Morphometric analysis of collagen in placentomes of dairy cows with normal delivery and with placental retention

The goal of this study was to quantify, by morphometric method, the collagen of maternal and fetal portions of dairy cows placentomes with normal delivery and with placental retention. Twelve cows were used and a placentome was obtained from each one soon after fetal expulsion. Eight cows showed normal placental delivery (Group 1) and four cows showed placental retention (Group 2). From each placentome a fragment was obtained, histologically processed and stained by Masson’s Trichromic. Volumetric proportions of maternal and fetal collagen were determined with a 25 point ocular (Zeiss K PL ocular 10xwith 25 points). There was no significant difference between groups (p>0.05) in volumetric proportion of maternal collagen (34.57 ± 5.47 and 32.04 ± 5.82, respectively) and in volumetric proportion of fetal collagen (9.85 ± 2,04 and 10.73 ± 2.47, respectively).O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar, através de método morfométrico, o colágeno da porção fetal e da porção materna do placentoma de vacas leiteiras com liberação normal e com retenção de placenta. Foram utilizadas 12 vacas, das quais foi colhido um placentoma, imediatamente após a expulsão fetal, sendo que oito apresentaram liberação normal da placenta e constituíram o Grupo 1 e quatro apresentaram retenção e constituíram o Grupo 2. De cada placentoma foi obtido um fragmento que foi processado histologicamente. As lâminas foram coradas pelo Tricrômico de Masson. As proporções volumétricas do colágeno materno e do colágeno fetal foram determinadas com o auxílio de uma ocular integradora (Ocular integradora Zeiss KPL 10x com 25 pontos). Não houve diferença significativa entre grupos 1 e 2 (p>0,05), tanto na proporção volumétrica do colágeno materno (34,57 ± 5,47 e 32,04 ± 5,82, respectivamente) quanto na proporção volumétrica do colágeno fetal (9.85 ± 2,04 e 10,73 ± 2,47, respectivamente)

Análise morfométrica do colágeno no placentoma dc vacas leiteiras com liberação normal e com retenção de placentas

O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar, através de método morfométrico, o colágeno da porção fetal e da porção materna do placentoma de vacas leiteiras com liberação normal e com retenção de placenta. Foram utilizadas 12 vacas, das quais foi colhido um placentoma, imediatamente após a expulsão fetal, sendo que oito apresentaram liberação normal da placenta e constituíram o Grupo 1 e quatro apresentaram retenção e constituíram o Grupo 2. De cada placentoma foi obtido um fragmento que foi processado histologicamente. As lâminas foram coradas pelo Tricrômico de Masson. As proporções volumétricas do colágeno materno e do colágeno fetal foram determinadas com o auxílio de uma ocular integradora (Ocular integradora Zeiss KPL 10x com 25 pontos). Não houve diferença significativa entre grupos 1 e 2 (p>0,05), tanto na proporção volumétrica do colágeno materno (34,57 ± 5,47 e 32,04 ± 5,82, respectivamente) quanto na proporção volumétrica do colágeno fetal (9.85 ± 2,04 e 10,73 ± 2,47, respectivamente)

TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Plant traits - the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants - determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits - almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives

Leukocyte Chemotaxis Activity by Cotyledons of Dairy Cows With Normal Delivery and Retained Placenta

183 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1988.This study aimed to determine the morphology of placentome carunular crypts and neutrophil chemotaxis response by cotyledons of normal and retained placentas of dairy cows, and to determine the effects of 5mg of dexamethasone on placental hormone profiles, placentome morphology and PMN chemotaxis response. Experiment 1: Group 1 comprised normally calving cows with non-retained placentas. Jugular blood samples and placentomes were collected soon after parturition (Group 1), and at 8 hours after parturition (Group 2). Neutrophils were isolated for chemotaxis under agarose, and placentomes were used for morphologic evaluation, and as a source of cotyledon homogenates for chemotaxis assays. Experiment 2: Group 1 comprised saline-treated cows and Group 2 consisted of cows dexamethasone-treated on Day 265 of pregnancy. All animals were ovariectomized on Day 265, catheters were placed into a jugular and uterine vein for blood samples collection, and placentomes were collected through a uterine wall incision. Twenty mg of chlormadinone acetate were given daily to each animal. On Day 270 and at parturition blood samples and placentomes were collected and processed as for Experiment 1. Experiment 3: Group 1 consisted of saline-treated cows and Group 2 comprised cows dexamethasone-treated on Day 255 of pregnancy. On Day 250, on all animals, catheters were placed in a jugular and uterine vein as for Experiment 2. Blood samples and placentomes were collected on Days 250 and 260, at parturition and at 8 hours after parturition in cows that retained the placenta, and processed as for Experiment 1. In all animals of Experiments 2 and 3, blood samples were collected 5 times/day to determine concentrations of cortisol, estrone and progesterone. The results suggest the following conclusions: (a) PMNs from normally calving cows with retained placenta apparently have a defective chemotaxis when compared with that of PMNs from non-retained placenta cows; (b) in normally calving cows, the number of carnucular cells is significantly lower in non-retained placenta cows; (3) the number of carnucular cells decreases towards parturition; (d) homogenates of cotyledons from cows with normal release and retained placentas have chemoattractant activity; (e) dexamethasone did not affect placental hormone profile, number of carnucular cells, nor chemotactic activity of PMNs.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD

Mammary gland evaluation and milk chemical composition in crossbreed milking primiparas cows before calving, up to the fifth month of lactation

La glándula mamaria y la composición química de los componentes de la leche en animales mestizos lecheros y su inter-relación con la aparición de problemas clínicos y productivos fueron evaluados en 10 vacas primíparas mestizas (Girolando), pertenecientes a una hacienda, situada en el municipio de Sabinópolis, estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Un examen clínico, la prueba de Califórnia Mastitis (CMT), el contaje celular somático (CCS) y la determinación de las concentraciones de los componentes de la leche a los días 17; 37; 54; 78; 110; 130 y 153 después del parto fueron realizados. En el examen clínico se detectaron lesiones de baja severidad en los pezones y al CMT, un 77,86% de los cuartos fueron negativos. El promédio y desviación estandar para el CCS fue de 167.857,1 (± 585.859,5) y para grasa, proteínas, lactosa y sólidos totales de 3,17 (±0,74); 3,05 (± 0,29); 4,65 (± 0,22) y 10,38 (± 0,80)%, respectivamente, valores estos semejantes a los reportados en la literatura. Se concluye que los resultados obtenidos fueron un buen indicador de la calidad de la leche producida y que la composición química de los componentes de la misma en vacas primíparas mestizas lecheras fue diferente del día 17 al 153 de la lactación.562-569To evaluate the mammary gland and the milk chemical composition in crossbreed milking primiparus cows and their interrelationship with clinical problems, 10 crossbreed primiparus cows (Girolando) from one farm, located in Sabinópolis Municipality, Minas Gerais State, Brasil were used to perform clinic evaluation of the mammary gland, California Mastitis Test (CMT), Somatic Cell Count (SCC) and determination of the concentration of the milk components, on days 17; 37; 54; 78; 110; 130 and 153 after calving. The clinical evaluation showed low percentage of injury in the teats, and the CMT was negative in 77.86% of the quarters. The mean values (±SD) for SCC were 167,857.1 (± 585,859.5) and for the milk components fat, protein, lactose and total solid 3.17 (± 0.74); 3.05 (± 0.29); 4.65 (±0.22) and 10.38 (± 0.80)%, respectively, alike values to reported in the literature. In conclusion, the results showed to be a good indicator of the milk quality and satisfactory to follow the milk chemical composition in crossbreed milking primiparus cows, which were different from day 17 to day 153 of lactation

Crystallization ages of Paleoproterozoic A-type granites of Carajás province, Amazon craton: Constraints from U-Pb geochronology of zircon and titanite

New U-Pb SHRIMP dating in zircon and titanite showed that the three large Paleoproterozoic A-type granite Suites and related granites from Carajás Province of the Amazon Craton (Brazil) were emplaced between 1880 Ma and 1857 Ma, with the main magmatic peak at 1880 Ma. Some particular ages not reported before have been identified: (i) ages of 1865 Ma to 1857 Ma in leucogranite facies of the Redenção and Bannach plutons, that are younger, were generated by independent magma pulses and are not cogenetic with the dominant ~1880 Ma old granites of the respective plutons; (ii) an age of 1732 ± 6 Ma obtained in the leucogranite facies of the Antônio Vicente pluton of the Velho Guilherme Suite that could represent a magmatic event in the Xingu Region not yet reported or, eventually, could correspond to an isolate hydrothermal event that allowed the growth of zircons. The more detailed geochronological data obtained in the Paleoproteozoic A-type granites of Carajás Province, added to the information available in the literature, demonstrate the relevance of the magmatic event at ~1880 Ma and indicate that the emplacement of those granites was done in about ~20 m.y. that means in a relatively short geological time. This 1880 Ma magmatic episode was also intense in other provinces of the Amazon Craton, where it is linked mostly to the formation of the Uatumã Silicic Large Igneous Province. This event was mostly extensional and isalso registered in several cratons worldwide demonstrating its relevance in the tectonic evolution of Proterozoic continents

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data