sense of the findings all contribute to misunderstandings of how metaphors affect thought. Moreover, we review important experiment results exploring different interpretations for them and present a dynamic model to illustrate how metaphors affect reasoning. By taking the instance that (i) reasoning is susceptible to multivariate (and nonlinear) constraints and metaphors is one of them, (ii) metaphors are a variate group, (iii) meaning is always contextual, as opposed to being instantiated at some abstract conceptual mappings, we want to emphasize the need to be careful about any generalization regarding metaphors from theory and experiments to the society at large

Razonando monitoreos y toma de decisiones en administración pública

Este artículo reporta la exploración y selección de prácticas que ejercen profesionales de la administración pública, develando a partir de su deconstrucción las matemáticas que viven en las prácticas seleccionadas, con la intención de determinar dipolos modélicos que permitan construir estrategias de enseñanza que vinculen la matemática del aula con la matemática de la profesión. Se constata que la razón matemática juega un rol de herramienta, al formar un indicador que concurre con las prácticas de monitoreo y toma de decisiones de estos profesionales, sin embargo este rol se encuentra invisibilizado en el aula escolar y profesional

Evaluacion de la politica de banda de precio para el trigo : periodo 1984-2000

Resumen (Spanish, English)60 p.La política de bandas de precio fue establecida en Chile como una manera de reducir las fluctuaciones de precio del trigo, oleaginosas y remolacha azucarera, productos todos de gran importancia en la economía agrícola nacional. El objetivo de esta política es reducir las fluctuaciones pero de los límites de las tendencias de largo plazo de los precios. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar las transferencias de recursos entre productores de trigo, el Estado chileno y la industria molinera, que han ocurrido desde el establecimiento de la política de bandas de precios hasta la fecha, es decir 1984 a 2000. Para este efecto se compilaron series de precios internacionales y nacionales, volúmenes de trigo importado, compras nacionales de trigo, costos de importación, tasas y sobretasas arancelarias, todo, lo cual se introdujo en un modelo de equilibrio parcial. Se concluyó que la política contribuyó a aumentar los precios a productores y a reducir la variabilidad de precios durante el período analizado. En relación a la transferencia de fondos, el valor presente del flujo de recursos recibido por el Estado chileno y los productores fue estimado en 113 y 743 millones de dólares respectivamente, los que fueron financiados por los consumidores

Estrategia pedagógica enfocada en la minga para fomentar el cuidado del medio ambiente en la comunidad educativa San Luis Robles con los estudiantes del grado 8

En la Institución Educativa San Luis Robles de la vereda del mismo nombre del municipio de Tumaco se venían presentando problemas relacionados a la mala disposición de los residuos sólidos como basuras de alimentos, plásticos, botellas, latas, entre otros, lo cual propendía en la proliferación de mosquitos, zancudos, roedores, cucarachas y mal aspecto en la parte física, generando enfermedades, alergias, contaminación de los pozos de agua y de los recursos naturales circundantes, además de un mal ambiente de trabajo. De esta forma se realizó una intervención en este sentido en la cual se utilizó una estrategia pedagógica muy conocida dentro de la región, sobre todo por los adultos y mayores, que es la Minga, la cual, conjuntamente con el apoyo que realizó el docente de Ciencias Naturales y una serie de actividades que se programaron con anterioridad en una propuesta curricular, sirvieron de herramienta para educar y concientizar a los estudiantes sobre el manejo adecuado de estos residuos, los beneficios que ello conlleva y de igual manera mantener la tradición de la Minga en el quehacer de los estudiantes, con esto se logró, por una parte el fortalecimiento del área de Ciencias Naturales, el manejo adecuado de los residuos sólidos, el mejoramiento físico de la institución educativa, y la prevalencia de las tradiciones culturales regionales desde la parte etnoeducativa.In the educational institution San Luis Robles, in the same name of the municipality of Tumaco, there were problems related to poor disposition of solid waste, such as food waste, plastics, bottles, cans, among others, which projected in the proliferation of mosquitos, waddings, rodents, cockroaches and the bad aspect in the physical part, generating diseases, allergies, contamination of water wells and surrounding natural resources, in addition to a bad work environment. In this way an intervention is carried out, in this sense in which a well-known pedagogic strategy is used in the region, especially by adults, it is called the Minga, which, together with the support that the teacher of Natural Sciences made and a series of activities that were previously scheduled in a circular proposal, they served as a tool to educate and raise awareness among students about the proper handling of this waste, the benefits that this entails and in the same way maintain the tradition of the Minga in the what to do of the students, with this a contribution was achieved on the one hand the strengthening of the area of Natural Sciences, the proper handling of solid waste, the physical improvement of the educational institution, and the prevalence of regional cultural traditions from the ethno-educationa

Importancia del uso de herramientas multimedia para la comprensión de textos en las estudiantes del VI ciclo de educación secundaria de la institución educativa "Juana Cervantes de Bolognesi”- Arequipa, 2022

La presente investigación tiene como finalidad determinar el grado de importancia del uso de herramientas multimedia para la comprensión de textos en las estudiantes del VI ciclo de educación secundaria de la Institución Educativa "Juana Cervantes de Bolognesi” - Arequipa, 2022. Se realiza ante la necesidad de encontrar formas de incentivar, motivar; creando nuevas estrategias que conlleven al interés por la lectura, para de esta forma mejorar la comprensión lectora de las estudiantes. La presencia de la pandemia del año 2020 puso en marcha nuevas estrategias, tecnologías, por las cuales se tuvo que implementar en las instituciones educativas el uso de herramientas multimedia, debido a ello pudimos observar que el uso de la tecnología digital multimedia desarrolló en los estudiantes nuevas formas de comunicación, creatividad, participación; lo que nos permite considerar que el uso de las herramientas multimedia se convierte en una estrategia de suma importancia para solucionar los problemas de comprensión lectora, creando un nexo que no favorece solo a la actividad de aprender, sino también a la de enseñar, permitiendo a los docentes crear estrategias audio visuales de participación, integración; cambiando las metodologías tradicionales de enseñanza para la motivación estudiantil. Cabe hacer mención que vivimos en una era digital, tecnológica denominada la era de los “nativos digitales” donde la enseñanza debe adecuarse en forma conjunta con el avance del diario vivir

Hierarchical Catalysts Prepared by Interzeolite Transformation

Interzeolite transformation has been used to produce a novel family of hierarchical catalysts featuring excellent textural properties, strong acidity, and superior catalytic performance for the Friedel–Crafts alkylation of indole with benzhydrol, the Claisen–Schmidt condensation of benzaldehyde and hydroxyacetophenone, and the cracking of polystyrene. Intermediate solids of the FAU interzeolite transformation into BEA display both increased accessibility─due to the development of mesoporosity─and strong acidity─caused by the presence of ultrasmall crystals or zeolitic fragments in their structure. The use of surfactants allows for the development of the hierarchical catalysts with very narrow pore size distribution. The properties of interzeolite transformation intermediates (ITIs) can be fine-tuned simply by stopping the interconversion at different times.The authors thank the European Commission for funding through the H2020-MSCA-RISE-2019 program (Ref. ZEOBIOCHEM-872102) and the Spanish MINECO and AEI/FEDER, UE, through Project Ref. RTI2018-099504-B-C21. N.L. also acknowledges the University of Alicante support (UATALENTO17-05). M.J.M. thanks the Generalitat Valenciana for a PhD fellowship (GRISOLIAP/2020/165). Carlos A. Trujillo and Nelcari T. Ramírez M. express their gratitude to the Universidad Nacional de Colombia for providing physical and technical resources for this research also to Minciencias and Ecopetrol in the frame of Contract 0402-2013

Benthic diversity and assemblage structure of a north Patagonian rocky shore: a monitoring legacy of the NaGISA project

The rocky shore of Punta Este, Golfo Nuevo (Patagonia, Argentina), was sampled using the standardized NaGISA (CoML) protocol aimed to generate biodiversity baseline data in 6 levels, from high intertidal to 10m depth. Based on the generated data, we studied the benthic assemblage structure, species richness, mean abundance and the distribution pattern of invertebrate functional groups, typifying species in each intertidal and subtidal level. The rocky shore studied, as other in north Patagonia is understudied, factors driven its assemblage structure are not clear yet. The intertidal sampled is exposed to extreme physical conditions higher than any other studied rocky shore systems, with air temperature variation of 40°C during the year, maximum winds of 90 km/h and semidiurnal tides of 5m amplitude; on the other hand subtidal presents less thermal variation (DeltaT 10°C along the year) and more homogeneous physical conditions. We identified 65 taxa represented by six animal phyla: Mollusca, Arthropoda, Annelida (Polychaeta), Echinodermata, Cnidaria and Nemertea; and three algal phyla: Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta and Heterokontophyta (class: Phaeophyceae). Ordination nMDS plots showed three different assemblages in terms of species composition (intertidal, subtidal 1m level and subtidal 5-10m samples). The intertidal was represented by suspension feeders mainly Mollusca. The tiny mussels Brachidontes rodriguezii and Brachidontes purpuratus, and the algae Corallina officinalis dominated the intertidal and acts as a buffer that prevent other species for physical stress. The subtidal was mainly represented by grazers. Our results showed a tendency of suspension feeders decreasing and increasing of grazers and predators from high intertidal to subtidal, probably driven by decreasing in physical stress. The gastropod Tegula patagonica, the sea urchins Arbacia dufresnii and Pseudechinus magellanicus and the non native algae Undaria pinnatifida were the most abundant in 1m-10m level. Based on previous works performed in the region, we hypothesize that the differences registered between intertidal and subtidal samples could be explained in part by an increase in physical stress in the intertidal with low predation pressure that promotes positive interactions, while in the subtidal the increasing in consumers and decreasing of physical stress could lead to associational defenses. Competition for primary substrate at the intertidal and subtidal must be explored in future experiments. Our results could be useful to compare data and to develop a sustainable network for long-term monitoring benthic community changes due to anthropogenic activities.Fil: Rechimont, Maria Emilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Galvan, David Edgardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Sueiro, Maria Cruz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Casas, Graciela Noemi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Piriz, Maria Luz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Diez, María Emilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Primost, Monica Angelina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Zabala, Maria Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Marquez, Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Brogger, Martin Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez Alfaya, Jose Elias. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Bigatti, Gregorio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentin

Diagnostic evaluation of people with hypertension in low income country: cohort study of “essential” method of risk stratification

Objectives To explore the predictive power of a risk stratification method for people with hypertension based on “essential” procedures (that is, available in economically less developed areas of the world), comparing it in the same population with the results given by the method suggested by the 1999 World Health Organization-International Society of Hypertension (WHO-ISH) guidelines