ENTREVISTA COM MARK DAVID RIDD

Mark David Ridd é professor de Tradução na Universidade de Brasília desde 1986. Esse inglês nasceu em Buenos Aires quando seu pai era diplomata naquele país. Suas aulas são tão divertidas quanto instrutivas, com pitadas de um humor próprio dele. Curioso sobre ornitologia, com habilidades ao piano, esse tradutor tem muitas histórias para contar sobre a profissão. É uma pena não podermos reproduzir todo o conteúdo aqui, pois a entrevista está imperdível. Duas palavras para descrever sua relação com a tradução? Paixão e fúria

As tecnologias vestíveis de moda e a relação entre humano e não-humano

O artigo propõe apresentar a afinidade das tecnologias vestíveis de moda, ainda não muito difundido, em relação ao atual contexto tecnológico. A concepção da internet das coisas e o desenvolvimento da comunicação ubíqua, pervasiva e senciente expõem uma visão favorável aos wearable technologies. Da mesma forma que a moda oferece uma relação intrínseca entre roupa e corpo, autores como Bruno Latour, Giselle Beiguelman e André Lemos apontam para um tratamento simétrico das dualidades modernas: físico e virtual, homem e máquina, natureza e cultura e, portanto, humano e não-humano. As mediações e experimentações advindas de uma não purificação destas dicotomias serão capazes de oferecer uma ressignificação ao homem, assim como uma significação para as tecnologias vestíveis de moda

Practices and challenges for occupational therapy in the context of early childhood intervention

Objectives: to analyze the practices implemented by occupational therapists working in Early Childhood Intervention services for children between zero and five years old and to point out the challenges faced by these professionals during the structuring of their actions. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and exploratory study, with a qualitative approach. Four occupational therapists associated with services participated in cities in the interior and coast of the state of São Paulo. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews and data analysis was carried out from the perspective of Content Analysis, in the thematic analysis modality. Results: The results of the study were classified into four thematic groups: Practices in the context of Early Childhood Intervention, The object of the intervention, Rationale for action and Challenges for Occupational Therapy in Early Childhood Intervention. Conclusion: it is concluded that developed practices have been structured under predominantly rehabilitative references and based on the needs of the children served, which impacts de identity of the actions. Thus, the main ones are related to the characteristics of the services, professional training, and the design of a model of practice.Objetivos: analisar as práticas implementadas por terapeutas ocupacionais atuantes em serviços de Intervenção Precoce destinados a crianças entre zero e cinco anos e apontar os desafios enfrentados por esses profissionais durante a estruturação de suas ações. Procedimentos metodológicos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo e exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa. Participaram quatro terapeutas ocupacionais vinculados a serviços localizados em municípios do interior e litoral do estado de São Paulo. A coleta de dados foi realizada mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas e a análise dos dados foi feita sob a perspectiva da Análise de Conteúdo, na modalidade de análise temática. Resultados: Os resultados do estudo, foram classificados em quatro núcleos temáticos, sendo eles: Práticas no contexto da Intervenção Precoce, O objeto da intervenção, Fundamentação para atuar e Desafios para a Terapia Ocupacional em Intervenção Precoce. Conclusões: Conclui-se que práticas desenvolvidas têm se estruturado sob referenciais predominantemente reabilitativos e pautados nas necessidades das crianças atendidas, o que impacta a identidade das ações. Assim, os principais encontram-se relacionados às características dos serviços, formação profissional e ao delineamento do um modelo de prática

Identification and characterization of Tc1/mariner-like DNA transposons in genomes of the pathogenic fungi of the Paracoccidioides species complex

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Paracoccidioides brasiliensis </it>(Eukaryota, Fungi, Ascomycota) is a thermodimorphic fungus, the etiological agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, the most important systemic mycoses in Latin America. Three isolates corresponding to distinct phylogenetic lineages of the <it>Paracoccidioides </it>species complex had their genomes sequenced. In this study the identification and characterization of class II transposable elements in the genomes of these fungi was carried out.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A genomic survey for DNA transposons in the sequence assemblies of <it>Paracoccidioides</it>, a genus recently proposed to encompass species <it>P. brasiliensis </it>(harboring phylogenetic lineages S1, PS2, PS3) and <it>P. lutzii </it>(<it>Pb01-like </it>isolates), has been completed. Eight new <it>Tc1/mariner </it>families, referred to as Trem (<b>Tr</b>ansposable <b>e</b>lement <b>m</b>ariner), labeled A through H were identified. Elements from each family have 65-80% sequence similarity with other <it>Tc1/mariner </it>elements. They are flanked by 2-bp TA target site duplications and different termini. Encoded DDD-transposases, some of which have complete ORFs, indicated that they could be functionally active. The distribution of Trem elements varied between the genomic sequences characterized as belonging to <it>P. brasiliensis </it>(S1 and PS2) and <it>P. lutzii</it>. TremC and H elements would have been present in a hypothetical ancestor common to <it>P. brasiliensis </it>and <it>P. lutzii</it>, while TremA, B and F elements were either acquired by <it>P. brasiliensis </it>or lost by <it>P. lutzii </it>after speciation. Although TremD and TremE share about 70% similarity, they are specific to <it>P. brasiliensis </it>and <it>P. lutzii</it>, respectively. This suggests that these elements could either have been present in a hypothetical common ancestor and have evolved divergently after the split between <it>P. brasiliensis </it>and <it>P. Lutzii</it>, or have been independently acquired by horizontal transfer.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>New families of <it>Tc1/mariner </it>DNA transposons in the genomic assemblies of the <it>Paracoccidioides </it>species complex are described. Families were distinguished based on significant BLAST identities between transposases and/or TIRs. The expansion of Trem in a putative ancestor common to the species <it>P. brasiliensis </it>and <it>P. lutzii </it>would have given origin to TremC and TremH, while other elements could have been acquired or lost after speciation had occurred. The results may contribute to our understanding of the organization and architecture of genomes in the genus <it>Paracoccidioides</it>.</p

Metabolismo antioxidativo para separação de lotes de sementes de diferentes graus de homogeneidade

The seeds deteriorationprocess usually occurs in lots that had matured too early or where improper stored, in such cases an excessive production ofreactive oxygen species can occur, however, changes caused by these radicals production are not always detectable by seedsquality standard tests. Thus, the aim was to separate heterogeneous bean seeds lots and homogeneous maize seeds lots throughphysiological seed quality standard tests, and relate them to the activity of antioxidant enzymes activity to detect differences inseeds vigor. Three lots of bean and maize seeds were subjected to analysis of viability, vigor and activity of antioxidant enzymes(superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase). The physiological standard test allowed classifying the lots ofbeans seeds at different levels of vigor confirming their heterogeneity, however, the analysis of antioxidant enzymes showed nosignificant differences among the lots. As for maize seeds, standard tests did not allow to separate the lots at different levels ofvigor demonstrating their homogeneity, however, the activity of antioxidant enzymes allowed to differentiate them. The analysisof enzyme activity of the antioxidative system is not efficient to differentiate heterogeneous lots of bean seeds, however, it isefficient to detect subtle differences between homogeneous maize seeds lots according vigor.A deterioraçãode sementes geralmente ocorre em lotes que tiveram maturação precoce ou que são oriundos de armazenamento inadequado,nestes casos, pode ocorrer produção excessiva de espécies reativas de oxigênio, entretanto, as alterações deste processo nemsempre são detectáveis pelos testes padrão de qualidade fisiológica de sementes. Desta forma, objetivou-se separar lotes heterogêneosde sementes de feijão e homogêneos de milho por meio dos testes padrão de qualidade fisiológica de sementes, assimcomo relacionar estas respostas com a atividade das enzimas antioxidantes para verificar se estas enzimas detectam diferençasno vigor. Três lotes de sementes de feijão e milho foram submetidos às analises de viabilidade, vigor e atividade de enzimasantioxidantes (superóxido dismutase, ascorbato peroxidase e catalase). Os testes padrão de qualidade fisiológica permitiram aclassificação dos lotes de sementes de feijão em diferentes níveis de vigor confirmando sua heterogeneidade, porém, a análisedas enzimas antioxidantes não apresentou diferenças significativas entre os lotes. Já para as sementes de milho, os testes padrãonão permitiram separar os lotes em diferentes níveis de vigor demonstrando sua homogeneidade, contudo, a atividade das enzimasantioxidantes possibilitou diferenciá-los. A análise da atividade das enzimas do sistema antioxidante não é eficiente paradiferenciar lotes heterogêneos de sementes de feijão, porém, é eficiente para detectar diferenças tênues entre lotes homogêneosde sementes de milho quanto ao vigor

The influence of genetic stability on Aspergillus fumigatus virulence and azole resistance

Genetic stability is extremely important for the survival of every living organism, and a very complex set of genes has evolved to cope with DNA repair upon DNA damage. Here, we investigated the Aspergillus fumigatus AtmA (Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated, ATM) and AtrA kinases, and how they impact virulence and the evolution of azole resistance. We demonstrated that A. fumigatus atmA and atrA null mutants are haploid and have a discrete chromosomal polymorphism. The ?atmA and ?atrA strains are sensitive to several DNA-damaging agents, but surprisingly both strains were more resistant than the wild-type strain to paraquat, menadione, and hydrogen peroxide. The atmA and atrA genes showed synthetic lethality emphasizing the cooperation between both enzymes and their consequent redundancy. The lack of atmA and atrA does not cause any significant virulence reduction in A. fumigatus in a neutropenic murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and in the invertebrate alternative model Galleria mellonela. Wild-type, ?atmA, and ?atrA populations that were previously transferred 10 times in minimal medium (MM) in the absence of voriconazole have not shown any significant changes in drug resistance acquisition. In contrast, ?atmA and ?atrA populations that similarly evolved in the presence of a subinhibitory concentration of voriconazole showed an ~5-10-fold increase when compared to the original minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. There are discrete alterations in the voriconazole target Cyp51A/Erg11A or cyp51/erg11 and/or Cdr1B efflux transporter overexpression that do not seem to be the main mechanisms to explain voriconazole resistance in these evolved populations. Taken together, these results suggest that genetic instability caused by ?atmA and ?atrA mutations can confer an adaptive advantage, mainly in the intensity of voriconazole resistance acquisition.We thank the Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo and the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientí fi co e Tecnológico, Brazil, for fi nancial support. F.R. and B.H.F. were supported by the Northern Portugal Regional Operational Program (NORTE 2020), under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000013)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Long-term Follow-up Of An 8-year-old Boy With Insulinoma As The First Manifestation Of A Familial Form Of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant hereditary cancer syndrome characterized mostly by parathyroid, enteropancreatic, and anterior pituitary tumors. We present a case of an 8-year-old boy referred because of hypoglycemic attacks. His diagnosis was pancreatic insulinoma. Paternal grandmother died due to repeated gastroduodenal ulcerations and a paternal aunt presented similar manifestations. At a first evaluation, the father presented only gastric ulceration but subsequently developed hyperparathyroidism and lung carcinoid tumor. During almost 15 years of follow-up, three brothers and the index case presented hyperparathyroidism and hyperprolactinemia. Molecular study showed a G to A substitution in intron 4, at nine nucleotides upstream of the splicing acceptor site, causing a splicing mutation. All affected members of the family have the same mutation. Paternal grandmother and aunt were not studied and the mother does not carry any mutation. MEN1 is a rare condition that requires permanent medical assistance. Early clinical and genetic identification of affected individuals is essential for their own surveillance and also for genetic counseling.54754-6

Relações entre viabilidade, vigor e cultivo in vitro de embriões e sementes de oliveira (Olea europaea L.)

O cultivo de oliveiras é recente no Brasil e a falta de mudas de qualidade é limitante para sua expansão. Visando a rápida produção de mudas de qualidade fitossanitária, objetivou-se avaliar a viabilidade e o vigor de sementes e sua relação com a germinação e o cultivo in vitro das sementes íntegras e embriões isolados de cultivares de oliveira (Arbequina e Koroneiki). A viabilidade das sementes foi avaliada pelo teste do tetrazólio e o vigor pela atividade respiratória. Para o cultivo in vitro, sementes e embriões foram inoculados em meio MS com 0,01 mg L-1 de ácido giberélico, 1 mg L-1 do antioxidante PPM, pH 6,2, mantidos em sala de crescimento (25±1 ºC, luminosidade de 32 μmoles m-2 s-1 e fotoperíodo de 16 horas). Após 15, 30, 45, 60 e 75 dias foram avaliadas as porcentagens de germinação. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições de 25 embriões/sementes e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (p<0,05).  A cv. Koroneiki apresentou 6% de embriões viáveis enquanto que a Arbequina apresentou 86%. A maior atividade respiratória nas sementes de Arbequina (48,4 mg CO2 g de semente-1 h-1), evidenciou maior vigor, diferindo significativamente da cv. Koroneiki (30,8 mg CO2.g de semente-1 h-1). Houve diferença significativa para a germinação in vitro entre as sementes íntegras e os embriões para as duas cultivares, com médias de 24% e 63% para ‘Arbequina’ e de 6,2% e 34,6% para ‘Koroneiki’, respectivamente. A maior viabilidade e vigor das sementes da cv. Arbequina correspondem a sua maior porcentagem de germinação in vitro

Placental Morphologic Similarities Between ZIKV-Positive and HIV-Positive Pregnant Women

Zika virus (ZIKV) caused global concern due to Brazil's unexpected epidemic, and it was associated with congenital microcephaly and other gestational intercurrences. The study aimed to analyze the placenta morphometric changes of ZIKV-infected pregnant women (ZIKV group; n = 23) compared to placentas of HIV-infected (HIV group; n = 24) and healthy pregnant women (N-control group; n = 22). It also analyzed the relationship between the morphometric results and pathological alterations on conventional microscopy, gestational trimester of infection, and presence of the congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). There was a significant increase in area (p = 0.0172), as well as a higher number of knots (p = 0.0027), sprouts (p &lt; 0.0001), and CD163 +Hofbauer cells (HCs) (p &lt; 0.0001) in the ZIKV group compared to the N-control group, suggesting that villous dysmaturity and HCs hyperplasia could be associated with ZIKV infections. The HIV group had a higher area (p &lt; 0.0001), perimeter (p = 0.0001), sprouts (p &lt; 0.0001), and CD163 + HCs (p &lt; 0.0001) compared to the N-control group, demonstrating that the morphometric abnormalities found in the ZIKV and HIV group are probably similar. However, when ZIKV and HIV groups are compared, it was observed a higher number of sprouts (p = 0.0066) and CD163+ HCs (p &lt; 0.0001) in the first one, suggesting that placental ZIKV congenital changes could be more pronounced