Aplikasi Kapur Kalsit pada Tanah Gambut untuk Meningkatkan pH Air Media Pemeliharaan Ikan Patin

Sari OR, Jubaedah D, Wijayanti M, Marsi M. 2021. Application calcite limein peat soil to improve water pH in culture media of catfish (Pangasius sp.). In: Herlinda S et al. (Eds.), Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal ke-9 Tahun 2021, Palembang 20 Oktober 2021. pp. 844-853.  Palembang: Penerbit & Percetakan Universitas Sriwijaya (UNSRI). Application of calcite lime has been researched to be able to increase the pH of water and soil of catfish culture media. Application of lime is not only affected by soil and water pH but also affected by organic matter as in peat soil that have high carbon organic.  This research aims to know the effect of calcite lime and various C-organic on water and soil pH for culture of catfish.This research was conducted from July to December 2019 at the Laboratory of Aquaculture Experimental Pond, Aquaculture Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University. This research use Factorial Completely Randomized Design. Thefirst factor is different dose of calcite lime that are 7000 kg/ha equivalent CaO (K1), 8000 kg/ha equivalent CaO (K2), 9000 kg/ha equivalent CaO (K3), 10000 kg/ha equivalent CaO (K4). The second factor is peat soil with different soil organic carbon that are 19.72% (C1) and 59.98% (C2). The results of this study indicated that K3C1(interaction of dosage of lime 9000 kg/ha equivalent to CaO and 19.62% C-organic) increased the initial soil pH from 3.2 to 7.43, and water pH from 3,2 to 7.33, and produces 100% survival of catfish, absolute growth of length 9.08cm and absolute growth of weight 4.60 g

Deciphering myeloid-derived suppressor cells: isolation and markers in humans, mice and non-human primates

International audienceIn cancer, infection and inflammation, the immune system's function can be dysregulated. Instead of fighting disease, immune cells may increase pathology and suppress host-protective immune responses. Myeloid cells show high plasticity and adapt to changing conditions and pathological challenges. Despite their relevance in disease pathophysiology, the identity, heterogeneity and biology of myeloid cells is still poorly understood. We will focus on phenotypical and functional markers of one of the key myeloid regulatory subtypes, the myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC), in humans, mice and non-human primates. Technical issues regarding the isolation of the cells from tissues and blood, timing and sample handling of MDSC will be detailed. Localization of MDSC in a tissue context is of crucial importance and immunohistochemistry approaches for this purpose are discussed. A minimal antibody panel for MDSC research is provided as part of the Mye-EUNITER COST action. Strategies for the identification of additional markers applying state of the art technologies such as mass cytometry will be highlighted. Such marker sets can be used to study MDSC phenotypes across tissues, diseases as well as species and will be crucial to accelerate MDSC research in health and disease

Pentas longiflora Oliv. (Rubiaceae), a plant used in the treatment of Pityriasis Versicolor in Rwanda: Chemical composition and standardization of leaves and roots

In Rwanda, the roots of Pentas longiflora Oliv. (Rubiaceae) have been used for a long time to treat Pityriasis versicolor. However, many people reported the use of leaves instead of roots. This research was conducted to compare the phytochemical composition and establish chromatographic methods for the standardization of roots and leaves extracts of P. longiflora. During this process, three new pentalongin glycosides (pentalonginoside A, pentalonginoside B, and pentalonginoside C) and two known glycosides of the same type (harounoside and clarinoside), as well as rutin, luteolin-7-rutinoside were isolated from methanol extract of leaves. In addition, pentalongin and psychorubrin, previously isolated from ethylacetate roots extract, were also identified in Pentas longiflora ethylacetate leaves extract. The presence of the antifungal compound pentalongin in leaves may explain the traditional use of leaves in the treatment of Pytiriasis versicolor. Furthermore, harounoside, psychorubrin, and pentalongin were selected as markers for HPLC fingerprints of MeOH extract. The accuracy and risk profile demonstrated the reliability of the validated method. In general, considerable variations of concentration in plant metabolites, including pentalongin, were observed between samples from different sites. The content in pentalongin (expressed as juglone) in collected samples ranged between 1.7 and 70.0 mg/100 g. The highest concentration (70.0 ± 17 mg/100 g) was registered in the cultivated samples from Mukoni. This important variation of pentalongin concentrations according to sampling sites, shows that in order to guarantee equivalent efficacy, finished products with P. longiflora should be standardized based on their pentalongin content

Silicon and Germanium Nanostructures for Photovoltaic Applications: Ab-Initio Results

Actually, most of the electric energy is being produced by fossil fuels and great is the search for viable alternatives. The most appealing and promising technology is photovoltaics. It will become truly mainstream when its cost will be comparable to other energy sources. One way is to significantly enhance device efficiencies, for example by increasing the number of band gaps in multijunction solar cells or by favoring charge separation in the devices. This can be done by using cells based on nanostructured semiconductors. In this paper, we will present ab-initio results of the structural, electronic and optical properties of (1) silicon and germanium nanoparticles embedded in wide band gap materials and (2) mixed silicon-germanium nanowires. We show that theory can help in understanding the microscopic processes important for devices performances. In particular, we calculated for embedded Si and Ge nanoparticles the dependence of the absorption threshold on size and oxidation, the role of crystallinity and, in some cases, the recombination rates, and we demonstrated that in the case of mixed nanowires, those with a clear interface between Si and Ge show not only a reduced quantum confinement effect but display also a natural geometrical separation between electron and hole

Potential of Core-Collapse Supernova Neutrino Detection at JUNO

JUNO is an underground neutrino observatory under construction in Jiangmen, China. It uses 20kton liquid scintillator as target, which enables it to detect supernova burst neutrinos of a large statistics for the next galactic core-collapse supernova (CCSN) and also pre-supernova neutrinos from the nearby CCSN progenitors. All flavors of supernova burst neutrinos can be detected by JUNO via several interaction channels, including inverse beta decay, elastic scattering on electron and proton, interactions on C12 nuclei, etc. This retains the possibility for JUNO to reconstruct the energy spectra of supernova burst neutrinos of all flavors. The real time monitoring systems based on FPGA and DAQ are under development in JUNO, which allow prompt alert and trigger-less data acquisition of CCSN events. The alert performances of both monitoring systems have been thoroughly studied using simulations. Moreover, once a CCSN is tagged, the system can give fast characterizations, such as directionality and light curve

Detection of the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background with JUNO

As an underground multi-purpose neutrino detector with 20 kton liquid scintillator, Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is competitive with and complementary to the water-Cherenkov detectors on the search for the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB). Typical supernova models predict 2-4 events per year within the optimal observation window in the JUNO detector. The dominant background is from the neutral-current (NC) interaction of atmospheric neutrinos with 12C nuclei, which surpasses the DSNB by more than one order of magnitude. We evaluated the systematic uncertainty of NC background from the spread of a variety of data-driven models and further developed a method to determine NC background within 15\% with {\it{in}} {\it{situ}} measurements after ten years of running. Besides, the NC-like backgrounds can be effectively suppressed by the intrinsic pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) capabilities of liquid scintillators. In this talk, I will present in detail the improvements on NC background uncertainty evaluation, PSD discriminator development, and finally, the potential of DSNB sensitivity in JUNO

Real-time Monitoring for the Next Core-Collapse Supernova in JUNO

Core-collapse supernova (CCSN) is one of the most energetic astrophysical events in the Universe. The early and prompt detection of neutrinos before (pre-SN) and during the SN burst is a unique opportunity to realize the multi-messenger observation of the CCSN events. In this work, we describe the monitoring concept and present the sensitivity of the system to the pre-SN and SN neutrinos at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), which is a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector under construction in South China. The real-time monitoring system is designed with both the prompt monitors on the electronic board and online monitors at the data acquisition stage, in order to ensure both the alert speed and alert coverage of progenitor stars. By assuming a false alert rate of 1 per year, this monitoring system can be sensitive to the pre-SN neutrinos up to the distance of about 1.6 (0.9) kpc and SN neutrinos up to about 370 (360) kpc for a progenitor mass of 30$M_{\odot}$ for the case of normal (inverted) mass ordering. The pointing ability of the CCSN is evaluated by using the accumulated event anisotropy of the inverse beta decay interactions from pre-SN or SN neutrinos, which, along with the early alert, can play important roles for the followup multi-messenger observations of the next Galactic or nearby extragalactic CCSN.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figure

The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figure

MATURE NEUTROPHILS AND GRANULOCYTIC PROGENITORS ISOLATED FROM PBSC DONORS DIFFERENTLY MODULATE T CELL FUNCTIONS

\uc8 comunemente accettato che, contrariamente a quanto si \ue8 pensato finora, i neutrofili non rappresentano una popolazione di cellule terminalmente differenziate e di vita breve. Infatti, l'esistenza di sottopopolazioni di neutrofili con eterogeneit\ue0 fenotipica e funzionale \ue8 stata recentemente documentata sia nel topo sia nell'uomo; in particolare sebbene vi sia un generale consenso sulla definizione di sottpopolazioni granulocitarie come "immunosoppressive" sulla base della loro capacit\ue0 di sopprimere le risposte dei linfociti T, i fenotipi e i meccanismi d\u2019azione di queste cellule sono molto diversi. Al fine di ottenere una maggiore comprensione del fenotipo e stato di maturazione/attivazione delle sottopopolazioni di neutrofili immunosoppressori umani, in questo studio abbiamo isolato granulociti CD66b+ a bassa densit\ue0 (LD) e a densit\ue0 normale (ND) dal sangue periferico di donatori volontari sani riceventi il fattore di crescita G-CSF per la mobilizzazione di cellule staminali ematopoietiche (donatori di cellule staminali periferiche, PBSCs, o donatori G-CSF-mobilizzati), in cui la presenza di G-MDSCs \ue8 stata precedentemente descritta in letteratura. \uc8 importante sottolineare che al fine di distinguere la componente dei neutrofili maturi da quella dei granulociti immaturi presenti all'interno delle diverse frazioni di granulociti CD66b+ LD e ND, abbiamo valutato l'espressione dell'antigene XY** la cui espressione \ue8 specifica per neutrofili maturi segmentati all\u2019ultimo stadio di differenziazione. I risultati ottenuti sino ad oggi suggeriscono che i neutrofili maturi antigene XY+, presenti nelle frazioni LD e ND di granulociti isolati da donatori G-CSF-mobilizzati sono in grado di inibire la proliferazione di linfociti T utilizzando meccanismi di contatto cellulare CD18-dipendenti ed il rilascio di arginasi I. Al contrario, granulociti immaturi CD66b+ antigen XY- presenti all'interno della frazione LD dei donatori G-CSF-mobilizzati sembrano manifestare un comportamento opposto in quanto potenziano le risposte delle cellule T utilizzando meccanismi di contatto cellulare CD18-dipendenti. Nell\u2019insieme, i dati ottenuti da questo studio sottolineano l\u2019importanza estrema di effettuare una valutazione accurata del fenotipo e dello stato di maturazione/attivazione delle differenti popolazioni di granulociti CD66b+ presenti in condizioni infiammatorie, quali infezioni, malattie autoimmunitarie e tumori, al fine di poter considerare di manipolare la funzione di queste cellule per interventi terapeutici. ** dal momento che i dati riportati in questa tesi sono ancora inediti, io definisco come "antigene XY" la molecola abbiamo utilizzato in questo studio per distinguere neutrofili maturi da popolazioni di granulociti immaturi.It is commonly accepted that neutrophils do not represent a population of short-lived terminally differentiated cells as previously thought. Indeed, the existence of distinct neutrophil subsets with functional and phenotypic heterogeneity has recently been documented in both mice and humans; particularly there is a general consensus also on the definition of human neutrophil subsets as \u201cimmunosuppressive\u201d, based on their ability to suppress T cell responses, but still the phenotypes and mechanisms reported for these cells are very diverse. To address this issue and to gain further understanding on the phenotype and maturation/activation status of human immunosuppressive neutrophil subsets, in this study we isolated low density (LD) and normal density (ND) CD66b+ granulocytes from the peripheral blood of normal volunteers receiving G-CSF administration for hematopoietic stem cell mobilization (peripheral blood stem cell donors, PBSCs, or G-CSF-mobilized donors), in which the presence of G-MDSCs has been reported before. Importantly, in order to be able to clearly distinguish among the mature and immature neutrophil components present within the different LD and ND CD66b+ cell fractions, we evaluated the expression of antigen XY** whose expression, among granulocytes, is specific for mature/segmented neutrophils at the latest stages of differentiation. Interestingly, we found that LD and ND CD66b+ antigen XY+ mature neutrophils from G-CSF-mobilized donors inhibited T cell proliferation via CD18-cell contact dependent mechanism and arginase I release. By contrast, CD66b+ antigen XY- immature granulocytes from G-CSF-mobilized donors manifested an opposite behavior, as they enhanced T cell responses via CD18-contact dependent mechanisms. Overall, our study highlight the extreme importance of carefully characterizing the phenotype and the maturation/activation status of the different subsets of CD66b+ cells present in inflammatory conditions, such infections, autoimmune disease and cancer, in order to consider the manipulation of the function of these cells for clinical intervention. **as the data reported in this thesis are still unpublished, I will define as \u201cantigen XY\u201d the molecule we utilized throughout this study to distinguish mature neutrophils from immature granulocyte populations

GIS-based geomorphometric analysis of stream networks in mountainous catchments: implications for slope stability

This work presents the application and validation of a GIS-based toolbox called SLiX, devoted to extract Stream Length- gradient (SL) index values along stream networks starting from Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). SL anomalous values are helpful to outline significant deviations from the concave-up shape of river longitudinal profiles of bedrock streams within mountainous catchments. The spatial analysis of SL index may be suitable for detecting along stream knickzones, supporting the investigation of the process responsible for their formation such as active tectonics, landslides interacting with streambeds or variations in bedrock resistance to erosion. The application in a mountainous catchment localized in the central Apennines (Italy) confirmed the proper functionality of the tool and the potentiality of the SL spatial analyses. This analysis has been integrated by the study of the Slope- Area (SA) function, which provided the contributing area threshold value required for the extraction of the stream network. SA analysis also supported the geomorphological interpretation of the knickzones detected through the SLiX application. The combination of SL and SA analyses in the sample area within the central Apennines revealed practical for detecting a major knickzone at a paleo-lake originated by the run-out of a rockslide. The SA function allowed interpreting the knickzone as one of the slope-break typologies, suggesting its occurrence and upstream propagation before the emplacement of the mass movement