Geotecnologias e suas aplicações - v. 1

A produção deste trabalho é independente e surgiu da ideia e colaboração de professores, alunos e ex-alunos do curso de Geologia do Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde, da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Estão contidos neste livro 6 trabalhos apresentados na forma de capítulos e que abrangem temas relacionados às geotecnologias e suas aplicações no âmbito das ciências ambientais, geotecnia e planejamento urbano, e análises utilizando softwares de cartografia e modelagem espacial. O material contido nesta obra servirá de auxílio para estudantes, professores e profissionais da área das geociências em seus trabalhos e pesquisas, além de ser um veículo de divulgação de conhecimento obtido pela UFES desde a criação do curso de Geologia.Organizadores, Fabricia Benda de Oliveira, Rodson de Abreu Marques, Calvin da Silva Candotti, Eduardo Baudson DuarteVolume

Gestão de Pessoas no Terceiro Setor: Motivações dos Voluntários da Fundação Cidade Viva

O Terceiro Setor nos últimos anos revelou-se como uma temática de estudo muito rica em descobertas e contribuições para a sociedade. Composto essencialmente por trabalhadores voluntários, este campo vai de encontro a muitas premissas estabelecidas pelo pensamento capitalista e instrumental vigente na grande maioria dos países. Levando em considerações suas particularidades este estudo visa identificar os motivos pelos quais pessoas permanecem no trabalho voluntário na Cidade Fundação Viva, em João Pessoa / PB. A amostra é composta de voluntários atuando há pelo menos um ano e alcançou 122 questionários, por acessibilidade, em um universo aproximado de 350 voluntários. O modelo teórico utilizado, proposto por ______ (2012), explica as motivações de manter-se na tarefa voluntária em cinco perfis, variando de altruísmo a egoísmo. Os dados foram tratados por média, desvio padrão e coeficiente de variação. Com base nos resultados, os motivos altruístas e de aprendizado apresentaram maiores médias, o que mostra que as razões para continuar a trabalhar como voluntários na Cidade Fundação Viva estão relacionadas com a busca de conhecimento e auto sacrifício

LipidTOX: A fatty acid-based index efficient for ecotoxicological studies with marine model diatoms exposed to legacy and emerging contaminants

Contaminants, when present above certain thresholds, can induce physiological constraints to organisms, namely diatoms, a model group representative of marine phytoplankton, triggering feedback mechanisms, such as changes in cell’s fatty acid profiles, that can be used as biomarkers towards xenobiotic exposure. Having this in mind and considering the ecological relevance of diatom fatty acid profiles as well as their recognized potential as biomarkers of contaminant exposure, the present work aims to develop and test the accuracy of an integrative multi-biomarker response index based on the fatty acid profiles of marine diatoms (using Phaeodactylum tricornutum as model diatom) exposed to several emerging contaminants. In terms of the impacts at the individual fatty acid level, it was possible to observe changes transversal to different contaminants, such as the reduction of C14:0 and C16:0 fatty acids, with increasing xenobiotic concentration, as observed, for example, under propranolol and fluoxetine exposure. Enhancement of C16:2n-7 and C16:3n-4 concentrations as well as complete disruption of the basal fatty acid profile was observed in diatoms exposed to copper nanoparticles. These individual diverse and intrinsically connected alterations in fatty acid concentrations depended on the type and dose of the xenobiotic applied, highlighting the need to address these profiles as a whole. The evaluation of the diatom cells’ fatty acids using a multivariate approach revealed a high degree of sensitivity of these biochemical traits to disclose the type of xenobiotic applied to the diatoms, as well as the exogenous concentration used. These biochemical profiles were later incorporated into a unifying numerical index (LipidTOX) using an integrated biomarker response approach. The LipidTOX index showed strong correlations with both the exogenous xenobiotic concentration applied as well as with the growth features assessed for the exposed cultures, revealing a very high efficiency in translating growth impairments imposed by each of the xenobiotics tested at the different test concentrations. The LipidTOX index proved to be an efficient tool for ecotoxicological assays with marine model diatoms and evidenced a high degree of reliability for classifying the exposure of the cells to emerging contaminants. The results and benefits of the LipidTOX index application can be easily communicated to non-expert audiences such as stakeholders, policymakers and environmental managers so that this approach can be used in future toxicological evaluations of the impacts of classical and emerging xenobiotics in marine primary producers.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

LipidTOX: a fatty acid-based index efficient for ecotoxicological studies with marine model diatoms exposed to legacy and emerging contaminants

Contaminants, when present above certain thresholds, can induce physiological constraints to organisms, namely diatoms, a model group representative of marine phytoplankton, triggering feedback mechanisms, such as changes in cell’s fatty acid profiles, that can be used as biomarkers towards xenobiotic exposure. Having this in mind and considering the ecological relevance of diatom fatty acid profiles as well as their recognized potential as biomarkers of contaminant exposure, the present work aims to develop and test the accuracy of an integrative multi-biomarker response index based on the fatty acid profiles of marine diatoms (using Phaeodactylum tricornutum as model diatom) exposed to several emerging contaminants. In terms of the impacts at the individual fatty acid level, it was possible to observe changes transversal to different contaminants, such as the reduction of C14:0 and C16:0 fatty acids, with increasing xenobiotic concentration, as observed, for example, under propranolol and fluoxetine exposure. Enhancement of C16:2n-7 and C16:3n-4 concentrations as well as complete disruption of the basal fatty acid profile was observed in diatoms exposed to copper nanoparticles. These individual diverse and intrinsically connected alterations in fatty acid concentrations depended on the type and dose of the xenobiotic applied, highlighting the need to address these profiles as a whole. The evaluation of the diatom cells’ fatty acids using a multivariate approach revealed a high degree of sensitivity of these biochemical traits to disclose the type of xenobiotic applied to the diatoms, as well as the exogenous concentration used. These biochemical profiles were later incorporated into a unifying numerical index (LipidTOX) using an integrated biomarker response approach. The LipidTOX index showed strong correlations with both the exogenous xenobiotic concentration applied as well as with the growth features assessed for the exposed cultures, revealing a very high efficiency in translating growth impairments imposed by each of the xenobiotics tested at the different test concentrations. The LipidTOX index proved to be an efficient tool for ecotoxicological assays with marine model diatoms and evidenced a high degree of reliability for classifying the exposure of the cells to emerging contaminants. The results and benefits of the LipidTOX index application can be easily communicated to non-expert audiences such as stakeholders, policymakers and environmental managers so that this approach can be used in future toxicological evaluations of the impacts of classical and emerging xenobiotics in marine primary producers.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Identification of the urban heat islands phenomenon in a small city: the study case of Três Rios/RJ, Brazil

The phenomenon of urban heat islands (UHI) is caused by the increase in temperatures of an urban area as a result of the development of human activities within that area, this phenomenon is usually studied in medium and large cities. This study aims to verify if the phenomenon of UHI occurs in the municipality of Três Rios – RJ, a small sized city. This study included the use of mobile transect, through pre-established data collection points/stations. Five data collection points were selected, from which one was included in a rural area, one in the Parque Natural Municipal (Urban Park, within the city), and three points within the urbanized area. The equipment used was the Brunton® / ADC PRO handheld weather station. The data collection period ranged from September 2018 until July 2019, which included the four seasons. Measurements were taken at 6:00, 12:00, 15:00, 18:00, and 21:00h, in alternate days during the study period. Considering the temperature measurements, two different indicators of thermal variability were used. Strong magnitude heat islands were detected, taking into consideration the relevant variation of maximum temperatures observed in the urban area when compared to the rural area. The results indicate the most affected populations to be the ones located within urban areas, mostly individuals under socioeconomic vulnerability. The results obtained can be used as support for the development of strategies to minimize the thermal discomfort to populations exposed to the influence of higher magnitude urban heat islands.O fenômeno Ilha de Calor Urbana (ICU) consiste no aumento de temperaturas de uma área urbana influenciado pelo desenvolvimento de atividades antrópicas e comumente estudado em cidades de médio e grande porte. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar se há ocorrência do fenômeno ICU na cidade de Três Rios - RJ, uma cidade de pequeno porte. Esse trabalho consistiu no uso de um transecto móvel, a partir de pontos/estações preestabelecidos. Foram selecionados cinco pontos de medidas, sendo um ponto na zona rural, um ponto no Parque Natural Municipal da cidade (parque urbano) e três pontos na área urbana. O equipamento portátil utilizado foi uma Central Meteorológica Brunton® / ADC PRO. O período analisado compreendeu de setembro/2018 a julho/2019, englobando as quatro estações do ano. As medidas foram realizadas as 6:00, 12:00, 15:00, 18:00 e 21:00 horas em dias alternados dos meses em questão. A partir das medições de temperatura dois indicadores distintos de diferenciação térmica foram considerados, sendo possível constatar ilhas de calor de forte magnitude, considerando relevante variação das máximas das temperaturas identificadas para zona urbana em relação a zona rural. De acordo com a análise dos resultados a população mais afetada seria a que reside na área urbanizada, sobretudo a população em vulnerabilidade socioeconômica. Os resultados obtidos poderão servir como subsídio para a elaboração de estratégias, que visam minimizar o desconforto térmico na população em áreas onde ocorreram maiores amplitudes sob influência das ilhas de calor

A comparison of the efficiency of 22G versus 25G needles in EUS-FNA for solid pancreatic mass assessment: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Our aim in this study was to compare the efficiency of 25G versus 22G needles in diagnosing solid pancreatic lesions by EUS-FNA. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. Studies were identified in five databases using an extensive search strategy. Only randomized trials comparing 22G and 25G needles were included. The results were analyzed by fixed and random effects. A total of 504 studies were found in the search, among which 4 randomized studies were selected for inclusion in the analysis. A total of 462 patients were evaluated (233: 25G needle/229: 22G needle). The diagnostic sensitivity was 93% for the 25G needle and 91% for the 22G needle. The specificity of the 25G needle was 87%, and that of the 22G needle was 83%. The positive likelihood ratio was 4.57 for the 25G needle and 4.26 for the 22G needle. The area under the sROC curve for the 25G needle was 0.9705, and it was 0.9795 for the 22G needle, with no statistically significant difference between them (p=0.497). Based on randomized studies, this meta-analysis did not demonstrate a significant difference between the 22G and 25G needles used during EUS-FNA in the diagnosis of solid pancreatic lesions

APLICAÇÃO DE MODELO DE MENSURAÇÃO DA SATISFAÇÃO DOS USUÁRIOS DE UM SISTEMA DE INFORMAÇÃO ACADÊMICO: ESTUDO DE CASO NA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE

O sistema de informação proporciona um meio de comunicação e de troca de informações entre os diferentes públicos, tornando a geração e disseminação de informações um processo ágil e eficaz. As Universidades Federais do Brasil investem na informatização dos processos acadêmicos e administrativos buscando excelência nas atividades de gestão e sobretudo nas atividades de ensino, pesquisa e extensão. Este artigo tem como objetivo aplicar o modelo de avaliação da satisfação, desenvolvido por Ainin, Bahri e Ahmad (2012), nos usuários do sistema acadêmico de uma Universidade. A metodologia empregada consistiu no envio de um questionário eletrônico para os alunos da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) e coleta de 1658 respostas que foram analisadas utilizando-se a modelagem de equações estruturais para identificar os fatores que contribuem com o processo investigado. O estudo observou todos os critérios estatísticos para validação, além de apresentar um bom nível de ajuste, mostrando-se estatisticamente adequado. O fator utilidade percebida teve maior impacato na determinação da satisfação dos usuários, seguido pela Qualidade do Serviço, Qualidade da Informação e Qualidade do Sistem

Innovation in root consumption in Brazil: A study for the development of chutney based on beet / Inovação no consumo de raízes no Brasil: Um estudo para o desenvolvimento de chutney à base de beterraba

Considering the limitation of nutrients found in human food in recent times, caused by the low consumption of products of plant origin, there is a need to encourage the food market for the development of new products, based on popular ingredients, easily accessible and rich in nutrients, such as roots. That said, the present work aimed to develop a new product that uses the roots and expresses the versatility that certain roots present. Thus, the preparation of a chutney was conceived, a product of Indian origin that is not widespread among the Brazilian population. For its adaptation by using roots as ingredient base, 3 tests were carried out to achieve the texture and flavor that referred to the original preparation, that is, bittersweet and aromatic. Therefore, when adapted to local ingredients such as beet and cassava, the root chutney resulted in a versatile and low-cost product that can take on several roles in the gastronomic world

Fluoxetine Arrests Growth of the Model Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum by Increasing Oxidative Stress and Altering Energetic and Lipid Metabolism

Pharmaceutical residues impose a new and emerging threat to aquatic environments and its biota. One of the most commonly prescribed pharmaceuticals is the antidepressant fluoxetine, a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor that has been frequently detected, in concentrations up to 40 μg L–1, in aquatic ecosystems. The present study aims to investigate the ecotoxicity of fluoxetine at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.3, 0.6, 20, 40, and 80 μg L–1) on cell energy and lipid metabolism, as well as oxidative stress biomarkers in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Exposure to higher concentrations of fluoxetine negatively affected cell density and photosynthesis through a decrease in the active PSII reaction centers. Stress response mechanisms, like β-carotene (β-car) production and antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)] up-regulation were triggered, likely as a positive feedback mechanism toward formation of fluoxetine-induced reactive oxygen species. Lipid peroxidation products increased greatly at the highest fluoxetine concentration whereas no variation in the relative amounts of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) was observed. However, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol-characteristic fatty acids such as C16:2 and C16:3 increased, suggesting an interaction between light harvesting pigments, lipid environment, and photosynthesis stabilization. Using a canonical multivariate analysis, it was possible to evaluate the efficiency of the application of bio-optical and biochemical techniques as potential fluoxetine exposure biomarkers in P. tricornutum. An overall classification efficiency to the different levels of fluoxetine exposure of 61.1 and 88.9% were obtained for bio-optical and fatty acids profiles, respectively, with different resolution degrees highlighting these parameters as potential efficient biomarkers. Additionally, the negative impact of this pharmaceutical molecule on the primary productivity is also evident alongside with an increase in respiratory oxygen consumption. From the ecological point of view, reduction in diatom biomass due to continued exposure to fluoxetine may severely impact estuarine and coastal trophic webs, by both a reduction in oxygen primary productivity and reduced availability of key fatty acids to the dependent heterotrophic upper levels.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Antidepressant Effects in a Marine Photosynthetic Organism: The Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum as a Case Study

The increased use of antidepressants, along with their increased occurrence in aquatic environments, is of concern for marine organisms. Although these pharmaceutical compounds have been shown to negatively affect marine diatoms, their mode of action in these non-target, single-cell phototrophic organisms is yet unknown. Using a Fourier-transform ion cyclotron-resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR-MS) we evaluated the effects of fluoxetine in the metabolomics of the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, as well as the potential use of the identified metabolites as exposure biomarkers. Diatom growth was severely impaired after fluoxetine exposure, particularly in the highest dose tested, along with a down-regulation of photosynthetic and carbohydrate metabolisms. Notably, several mechanisms that are normally down-regulated by fluoxetine in mammal organisms were also down-regulated in diatoms (e.g., glycerolipid metabolism, phosphatidylinositol signalling pathway, vitamin metabolism, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis and serotonin remobilization metabolism). Additionally, the present work also identified a set of potential biomarkers of fluoxetine exposure that were up-regulated with increasing fluoxetine exposure concentration and are of high metabolic significance following the disclosed mode of action, reinforcing the use of metabolomics approaches in ecotoxicology.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio